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CH105 Syallabus |
CH105
Lab Syllabus
Study
Guide Final Exam
Equations I will give you on the test
| F = 1.8 (oC) + 32 |
oC= (F-32)/1.8 |
heat (cal) = g x oC x sp. heat (cal/goC) |
P1V1 = P2V2
T1n1 T2n2 |
STP conditions are:
Volume = 22.4 L
Temp = 273 K
Pressure = 1 atm
moles = 1 mole |
percent = mass (g) or volume (mL)
solutions 100 g or mL of solution
|
| Molarity (M) = moles/L |
Kw = [H3O+] [OH-]
Kw = (1 x 10-7) (1 x 10-7) |
pH = -log [H3O+] |
| M1V1 (initial) = M2V2 (final) |
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. |
Chapter
1 - Measurement
Vocabulary
| units |
significant figures |
rounding off |
| accuracy |
precision |
scientific notation |
Calculations:
-
unit coversions (you should know all the metric
conversions - I will give you conversions for non metric)
-
density
-
specific gravity
Chapter
2 - Atomic Structure
Vocabulary
| heterogenous |
homogenous |
chemical symbols |
|
|
| groups & periods |
alkali metals |
alkali earth metals |
halogens |
noble elements |
| metals |
non metals |
atomic theory |
nucleus |
electron |
| proton |
neutron |
atomic number |
mass number |
isotopes |
Be able to:
-
write symbols of elements and vice versa
-
explain structure of atom
-
fill electrons in shells of atoms
Chapter
3 - Nuclear Radiation
Vocabulary
| isotopes |
natural radioactivity |
particles radiated - alpha, beta, gamma, proton, neutron, positron |
artificial radioactivity |
| units of radiation measurement |
rem |
half life |
transmutation |
| nuclear fission |
nuclear fusion |
chain reaction |
radiation detection (Geiger counter) |
Be able to:
-
write properties of radiated particles
-
write radioactive equations
-
do calculations in radiation (given the units
and values)
-
write about damage caused by radiation
-
write about the applications of radioactivity
Chapter
4 - Compounds and Their Bonds
Vocabulary
| valence electrons |
anions |
cations |
octet rule |
| ionic bonding |
electronegativity |
polarity |
|
Be able to:
- write electron dot (Lewis) structures for ionic and covalent compounds
- name compounds: ionic (metals, transition metals, polyatomic ions) , covalent.
- predict shape of molecules
- predict polarity of molecules
Chapter
5 - Chemical Reactions and Quantities
Vocabulary
| chemical equations |
reactants |
products |
coefficients |
| mole |
avogadro's number |
molar mass |
stoichiometry |
Be able to:
-
write write basic chemical equations
-
balance chemical equations
Calculations:
-
molar mass (formula weight)
-
moles
-
number of atoms
-
stoichiometric reactions
Chapter
6 - Energy and States of Matter
Vocabulary
| types of energy |
temperature units |
specific heat |
calorie |
| melting |
freezing |
boiling |
condensation |
| sublimation |
endothermic |
exothermic |
activation energy |
| rate of reaction |
catalyst |
equilibrium |
|
Be able to:
-
explain the changes in states of matter
-
predict which reaction will go faster based
on temperature, nature of substance, concentration and catalyst.
-
predict direction of equilibrium
Calculations:
-
convert temperature into different units
-
specific heat calculations
Chapter
7 - Gases
Vocabulary
| Kinetic theory of gases |
Pressure and its units |
Boyles Law (pressure and volume) |
| Charles Law (volume and temperature) |
Gay-Lussac's Law (temperature and pressure) |
Combined Gas Law |
| Avogadro's Law (moles and volume) |
Daltons Law (partial pressure) |
Henry's Law (pressure and solubility) |
| Standard Temperature and Pressure |
|
|
Be able to:
-
explain the relationship between pressure
and boiling point
-
predict which reaction will go faster based
on temperature, nature of substance, concentration and catalyst.
