The oases were known ,since ancient times, as the main gate . The most ancient trade route which links Egypt by the south of Africa and which is called EL Arbaeen road or route .this route was covered within forty. EL_Kharga oasis was known as (hebt) which meant the plough because it is famous for agriculture . EL_Dakhala was known as (kenmt) which meant black soil ,i,e,the most suitable soil for agriculture but the farafra  oasis was known as (ta-aht) i ,e .the land of cow which indicates that the oases were agricultural and farming lands which were full of food  and good in ancient times .man lived in these oases in the pre-history ages and what indicates that is the monuments found in EL_Taer Monition in ELKharga and the Gara Cave in Frafra . in the pharaonic ages, The oases were one of the important districts which were ruled by the pharaon of ancient Egypt as it was the first defense line of Egypt from the south and west border . the pharonic monuments were seen and can be seen in different areas of the oases including the most important ones , Hebis Temple in kharga and Balat area in Dakhala .In Batlamic age, the oases had an important role in flourshing agriculture .their monuments are seen along Drab ELArbeen road . most important monuments is EL Ghiwata temple . In Roman age ,there was great interest in EL Wahat , the oases because they were rich in agriculture and there was plenty of water ,thier monuments appeared in Doush temple ,dir EL Hajar and Zaian temple .

In the third and fourth century BC, the oases were the area of living Christians who came fleeing from the aggression of the Roman because of their Christian credit .in modern ages mainly in an the 23rd of December 1958 .the president Gamal Abdel Nasser announced and declared the birth of the new valley and he established the desert construction organization . in 1959 the first caravan of caravan of construction and reclamation arrived on the 3rd of October 1959 and this date is considered the national day of the governorate .

The memory of the third of October every year represents the charging point of history for the new valley and the lives of its inhabitants .on this day the glorious and historical day ,the first caravan of desert reclamation in 1959 .this was the first sparkle of the very beginning of work powerfully and they were determained to reclaim the desert and achieving the complete development . by this it is our duty to memorize this memory to remind our selves to make the coming generations learn what the first pioneers of redamation did . and what they did and the great efforts they exerted. they did a loyal and faith full deed for the good of our country and to achieve the july revolation aims and that through the reclamation ,construction and development of this dear part of egypt land this continued in development on the land of the new valley with the president Mr. Mohamed Hosny Mubark hold the post of the president .this responsibility gave a great push and progress when Mr.president announced the beginning of performing the national project to develop the south of the vally in TUSHKA and the east of OWAYNAT and EL Arbaeen Darb to inerpast the inhabited area from 0% to 25% of EGYPT area and what will be resultsed from establishing new constructing community to attract millions of the Nile Valley inhabitant