DATA-MEDICOS 
DERMAGIC/EXPRESS 2-(97) 
4 Noviembre 2.000  4 November 2.000 
 
~ El Cyperus Rotundus una hierba que hace crecer el cabello ??? ~
~ The Cyperus Rotundus a Herb That makes grow Hair ??? ~
 
EDITORIAL ESPANOL
=================
Hola amigos DERMAGICOS, el tema de hoy bastante interesante: EL CYPERUS ROTUNDUS,
una hierba con propiedades medicinales.
Fue La Dra Tania Mituzaki. de Brasil quien hablo sobre LA TIRIRICA (Cyperus Rotundus) como
una planta que utilizada como champu hacia crecer el cabello de una manera impresionante.
Durante todo este mes se ha estado hablando sobre las bondades o perjuicios de esta planta. Por
ello me fui de viaje a la red a buscar cuanto pudiese sobre la planta en cuestion.

Lo primero que debemos reconocer es que la "plantita" tiene NUMEROSAS PROPIEDADES
MEDICINALES, las cuales pueden leer en las referencias, pero tambien es considerada en algunos
paises como una hierba mala que no deja crecer bien otras plantas, e incluso hay trabajos de "como
eliminar el cyperus en algunos sembradios.

En mi viaje consegui 2 productos comerciales a que contienen CYPERUS ROTUNDUS, ninguno
de ellos habla sobre su uso en el cabello. De hecho no encontre ninguna referencia sobre la
utilizacion de la TIRIRICA para hacer crecer el cabello. Pero si es cierto que es una planta que
contiene NUMEROSOS COMPONENTES QUIMICOS y actualmente esta siendo MUY
ESTUDIADA. Puede ser que se encuentre que alguno de esos componentes estimule el crecimiento
del cabello.

De modo que esta observación que ha hecho la Dra Tania Mituzaki (brasil) es muy intresante y
valida, pues recordemos que las 2 JOYAS para hacer crecer el cabello que se utilizan hoy dia como
lo son el FINASTERIDE Y MINOXIDIL, fueron descubiertas casualmente.

Hace unos meses vi en mi oficina una paciente que estaba usando el producto ERVAMATIN para
el cabello, y me dijo que era impresionante el nuevo cabello, incluso me lo enseño, y pude verlo.
en aquel momento pense que dicho producto podia contener minoxidil al 5 %, hoy pienso que
puede tratarse del cyperus Rotundus (TIRIRICA).

La ciencia avanza y sigue su camino, no cerremos nuestra mente a esta alternativa y esperemos que
nuestros investigadores en el mundo determinen si verdaderamente EL CYPERUS ROTUNDUS
hace crecer el cabello. Seria una propiedad medicinal de esta planta aun no descrita y le
correponderian los HONORES a la Dra Tania M. de brasil la primera observacion de este hecho.

Cierro este dermagic con estas palabras: " A la voz del pueblo le sigue una gran Verdad "...

GRACIAS DR Rolando Hernandez Por las Fotos.

INFORMAL: Dermagic express esta construyendo su pagina web, en un FREE SITE, en otro
correo les comentare al respecto.

Saludos a TODOS.

Dr. Jose Lapenta R.

EDITORIAL ENGLISH
=================
Hello friends DERMAGICOS, quite interesting today's topic: THE CYPERUS ROTUNDUS, a
herb with medicinal properties.
The Dra Tania Mituzaki. of Brazil who I talk about THE TIRIRICA was (Cyperus Rotundus) like a
plant that used as shampoo and make grow the hair in an impressive way. During this whole month
it has been talking about the kindness or damages of this plant. For I went on a trip me to the net to
look for as much as can on the plant in question.

The first thing that we should recognize is that the " herb " has NUMEROUS MEDICINAL
PROPERTIES, which can read in the references, but it is also considered in some countries like a
bad grass that it doesn't allow to grow well other plants, and there are even works of as eliminating
the cyperus in some lands for agriculture.

In my trip I got 2 commercial products to that CYPERUS ROTUNDUS contains, none of them
talks about its use in the hair. In fact I didn't find any reference on the use of the TIRIRICA to make
grow the hair. But if it is certain that it is a plant that contains NUMEROUS CHEMICAL
COMPONENTS and at the moment it is being VERY STUDIED. It can be that in the future it is
found that some of those components stimulates the growth of the hair.