Calculations:
-
Use the Boyles, Charles, Gay-Lussac's Law
and the combined gas law
-
use avogadro's law to calculate moles of gas
in a certain volume
-
use Standard temperature and pressure values
to calculate values for gases
Chapter 8
- Solutions
Vocabulary
| hydrogen bonding |
surface tension |
solvent |
solute |
| solution |
concentrated |
dilute |
electrolytes (strong, weak and non) |
| equivalents |
mass percent |
volume percent |
molarity |
| suspensions |
colloids |
osmosis |
hyper and hypotonic |
Be able to:
-
explain the properties of water
-
predict solubility based on temperature
-
write difference between suspensions and colloids
Calculations:
-
calculate equivalents of ions in solutions
-
mass percent
-
volume percents
-
molarity
Chapter 9 - Acids and Bases
Vocabulary
| acids |
bases (alkalis) |
hydronium ion |
pH |
| strength of acids and bases |
neutralization |
buffers |
titration |
Be able to:
- recognize and name acids and bases
- determine the stronger acid in two or more acids
- write neutralization reaction
- give practical examples of how acids, bases and buffers are used in our
lives
Calculations:
- calculate hydronium ion concentration using the ion product of water
- calculate pH
Chapter 10 - Alkanes and Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Vocabulary
| alkanes |
alkenes |
alkynes |
aromatic |
| saturated |
unsaturated |
cyclo alkanes |
alkylhalides |
| structural formula |
condensed formula |
combustion |
isomers (structural) |
Be able to:
- differentiate between organic and inorganic substances
- write structural formulae
- name compounds (alkanes, cycloalkanes and alkylhalides) and vice versa
- identify functional groups in a given compound
- compare physical properties of the above organic compounds
- give practical applications of the above organic compounds
Reactions:
Chapter 11 - Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Vocabulary
| geometric isomers |
cis and trans |
hydrogenation |
| Markovnikov's Rule |
hydration |
polymers |
Be able to:
- identify functional groups
- name alkenes, alkynes, cylcoalkenes and aromatic compounds
- compare physical properties of the above organic compounds
- give practical applications of the above organic compounds
Reactions:
- alkenes: hydrogenation, hydration
- combustion reaction
Chapter 12 - Organic Compounds with Oxygen and
Sulfur
(we did not do thiols)
Vocabulary
| alcohols |
hydrogen bonding |
ethers |
aldehydes |
| ketones |
oxidation |
reduction |
primary alcohol |
| secondary alcohol |
tertiary alcohol |
chirality |
|
Be able to:
- name alcohols, ethers, phenols, aldehydes and ketones
- predict physical properties of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones eg
solubility in water, acidity.
- give practical applications of the above organic compounds
- identify the chiral carbon in a compound
Reactions:
- alcohols: dehydration, oxidation
- oxidation and reduction of aldehydes and ketones
Chapter 13 - Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines
and Amides Vocabulary
| carboxylic acids |
carboxylic esters |
amines |
amides |
| esterification |
hydrolysis |
saponification |
primary amine |
| secondary amine |
tertiary amine |
|
|
Be able to:
- name Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines and Amides
- predict physical properties of Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines and Amides
eg solubility in water, basicity and acidity.
- give practical applications of the above organic compounds
Reactions:
- Carboxylic acids: neutralization and saponification
- synthesis of ester and hydrolysis of ester
- synthesis of amides and hydrolysis of amides
Chapter 14 - Carbohydrates
Vocabulary
| monosaccharides |
disaccharides |
polysaccharides |
aldose |
| ketose |
chiral carbon |
superimposable |
reducing sugars |
| anomers |
mutarotation |
alpha anomer |
beta anomer |
| D and L sugars |
|
|
|
Be able to:
- identify carbohydrates as monosaccharides, hexose, aldose etc.
- write chemical properties of sugars with reactions eg oxidation,
reduction.
Chapter 15 - Lipids
Vocabulary
| lipids |
fatty acids |
triglyceride |
phospholipid |
| glycolipid |
steroid |
hydrogenation |
|
Be able to:
- identify lipids as triglycerides, phospholipids or glycolipids.
- distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
- explain the physical properties of lipids
- explain functions of lipids (eg energy, used in membrane synthesis etc.)
- chemical reactions of lipids: hydrogenation, hydrolysis and saponification.
Chapter 16 - Amino Acids, Proteins and
Enzymes Vocabulary
| essential amino acids |
Zwitterion |
peptide linkage |
primary structure |
| secondary structure |
tertiary structure (see below) |
quarternary structure |
alpha-helix |
| beta-sheets |
denature |
enzymes (see below) |
cofactors |
| competitive inhibitor |
noncompetitive inhibitor |
|
|
Be able to explain:
- functions of proteins - structural, transport, hormones, enzymes etc.
- the primary, secondary, tertiary structure of proteins
- the causes of denaturing of protein (heat, acid, base, organic compounds,
alcohol, heavy metals and agitation)
- enzyme activity
- how competitive inhibitor and noncompetitive inhibitor work
Bonds Involved in Tertiary Structure
disulfide links | ionic bonds
| hydrogen bonds
| hydrophobic interactions
Classes of Enzymes
| Class |
Reaction Catalyzed |
Example |
| Oxidoreductase |
oxidation-reduction |
oxidases
reductases |
| Transferases |
transfers a group between two compounds |
transaminase (amino acid)
kinase (phosphate group) |
| Hydrolases |
hydrolysis |
proteases (peptide bond)
lipase (ester bond) |
| Lyases |
add or remove groups involving a double bond |
deaminase (amino group) |
| Isomerases |
rearranges a molecule |
cis to trans bond or vice versa |
| Ligases |
forms bond using ATP and energy |
synthetases |
Chapter 17 - Nucleic Acids
Vocabulary
| nucleosides (s+b) |
nucleotides (s+b+p) |
complementary base pair |
DNA |
| RNA |
ribosomal RNA |
transfer RNA |
messenger RNA |
| gene |
codon |
|
|
Be able to:
- explain the structure of DNA.
- briefly explain the process of protein synthesis
- explain how the recombinant technology works
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