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Flora and Fauna
Nepal, a land of natural diversities, is blessed with a variety of
ecosystems, treeless sub-alpine pastures and dense forest. It has the
highest concentration of flora and fauna in Asia.
Sub -Tropical Evergreen Forest:
This forest covers (the range is up to 1,200m.) mostly the Tarai,
inner Tarai, Bhabar, Siwalik belt, river bensi as well as in the deep
valleys of the hilly Mahabharat region.
Khair (catechu), Sishau (Acacia-Dalbergia), Sal (Shorea-robusta),
bamboo, cane reeds, oak, Simal (bombax malabaricum), Sirish (Albizzia
stipulata) are available here. Evergreen trees like Bar, Pipal, Chyuri,
Utis, Bair are the main ones. The trees of this region are tall, thick
and dense.
Wild animals, like, gaurs, tigers, wild buffalo, four species of deer,
leopard, rhinoceros, swamp deer, hog deer, crocodile, gangetic dolphin
inhabit the area.
Temperate Deciduous forest:
This type of forest is mainly found in the hill region, especially up
to 2100m. Khote Salla (Pinus roxbarghii), Chilaune (Sehima Wallichii),
Katus, Uttis, Kaljhar, Sal, Salla, rhododendrom are found in this
vegetal area. Lankure, Chanp, Painyu, Saur, Nigalo and different types
of bamboo are available here. Deciduous trees generally shed their
leaves in winter.
Animals, like, wild bear, barking deer, serow, ghoral, etc inhabit
this vegetal area. Different types of birds are also found.
Temperate Evergreen Coniferous:
This evergreen vegetation is available at the higher parts of the
Mahabharat and lower parts of the Himalayas at about 2100 to 3300m.
Pinus, juniper, spruce, Deodar, birch, Magnolia, Thingure Salla (fir),
cedars are found at this altitude. Sungava (Dendrobium -Densiflorum),
pine, Dhupi (Cryptomeria Japonica), spruce (piceasmithiana), Kshasru,
Gobresalla, etc., the conifer, are also found.
This vegetal area is the home of Himalayan bear, Serow, ghoral,
barking deer, wild boar, Himalayan Thar and red panda. Beautiful
pheasant, the danfe (Lophophorus); the national bird of Nepal, is also
found here.
Alpine Grass Land and the Himalayan Desert Vegetation:
Varieties of grasses (steppes), bushes and flowering vegetation are
available in the cold climate and low rainfall area up to 5000m. Rare
herbs and medicinal plants are found at about 4000m. Nilo Salla (blue
pine) Govre Salla, Dhupi, Bhojpatra are also found.
Himalayan marmot, mouse hare, thar, musk deer, snow leopard, blue
sheep inhabit this region. At the height of 5000m. and/or above,
vegetation like mosses and high altitude lichens are found. This is
the grass-less region, which remains almost snow-covered throughout
the year. |
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Top
National Parks &
Wildlife Reserves
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Name
|
Established
|
Area ( sq. km)
|
Location
|
Flora and Fauna
|
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Royal Chitwan National Park (World Herigate, 1984) |
1973 |
932 |
Most parts of Chitwan, Makawanpur and Parsa districts |
One horned rhinoceros, tiger, gharial crocodile, gaur, wild
elephant, egangetic, dolphin, monitor lizard, python, samber,
chital, hot-deer, barking deer, sloth bear, palm civet langur,
rhesus monkey. |
|
Sagarmatha National Park (World Heritage 1979) |
1976 |
1148 |
Khumbu (Sloukhimbu) |
Thar, ghoral, serow, musk deer, snow leopard, Himalayan bear,
mammals as weasel, marten, Himalayan mousehare, jackal, langur
monkey. Mt. Everest, Nuptse, Choyu, Pumori, Amadablam are in this
park. |
|
Langtang National Park |
1976 |
1710 |
Central Himalayas (Rasuwa, Nuwakot, Sindhupalchowk) |
Wild dog, red panda, pika, muntjake, musk deer, Himalayan black
bear, thar, ghoral, serow, rhesus monkey, langur. Various species
of rhodondron and oaks, chirpine, maple, fir are found. |
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Rara National Park |
1976 |
106 |
Northwest of Nepal (Mugu and Jumla) |