So that this observation that has made the Dra Tania mituzaki (brasil) it is very interesting and valid ,
because we have to remember that the 2 JEWELS to make the hair grow that we are used
nowadays as they are it the FINASTERIDE AND MINOXIDIL, they were discovered
accidentally.

Some months ago I saw in my office a patient that was using the product ERVAMATIN for the hair,
and she told me that it was impressive the new hair, I even teach it to me, and I could see it.
in that moment I thought that the product could contain minoxidil 5%, today I think that it can be
the cyperus Rotundus (TIRIRICA).

The science advances and it follows its road, let us don't close our mind to this alternative and let us
hope our investigators in the world determine if THE CYPERUS ROTUNDUS truly makes grow
the hair. It could be a new medicinal property of this plant not yet describedl, and the HONORS
from the first observation of this fact. they would be to the Dra Tania M.

I close this dermagic with these words: " To the voice of the town it continues him a great Truth"...

THANK YOU Dr. Rolando Hernadez For the pictures

INFORMAL: Dermagic express is building their onw web page, in a FREE SITE in another mail I
will comment them in this respect.

Greetings to ALL.
Dr. Jose Lapenta R.,,,

============================================================
1.) TIRIRICA / CYPERUS ROTUNDUS
2.) Table-maker: Phytochemicals of Cyperus rotundus
3.) Cyperus rotundus L. (CYPERACEAE) (SEDGE FAMILY)
"Purple nutsedge" "Sa'ad" "hasir" "si'd"
4.) TIRIRICA Cyperus rotundus
5.) BALAKALPAM (PRODUCT NO 1 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
6.) HEPATONE (PRODUCT NO 2 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
7.) Cyperus rotundus L. / Healthcare Properties
8.) The ameliorating effects of the cognitive-enhancing chinese herbs on
scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.
9.) Rotundines A-C, three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids from Cyperus rotundus.
10.) Effect of feeding tagernut (Cyperus rotundus, L) meal on the performance of rabbits.
11.) Antimalarial sesquiterpenes from tubers of Cyperus rotundus: structure of
10,12-peroxycalamenene, a sesquiterpene endoperoxide.
12.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),Angelica sinensis
(Oliv.) Diels (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR), Ligusticum chuangxiong Hort (LC) and Peaonia
veitchii lynch (PV) on the
hemorheological changes in "blood stagnating" rats].
13.) [Revision on the type of leaf trace bundles of Cyperus rotundus L].
14.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),tail of Angelica
sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR),Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (LC) and
Paeonia veitchii Lynch (PV) on the
hemorrheological changes in normal rats].
15.) [Treatment of intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia of gastric
mucosa with xiao wei yan powder].
16.) Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a
chloralkali plant. IV. Bioconcentration of mercury in in situ aquatic and
terrestrial plants at Ganjam, India.
17.) Antimalarial compounds containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety from Tanzanian
medicinal plants.
18.) Antimalarial activity of Tanzanian medicinal plants.
19.) Effect of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus Linn) on reserpine-induced emesis in pigeons.
20.) Pharmacological studies to isolate the active constituents from Cyperus
rotundus possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities.
21.) Characterization of ferredoxin from nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L., and
other species with a high photosynthetic capacity.
22.) A pharmacological study of Cyperus rotundus.
23.) CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. ROOT OIL
24.) POSSIBILITIES OF SOIL SOLARIZATION FOR THE ERRADICATION OF Cyperus
rotundus L. AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF SALINE SOILS
25.) Control Of Nut Grass (Cyperus Rotundus) In Asparagus
============================================================
============================================================
1.) TIRIRICA / CYPERUS ROTUNDUS
============================================================
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Cyperus
Species: rotundus
Common names: Tirirca, Nutsedge, Tagernut, Hama-Suge,
Hsiang Fu Tzu, Hsiang Fu, Muskezamin, Musta, Mustaka,
Mutha, So Ken Chiu, So Ts'Ao, Souchet, Topalak, Boeai,
Mota, Roekoet teki, Tage-tage, Teki, Woeta,
Parts Used: Root, Rhisome

DESCRIPTION
-------------
Properties/Actions:
Alterative, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Antimalarial,
Antimicrobial, Anti-pyretic, Astringent, Carminative, Demulcent,
Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Emmenagogueue, Emollient, Febrifuge, Hypoglycemic,
Hypotensive, Immunostimulant, Nervine, Stimulant, Stomachic, Tonic, Vermifuge

