Adrenal Gland: endocrine gland that is located on top of each kidney
Amino Acid-derived: hormones that are modified amino acids
Antagonistic Hormones: hormones that act to return body conditions to within
acceptable limits from opposite extremes
Calcitonin: hormone produced by the thyroid; contributes to the regulation of blood calcium levels
Eicosanoids: lipids that are synthesized from the fatty acid chains of phospholipids found in plasma membrane
Endocrine Glands: glands that have no duct and release their secretions directly into
the intercellular fluid or into the blood
Endocrine System: a control system of ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones
Estrogen: hormone in females; stimulates the development of the uterus and vagina
Exocrine Glands: glands that release their cellular secretions through a duct which
empties to the outside or into the lumen (empty internal space) of an organ
Hormone: a specific chemical substance produced by certain cells that control, or help to control,
cellular processes elsewhere in an organism
Insulin: hormone that acts to lower blood sugar levels by allowing the sugar to flow into cells
Iodine: chemical in the body; Thyroid hormone can not be produced with out it
Lipid-soluble Hormones: diffuse through the cell membranes of target cells
Parathyroid: four masses of tissue, two embedded posterior in each lateral mass of the thyroid gland
Pancreas: organ involved with the digestion system and the circulatory system; helps
to maintain blood sugar levels
Pineal Gland: small endocrine gland in the brain located near the center of the brain,
between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two rounded thalamic bodies join
Pituitary Gland: endocrine gland that is attached to the hypothalamus of the lower forebrain
Polypeptide and Proteins: hormones that are chains of amino acids of less than or more than about 100 amino acids
Steroids: hormones that are lipids that are synthesized from cholesterol; characterized
by four interlocking carbohydrate rings
Testosterone: hormone more prominent in males; belongs to the family of androgens, which are
steroid hormones producing masculinizing effects
Thyroid Gland: endocrine gland that consists of two lateral masses that are attached to the trachea
Thyroxine: serves to stimulate oxidative metabolism in cells; increases the oxygen consumption
and heat production of most body tissues
Water-soluble Hormones: bind to a receptor protein on the plasma membrane of the cell
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