HTML Hypertext Elements Summary

• A Element: Hypertext Anchor

A Element: Hypertext Anchor

• Attributes:
  • HREF="url" (mandatory if NAME is absent) Gives the target of a hypertext link, where "url" is the uniform resource locator referencing the target object.
    If the url is an *.html, *.htm, *.xml, *.dtd,  etc.. file, the given *.html, *.htm, *.xml, *.dtd file is displayed on the window.
    If the url is a *.gif, *.jpeg, *.jpg, *.xmb, etc.. image file, the given image is shown on the window.
    If the url is a *.au, *.wav, *.mid, *.rmi, etc.. audio file, the given audio file will be played by the audio player.
    If the url is a *.avi, etc.. video stream file, the given video stream file will be played by the video player.
    If the url is any other file type, then a download window will pop up to allow you to down load the file.
  • NAME="string"  (mandatory if HREF is absent) Marks the anchored text as a possible, specific destination of a hypertext link. The value "string" identifies this destination and is called a fragment identifier.
  • REL="string"  (valid with HREF only) REL attribute values describe the relationship(s) associated with the hypertext link. The relationship is defined between the two entire documents and is not just related to the particular link. As an example, REL could indicate that the linked document is an index for the current one, or is an annotation to the current one (which a browser might want to display as a pop-up).
    The value for REL is a space-separated list of case-insensitive relationship values (preferably a collection of name tokens). An example is: 
    <A HREF="http://foo.edu/fe.html" REL="next">next document</A>
    This would mean that the document fe.html, at the given URL, is the next document in some author-defined document sequence. Another example:
    <A HREF="http://foo.edu/vers2.html" REL="supersedes">previous document</A>
    The document vers2.html is an earlier version of the document.
    Values for the relationships and their semantics are currently being defined; the current status is summarized at the URL: http://www.sq.com/papers/Relationsip.html. Most browsers do not understand REL and REV.
  • REV="string" (optional) REV is like REL but with the relationship reversed. For example,
    <A HREF="http://foo.edu/vers2.html" REV="supersedes"> later document </A>
    means that the document vers2.html is a later version of the document containing this link.
  • TARGET="string" (Netscape and Internet Explorer only) Supports multiple browser windows and multiple frames within a given browser, each frame or window with its own name. The TARGET attribute lets a document author direct data to be returned, upon selecting a hypertext link, to one of these named windows. If a window of the given name does not exist, the browser will create it. For example:
    <A HREF="/path/file.html" TARGET="win-2">anchor text</A>
    indicates that the retrieved document, upon accessing the anchor, should be directed to the window name "win-2." If a window or window frame with this name does not yet exist, the browser will clone a new copy of the browser, assign the name "win-2" to this new window, and direct the returned data to it.
    In the absent of a TARGET, a document is retrieved to the window from which the link was accessed, as per standard practice.
    TARGETs are most often named frames or panes within a given browser window. These are created by the FRAMESET and FRAME elements, which permit multiple, independent document viewing panes within the same browser window, If a frame is declared via <FRAME SRC="url" NAME="frame1">, then the author of the form:
    <A HREF="/path/file.htnl" TARGET="frame1">anchor text</A>
    will direct the returned document to the designated FRAME.
    Several target names are predefined, with useful special meanings.
    

    Predefined Target Names and Their Meanings
    TARGET Value	Meaning
    _blank	Load the referenced data into a new, unnamed window.
    _self	Load the referenced data into place of the current window.
    _parent	Load the referenced data into the window containing (or that contained) the  parent of the current document. If there is no parent document, default to TARGET="_self"
    _top	Load the referenced data into the window containing (or that contained) the  "top" document. If there is no top document, default to TARGET="_self"
    Note: All other names beginning with an underscore (_) are ignored by the browser.

    
    
  • TITLE="string" (optional) (valid only if HREF is present) Gives a title for the linked resource. Most browsers do not understand and ignore it.
    

• Examples:
  • Example 1: Anchor with Local NAME and HREF
  • Example 2: Anchor with external file NAME and HREF
  • Example 3: Anchor with fully qualified URL HREF
  • Example 4: Anchor to set up download a file
  • Example 5: Anchor to set up download a file by clicking an image
  • Example 6: Anchor to show an image
  • Example 7: Anchor to play an audio
  • Example 8: Anchor to play a video
  • Example 9: Anchor with TARGET="_blank" to load the referenced data into a new, unnamed window

• Example 1: Anchor with Local NAME and HREF

<P>Mark here as <A NAME=Anchor_Name_1>Anchor Name 1</A></P>
<BR><BR><BR>
<P>Click <A HREF="#Anchor_Name_1">here</A> to go to the marked &quot;Anchor Name 1&quot;</P>

• Example 1 Output:

Mark here as Anchor Name 1

Click here to go to the marked "Anchor Name 1"

• Example 2: Anchor with external file NAME and HREF

<P>We have the main HTML Summary file name as HtmlSummary.htm. Click <A HREF="HtmlSummary.htm#main">here</A>
to access that file.</P>

• Example 2 Output:

We have the main HTML Summary file name as HtmlSummary.htm. Click here to access that file.

• Example 3: Anchor with fully qualified URL HREF

 <P>Click <A HREF="http://www.yahoo.com/">here</A> to go to http://www.yahoo.com/.</P>

• Example 3 Output: 

Click here to go to http://www.yahoo.com/.

• Example 4: Anchor to set up download a file

<P>Click <A HREF="HtmlSummary.zip">here</A> to download &quot;HtmlSummary.zip&quot;.</P>

• Example 4 Output: 

Click here to download "HtmlSummary.zip".

• Example 5: Anchor to set up download a file by clicking an image

<P>Click this image <A HREF="HtmlSummary.zip">
<IMG SRC="jpg/GoldPetals.jpg" WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="50"
ALT="[GoldPetals.jpg]"></A> to download &quot;HtmlSummary.zip&quot;.</P>

• Example 5 Output: 

Click this image to download "HtmlSummary.zip".

• Example 6: Anchor to show an image

<P>Click <A HREF="jpg/GoldPetals.jpg">here</A> to see the image &quot;jpg/GoldPetals.jpg&quot;.</P>

• Example 6 Output: 

Click here to see the image "jpg/GoldPetals.jpg".

• Example 7: Anchor to play an audio

<P>Click <A HREF="sounds/MozartNo40.mid">MOZART</A> to hear "sounds/MozartNo40.mid".</P>

• Example 7 Output: 

Click MOZART to hear "sounds/MozartNo40.mid".

• Example 8: Anchor to play a video

<P>Click <a href="video/CAPTURE.AVI">here</a> to play a video
&quot;video/CAPTURE.AVI&quot;</P>

• Example 8 Output: 

Click here to play a video "video/CAPTURE.AVI"

• Example 9: Anchor with TARGET="_blank" to load the referenced data into a new, unnamed window

<P>Click <A HREF="Hypertext.htm" TARGET="_blank">here</A> to load play
&quot;Hypertext.htm&quot; into a new, unnamed window.</P>

• Example 9 Output: 

Click here to load play "Hypertext.htm" into a new, unnamed window.

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