Phytochemicals:
--------------
1,8-cineole, 4alpha,5alpha-oxidoeudesm-11-en-3-alpha-ol, Alkaloids,
Alpha-cyperone, Alpha-rotunol, Beta-cyperone, Beta-pinene, Beta-rotunol,
Beta-selinene, Calcium, Camphene, Copaene, Cyperene, Cyperenone, Cyperol,
Cyperolone Cyperotundone D-copadiene, D-epoxyguaiene, D-fructose,
D-glucose, Eo, Flavonoids, Gamma-cymene, Isocyperol, Isokobusone, Kobusone,
Limonene, Linoleic-acid, Linolenic-acid, Magnesium, Manganese, Mustakone,
Myristic-acid, Oleanolic-acid, Oleanolic-acid-3-o-neohesperidoside,
Oleic-acid, P-cymol, Patchoulenone, Pectin, Polyphenols, Rotundene,
Rotundenol, Rotundone, Selinatriene, Sitosterol, Stearic-acid, Sugeonol,
Sugetriol

----------------------------------
Country ETHNOBOTANY WORLDWIDE USES
----------------------------------
China Abdomen, Ache(Head), Ache(Stomach), Amenorrhea, Anodyne, Aphrodisiac, Bactericide,
Bladder, Cancer(Cervix), Chest, Circulation, Congestion, Deobstruent, Depression, Diarrhea,
Dysmenorrhea, Dyspepsia, Emmenagogueue, Energy, Gastralgia, Hemicrania, Impotency,
Lactogogue, Menoxenia, Metritis, Metroxenia, Side, Stomachic, Tonic, Trauma, Virility, Vulnerary

Egypt Astringent, Bite(Scorpion), Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Dyspepsia, Emmenagogue, Emollient,
Fever, Stomachic, Ulcer, Vermifuge
Elsewhere Analgesic, Astringent, Bowel, Cold, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Fever, Fungistatic, Hair-Tonic,
Hypertension, Inflammation, Medicine, Perfume, Stomach, Tranquilizer, Vasodilator

India Astringent, Bowel, Stomach, Tumor(Abdomen), Vermifuge

Japan Anodyne, Emmenagogueue, Wound
Java Diuretic, Edema, Felon, Gravel, Leucorrhea, Sore, Stone, Whitlow

Sudan Astringent, Diaphoretic, Dyspepsia, Fever

Turkey Alterative, Astringent, Carminative, Demulcent, Diuretic, Emmenagogueue, Lactogogue,
Perfume, Stimulant, Stomachic, Tonic, Vermifuge

============================================================
2.) Table-maker: Phytochemicals of Cyperus rotundus
============================================================
Chemical Part Amount (ppm) Low (ppm) High (ppm)

1,8-CINEOLE Root
4ALPHA,5ALPHA-OXIDOEUDESM-11-EN-3-ALPHA-OL Rhizome
ALKALOIDS Root 2,100 2,400
ALPHA-CYPERONE Root 1,500 5,000
ALPHA-ROTUNOL Root
ARSENIC Rhizome 0.29
ASCORBIC-ACID Root 90
BETA-CYPERONE Rhizome
BETA-PINENE Root
BETA-ROTUNOL Root
BETA-SELINENE Root
CALCIUM Rhizome 3,180
CAMPHENE Root
COPAENE Root
COPPER Rhizome 10
CYPERENE Essential Oil
CYPERENONE Essential Oil
CYPEROL Essential Oil
CYPEROLONE Rhizome
CYPEROTUNDONE Essential Oil
D-COPADIENE Root
D-EPOXYGUAIENE Root
D-FRUCTOSE Root
D-GLUCOSE Root
EO Root 5,000 10,000
FLAVONOIDS Root 12,500
GAMMA-CYMENE Root
IRON Rhizome 430
ISOCYPEROL Rhizome
ISOKOBUSONE Rhizome
KOBUSONE Rhizome
LIMONENE Essential Oil
LINOLEIC-ACID Rhizome
LINOLENIC-ACID Rhizome
MAGNESIUM Rhizome 1,500
MANGANESE Rhizome 28
MUSTAKONE Root
MYRISTIC-ACID Rhizome
OLEANOLIC-ACID Tuber
OLEANOLIC-ACID-3-O-NEOHESPERIDOSIDE Tuber
OLEIC-ACID Rhizome
P-CYMOL Root
PATCHOULENONE Rhizome
PECTIN Root 37,200
POLYPHENOLS Root 16,200
POTASSIUM Rhizome 10,100
RESIN Root 42,100
ROTUNDENE Root
ROTUNDENOL Root
ROTUNDONE Root
SELINATRIENE Root
SITOSTEROL Root
SODIUM Rhizome 254
STARCH Root 92,000
STEARIC-ACID Rhizome
SUGARS Root 132,200 144,000
SUGENOL Rhizome
SUGEONOL Rhizome
SUGETRIOL Rhizome
ZINC Rhizome 33