Musk deer, Himalayan black bear, leopard, goral, thar, wild boar,
the lake Rara, coniferous trees, blue pine, black juniper, spruce,
oak, Himalayan cypress are found here. |
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Khaptad National Park |
1984 |
225 |
Far Western Nepal touches districts of Bajhang, Bajura, Doti and
Achham) |
Leopard, Himalayan yellow throated marten, Himalayan black bear,
musk deer, goral, thar. Chirpane, spruce, fir, maple, birch,
alder, rhododendron are also found. |
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Shey Phoksundo National Park |
1984 |
3555 |
Western Nepal (Dolpa, Mugu) |
Snow leopard, blue sheep, ghoral, thar, serow, leopard, wild
jackal, him-black bear, weasal, mousehare, yellow throated marten,
blue pine, spruce, cypress, poplar deodar, fir are available. |
|
Royal Bardiya |
1976 |
968 |
Mid-far-western Tarai (Bardiya) |
Rhinoceros, wild elephant, tiger, swamp deer, black buck, gharial
crocodile, marsh, magar crocodile, gangetic dolphin. More than
2000 species of birds and several species of snakes are found.
|
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Makalu-Barun |
1992 |
1500 |
Eastern Nepal (Sankhuwasabha and Solukhumbu) |
Red panda, musk deer, him-black bear, leopard, ghoral, Thar, wild
bore, barking deer, Himalayan marmot, weasal, langur. Fir, birch,
rhododendron, herbs, shrubs are here. Forty-seven varieties of
orchids are found. |
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Royal Sukla Phanta |
1975 |
305 |
Far-western (Kanchanpur) |
Animals like swamp deer, wild elepahnt, hospid hare, blue bull,
leopard, chital, hog deer, wildboar. Sal, ashna simal, karma,
khair, sisso plants are found. 200 species of birds are here.
Marsh mugger, Indian python, monitor-lizard, snakes are also
found. |
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Koshi Tappu |
1976 |
175 |
Eastern Nepal (Sunsari-Saptari) |
Aninials like arna (wild buffalo), hog deer, spotted deer, blue
bull, gharial crocodile, gangetic dolphin; plants like khair,
sisso and many species of birds are found here. |
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Parsa |
1984 |
499 |
Central Nepal (Bara, parsa, Chitwan, Makawanpur) |
Animal like wild elephant, tiger, leopard, sloth bear, gaur, blue
bull, wild dog and khair, sisso and cotton trees are found.
|
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Siwapuri Watershed and Wildlife |
1984 |
144 |
(Kathmandu, Nuwakot, Sindhupalchowk) |
Sloth bear, langur, leopard, barding deer and many species of
birds are found. |
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Hunting Reserve
|
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Dhorpatan |
1983 |
1325 |
West Nepal (Rukum, Myagdi and Baglung) |
Blue sheep, leopard, ghoral, serow, Thar, black beer, barding
beer, wild boar, rhesus macaque types of animals are found. The
only hunting reserve in Nepal. Fir, pine, birch, rhododendron,
hemlock, oak, juniper like plants are found. |
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Conservation Area
|
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Makalu-Barun |
1992 |
830 |
Eastern Nepal (Sankhuwasabha and Sloukhumbu) |
Animals mentioned in the parks above. The richest and the most
unique pockets of plants are found. Valuable medicinal plants also
found. This is very famous for the vegetal kinds and fish, too.
|
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Annapurna |
1992 |
7629 |
West Nepal (Kaski, Lanjung, Myagdi, Mustang, Manang) |
Himalayan animals, birds are found. Beautiful scenes, pleasant
trekking route are found. Various species of vegetations exit.
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Kanchenjungha |
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Eastern Nepal (Taplejung) |
Snow leopard, musk deer, Himalayan bear, goral, sheep. Various
species of vegetation exit. |
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