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The weight of the Homework Assignment will be determined after you get your final scores. That is, according to your final scores. But it is obligatory to prepare the Homework.

Be careful while completing the Exam Form. No excuse on form filling.

There will be only one Question Booklet. So Choose Booklet Type A on the Form.

The form will be available to you before the Exam at the entrance of the Main Building.

The exams will be test from multiple choices. You may find the answer of a question within another question. So, read every question carefully.

There will be 60 questions.

Every question receives 2 points. 4 incorrect results eliminate a correct one.

You may use an English-Turkish Dictionary during the exam. BUT any misuse of this or any unacceptable, unusual behavior that violates the order in the Hall will be strictly punished. The assistants in charge are authorized to take your Exam Form without warning you before.

Because the course builds on previous materials, the final exam will require that you understand all the course material.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

What percentages can be expected in the offspring of cross between a female carrier for color blindness and a male with normal color vision? Remember that: A female carrier has one normal X chromosome and one defective X chromosome with respect to color blindness and a normal male has a normal X and a Y chromosome.

A. 25% normal male, 25% colorblind males, 25% normal females, 25% carrier females

B. 25% normal males, 25% colorblind males, 25% carrier females, 25% colorblind females

C. 75% normal males, 25% carrier females

D. 50% colorblind males, 50% colorblind females

If two traits tend to be inherited together it is likely they are located close together on the same chromosomes. Therefore, when the sex cell undergoes meiosis, those traits migrate together to the mature sex cell used in fertilization. Geneticists have observed that fruit flies that commonly inherit vestigial wings also inherit lobed eyes. Observations such as this have helped to develop the genetic concept known as

A. segregation

B. dominance

C. gene linkage

D. crossing-over

One of the most important statements in genetics is related to the principle that states that genes located on different homologous chromosomes will be distributed independently of each other. This allows for greater variety in the offspring. Some individuals with blood group A may inherit the genes for blond hair, while other individuals with blood group A may inherit the genes for brown hair. This can be explained by the principle of

A. dominance

B. multiple alleles

C. independent assortment

D. incomplete dominance

Select the marker system that utilizes cytoplasmic inheritance. The system is also known from its successful usage in resolving a famous historical event.

A. Mitochondrial DNA Analyses (MtDNA Analysis)

B. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs)

C. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs)

D. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)

Select the marker system that is most vulnerable in terms of repeatability. That is, its difficult to get the same results when the experiment is repeated in the same or in another laboratory.

A. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP)

B. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs)

C. Microsatellites (SSRs)

D. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)

Which common bacterial virus has a linear double‑stranded DNA genome packaged in the virion capsid but converts to a circular double‑stranded form upon infection?

A. Bacteriophage T4

B. Bacteriophage F X 174

C. Bacteriophage lambda

D. SV40

What distinguishes topoisomerase type I from topoisomerase type II in E. coli?

A. Topoisomerase type I adds negative supercoils, and topoisomerase type II removes them.

B. Topoisomerase type I works with replication; topoisomerase type II works with transcription.

C. Topoisomerase type I cleaves one strand of a DNA duplex, and topoisomerase type II cleaves both strands of the DNA duplex when introducing supercoils into the molecule.

D. Topoisomerase type I works on single‑stranded DNA, and topoisomerase type II works on double‑stranded DNA.

Which of the following is true of negatively supercoiled DNA?

A. It is less compact and less stable.

B. It is wound around itself in the same direction as the helix

C. It is never found in nature.

D. It is underwound.

Which of the following statements about heterochromatin is false?

A. Heterochromatin remains relatively condensed throughout the cell cycle and condenses early in cell division

B. Heterochromatin is found in the telomere and the centromere.

C. Heterochromatin contains relatively few genes.

D. Heterochromatin replicates early in S phase.

Which of the following dimensions is incorrect?

A. The diameter of the chromatin fiber is 25 nm.

B. The diameter of a chromatid arm is 700�1000 nm.

C. The diameter of a DNA double helix is 20 �.

D. The diameter of the solenoid is 30 nm.

Which of the following statements about supercoiling is false?

A. Both supercoiled DNA and topoisomerases can be found in prokaryotes.

B. Transcription and replication create positive supercoils downstream.

C. Closed circular DNA molecules in bacteria and in eukaryotes are underwound

D. Supercoiled DNA and topoisomerases are not found in eukaryotes.

Which DNA polymerase is mainly responsible for genome replication in E. coli?

A. DNA polymerase α

B. DNA polymerase II

C. DNA polymerase I

D. DNA polymerase III

Which event is the consequence of a mismatch in the heteroduplex that forms during general recombination?

A. Gene conversion

B. Branch migration

C. Strand invasion

D. Holliday structure formation

Which of the following statements is true of thymine?

A. Thymine has a methyl group attached to the N‑1 position.

B. Thymine is the same as 5‑methyl uracil.

C. Thymine can never be attached to ribose.

D. Thymine has an amino group at the C‑4 position.

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