============================================================
3.) Cyperus rotundus L. (CYPERACEAE) (SEDGE FAMILY)
"Purple nutsedge" "Sa'ad" "hasir" "si'd"
============================================================
source: Ghazanfar, S.A. 1994. CRC Handbook of Arabian Medicinal Plants. CRC
Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL. 265 pp.

Properties/Actions:
Anthelmintic, diuretic, febrifuge, galactagogue. Earache, bee stings,
bites, dysmenorrhea.

============================================================
4.) TIRIRICA Cyperus rotundus
============================================================
Properties/Actions:
Abdomen, Ache(Head), Ache(Stomach), Alterative, Amenorrhea, Analgesic,
Anodyne, Aphrodisiac, Astringent, Bactericide, Bite(Scorpion), Bladder,
Bowel, Cancer(Cervix), Carminative, Chest, Circulation, Cold, Congestion,
Demulcent, Depression, Diaphoretic, Diarrhea, Diuretic, Dysmenorrhea,
Dyspepsia, Edema, Emmenagogueue, Emollient, Energy, Fever, Fungistatic,
Gastralgia, Gravel, Hair-Tonic, Hemicrania, Hypertension, Impotency,
Inflammation, Lactogogue, Leucorrhea, Medicine, Menoxenia, Metritis,
Metroxenia, Perfume, Side, Sore, Stimulant, Stomach, Stomachic, Stone,
Tonic, Tranquilizer, Trauma, Tumor(Abdomen), Ulcer, Vasodilator, Vermifuge,
Virility, Wound


=============================================
5.) BALAKALPAM (PRODUCT NO 1 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
=============================================
Offers strong defence for infants and children. specially designed to
improve appetite, help digestion, stimulate growth in infants and children,
relieves constipation, corrects liver, protects liver, stimulates liver.
Takes care of all causative factors of infantile problems like abdominal
pain, colic spasms, fever, worms, diarrhoea, vomiting, distention of
abdomen, retention of urine, cold and bronchitis. Prevents nausea, vomiting
and infantile regurgitation.
INDICATION:
Complete tonic for children. Stomachic, laxative hepatic tonic & an
effective anthelmintic. Relieves cold, bronchitis, nausea, vomiting and
infantile regurgitation.
COMPOSITION : Each 15 ml is prepared out of.1

Cyperus rotundus Linn(Mustha) 750 mg
2 Aegele marmelos cor(Bilva) 500 mg
3 Nelumbo speciosa(Aravinda) 750 mg
4 Emblica officinalis(Amlaki) 500 mg
5 Vitis cinifera Linn(Draksha) 750 mg
6 Piper longum Linn(Pippali) 750 mg
7 Sida cordifolia Linn(Bala) 500 mg
8 Trachyspermum ammi roxb(Ajamoda) 750 mg
9 Eclipta alba Linn(Bringaraja) 750 mg
10 Myristica fragrans Houtt(Jatipatra) 250 mg
11 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume(Tvak) 250 mg
12 Elettaria cardamomum Maton(Ela) 250 mg
13 Mesua ferrea Linn(Nagakessara) 250 mg
14 Pogostemon sp.(Patra) 250 mg
15 Boerhaavia diffusa Linn(Punarnava) 500 mg
16 Tribulus terrestris Linn(Gokshura) 500 mg
17 Jaggery(Guda) 1250 mg
18 Honey(Madhu) 750 mg

DOSAGE: 2 teaspoons full twice or thrice a day or as directed by the
physician.
PRESENTATION: 200ml bottle pack.
PRODUCT EFFICACY:
A complete paediatric tonic.
Very safe and non habit forming.
Has anthelmintic properties.
Controls purges and tropical sprue.
Prevents nausea and vomiting.
Prevents infantile regurgitation.
============================================================

============================================================
6.) HEPATONE (PRODUCT NO 2 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
============================================================
A Hepato corrective, Hepato stimulant & Hepato protective, Hepatone offers
hepato protection through conservation of glutathione, the main protective
intracellular Sulfhydryl peptide of the hepatocytes. Maintains the Hepatic
parenchyma in healthy state, helps to regulate liver function like
detoxification of metabolic products hepato-toxins, prothrombin,
coagulation of blood, SGPT levels and albumin-globulin ratio etc., corrects
the impaired function within the liver, and also related manifestations
from poor appetite to stunted growth to chronic constipation.
INDICATION:
Viral Hepatitis, Liver-Cirrhosis, Infective hepatitis, Hepatitis with or
without jaundice, constipation, anorexia, stunted growth, malnutrition & as
a hepatic stimulant.
COMPOSITION : Each 10 ml is prepared out of.1 Desmodium trifloum
DC(Hamsapathi) 100 mg
2 Coriandrum sativum Linn(Dhanyaka) 100 mg
3 Zingiber officianale(Sunthi) 100 mg
4 Piper nigrum Linn(Maricha) 100 mg
5 Piper longum Linn(Pippali) 50 mg
6 Plumbago rosea Linn(Chitraka) 50 mg
7 Cyperus rotundus Linn(Mustha) 50 mg
8 Piper cubea Lin(Sugandha Maricha) 50 mg
9 Cuminum cyminum Linn(Jiraka) 20 mg
10 Phyllanthus amarus(Bhumya malaki) 20 mg
11 Picrorhiza kurroa Royle Ex Benth(Kutki) 20 mg

DOSAGE: 1-2 teaspoon twice/thrice daily or as directed by the physician.
PRESENTATION: Net 200ml & 100ml bottle packing syrup form.
PRODUCT EFFICACY:
A prohylactic and therapeutic treatment for liver.
Corrects liver cell insufficiency, protects liver cell efficiency.
Improves appetite and digestion.
Treats constipation.
Promotes growth.
Acts as a cholagouge

============================================================
7.) Cyperus rotundus L. / Healthcare Properties
============================================================
CYPERACEAE

Local Names: Mutha (Oriya), Bathakanda (Bhumia), Matasola (Kandha)

Description of the Plant: Herb. Flowers in July / August. Frequently occurs in plains and rarely
occurs in hilly areas.

Plant Parts Used: Tuber.

Healthcare Properties:
----------------------
Asthma: Boil with ghee the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g), the seeds of Piper nigrum (21 no), the
ginger (10 g), clove (5 g) and cumin seeds (5 g) for few minutes, then cool it to become a paste.
Take 10 ml of this paste each time thrice daily for 5 days with a little honey. (S-23) [OR-3-3-238]

Headache: Grind the tuber of Cyperus rotundus into a paste. Apply this paste on forehead only once
to relief from headache. (G-13) [OR-1-3-457]
Skin diseases (Itches or vagina): Grind the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g) into a paste. Apply this
paste on Itches area hear vagina once daily for 3 to 4 days. (D-4) [OR-2-2-1338]

Sores on head: Grind all the following into a paste: the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g), the leaves
and the tender leaves of Terminalia bellirica. Apply this paste on head before taking bath once daily
for 3 days. (D-4) [OR-2-2-1338] (or) Grind the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g) into a paste.
Apply this paste on head twice daily for 3 to 4 days. (F-1) [OR-3-3-177]

Worm infection: Grind together the leaves of Cyperus rotundus (7 no) with the entire plant of Cyper
rotundus (3 no) into a paste. Make tablets with this paste. Take one tablet each time orally thrice
daily for one to two days. (K-15) [OR-1-6-686]

============================================================
8.) The ameliorating effects of the cognitive-enhancing chinese herbs on
scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.
============================================================
Phytother Res 2000 Aug;14(5):375-7 Related Articles, Books

Hsieh MT, Peng WH, Wu CR, Wang WH

Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College,
Taiwan, R.O.C.

Ameliorating effects were investigated of the cognitive-enhancing Chinese
herbs administered orally for 1 week-Panax ginseng (PG), Panax notoginseng
(PNG), Dioscorea opposita (DO), Gastrodia elata (GE), Salvia miltiorrhiza
(SM), Acorus gramineus (AG), Coptis chinensis (CC), Polygonum multiflorum
(PM), Cyperus rotundus (CR) and Psoralea corylifolia (PC)-on the
scopolamine (SCOP)-induced amnesia by using a passive avoidance task in
rats. Of ten Chinese herbs, only PG, PNG, GE and CC prolonged the
SCOP-shortened STL. These results revealed that PG, PNG GE and CC
administered orally for 1 week improved the SCOP-induced learning and
memory deficit in rats. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

============================================================
9.) Rotundines A-C, three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids from Cyperus rotundus.
============================================================
J Nat Prod 2000 May;63(5):673-5 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Jeong SJ, Miyamoto T, Inagaki M, Kim YC, Higuchi R

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka,
812-8582, Japan.

Rotundines A (1), B (2), and C (3), three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids
with an unprecedented carbon skeleton, were isolated from the rhizomes of
Cyperus rotundus. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectral and
chemical methods.

============================================================
10.) Effect of feeding tagernut (Cyperus rotundus, L) meal on the performance of rabbits.
============================================================
Trop Anim Health Prod 1997 Feb;29(1):60-2 Related Articles, Books

Bamgbose AM, Nwokoro SO, Kudi AC, Bogoro S, Egbo ML, Kushwaha S

School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
============================================================
============================================================
11.) Antimalarial sesquiterpenes from tubers of Cyperus rotundus: structure of
10,12-peroxycalamenene, a sesquiterpene endoperoxide.
============================================================
Phytochemistry 1995 Sep;40(1):125-8 Related Articles, Books

Thebtaranonth C, Thebtaranonth Y, Wanauppathamkul S, Yuthavong Y

National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand.

Activity-guided investigation of Cyperus rotundus tubers led to the
isolation of patchoulenone, caryophyllene alpha-oxide,
10,12-peroxycalamenene and 4,7-dimethyl-1-tetralone. The antimalarial
activities of these compounds are in the range of EC50 10(-4)-10(-6) M,
with the novel endoperoxide sesquiterpene, 10,12-peroxycalamenene,
exhibiting the strongest effect at EC50 2.33 x 10(-6) M.

============================================================
12.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),Angelica sinensis
(Oliv.) Diels (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR), Ligusticum chuangxiong Hort (LC) and Peaonia
veitchii lynch (PV) on the
hemorheological changes in "blood stagnating" rats].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1994 Feb;19(2):108-10, 128 Related Articles,
Books

[Article in Chinese]

Xue JX, Yan YQ, Jiang Y

Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing.

The "blood stagnating" rat model was built with adrenaline and cold
stimulation. Its hemorrheological character was an increase in the
viscosity, thickness and liability to coagulate. The experimental result
showed that AM and TAS could decrease the whole blood specific viscosity,
but at the same time increase the plasma specific viscosity. The
qi-regulating drug CR and two blood-activating drugs LC and PV could
improve the hemorrheological changes in "blood stagnating" rats. The
combination of qi-regulating drugs and blood-activating drugs had more
favorable effect.

============================================================
13.) [Revision on the type of leaf trace bundles of Cyperus rotundus L].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1993 Nov;18(11):648-50, 702

[Article in Chinese]

Zhou FQ, Si M, Li JX

Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong College of TCM, Jinan.
============================================================
============================================================
14.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),tail of Angelica
sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR),Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (LC) and
Paeonia veitchii Lynch (PV) on the
hemorrheological changes in normal rats].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1993 Oct;18(10):621-3, 640 Related Articles,
Books

[Article in Chinese]

Xue JX, Jiang Y, Yan YQ

Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing.

The results showed that AM and TAS had significant effects of enriching the
blood. CR, a Qi-regulating drug, LC and PV, two blood-activating drugs,
could improve all hemorrheological indexes, such as the whole blood
specific viscosity, the plasma specific viscosity, erythrocyte
electrophoresis, etc. The combination of Qi-regulating drug and
blood-activating drug displayed more favorable effect. This experiment has
provided some pharmacological evidence for the theory of "Qi Xue Xiang
Guan" (correlation of vital energy with blood circulation) in traditional
Chinese medicine.


============================================================
15.) [Treatment of intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia of gastric
mucosa with xiao wei yan powder].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1992 Oct;12(10):602-3, 580 Related
Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Article in Chinese]

Liu XR, Han WQ, Sun DR

Qingdao TCM-WM Hospital.

138 cases of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 104 cases of atypical
hyperplasia (AH) of the gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis treated with
Xiao Wei Yan Powder (XWYP) were reported. The diagnoses were based on the
pathological examination of gastric antrum biopsy specimens. The cases were
randomly divided into treated group and control group. The XWYP contained
Smilax glabrae, Hedyotis diffusae, Taraxacum mongolicum, Caesalpinia
sappan, Paeonia alba, Cyperus rotundus, Bletilla striata, Glycyrrhiza
uralensis etc., and was prepared in powder form, taken orally 5-7g tid.
After 2-4 months of administration, gastroscopic and pathological
examinations were repeated. Results: In treated group, the total effective
rate of IM was 91.3% and that of the AH was 92.16%, while in control group,
they were 21.3% and 14.46% respectively (P < 0.01). It denoated that XWYP
had marked therapeutic effects for IM and AH. The animal experiments
revealed no toxic effect, so safety guarantee was provided for its clinical
application.


============================================================
16.) Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a
chloralkali plant. IV. Bioconcentration of mercury in in situ aquatic and
terrestrial plants at Ganjam, India.
============================================================
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1992 Feb;22(2):195-202 Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut

Lenka M, Panda KK, Panda BB

Department of Botany, Berhampur University, India.

In situ aquatic and terrestrial plants including a few vegetable and crop
plants growing in and around a chloralkali plant at Ganjam, India were
analyzed for concentrations of root and shoot mercury. The aquatic plants
found to bioconcentrate mercury to different degrees included Marsilea
spp., Spirodela polyrhiza, Jussiea repens, Paspalum scrobiculatam, Pistia
stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Hygrophila schulli, Monochoria hastata
and Bacopa monniera. Among wild terrestrial plants Chloris barbata, Cynodon
dactylon, Cyperus rotundus and Croton bonplandianum were found growing on
heavily contaminated soil containing mercury as high as 557 mg/kg. Analysis
of mercury in root and shoot of these plants in relation to the mercury
levels in soil indicated a significant correlation between soil and plant
mercury with the exception of C. bonplandianum. Furthermore, the tolerance
to mercury toxicity was highest with C. barbata followed by C. dactylon and
C. rotundus, in that order. The rice plants analyzed from the surrounding
agricultural fields did not show any significant levels of bioconcentrated
mercury. Of the different vegetables grown in a contaminated kitchen garden
with mercury level at 8.91 mg/kg, the two leafy vegetables, namely cabbage
(Brassica oleracea) and amaranthus (Amaranthus oleraceous), were found to
bioconcentrate mercury at statistically significant levels. The overall
study indicates that the mercury pollution is very much localized to the
specific sites in the vicinity of the chloralkali plant.

============================================================
17.) Antimalarial compounds containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety from Tanzanian
medicinal plants.
============================================================
Planta Med 1990 Aug;56(4):371-3 Related Articles, Books

Weenen H, Nkunya MH, Bray DH, Mwasumbi LB, Kinabo LS, Kilimali VA, Wijnberg JB

Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Pure compounds were isolated from plant extracts with antimalarial
activity. The extracts were obtained from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus L.
(Cyperaceae), the rootbark of Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild) Waterm.
(Rutaceae), and the rootbark of Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster
(Euphorbiaceae). The most active compounds included (IC50 within brackets):
alpha-cyperone (1) (5.5 micrograms/ml), N-isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (2)
(5.4 micrograms/ml), and securinine (3) (5.4 micrograms/ml). A mixture of
autoxidation products of beta-selinene was found to be the most active
antimalarial substances obtained from C. rotundus (5.6 micrograms/ml.

============================================================
18.) Antimalarial activity of Tanzanian medicinal plants.
============================================================
Planta Med 1990 Aug;56(4):368-70 Related Articles, Books

Weenen H, Nkunya MH, Bray DH, Mwasumbi LB, Kinabo LS, Kilimali VA

Department of Chemistry, Unversity of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Tanzanian medicinal plants were extracted and tested for in vitro
antimalarial activity, using the multidrug resistant K1 strain of
Plasmodium falciparum. Of 49 plants investigated, extracts of three plants
were found to have an IC50 between 5-10 micrograms/ml, extracts of 18 other
plants showed an IC50 between 10 and 50 micrograms/ml, all others were less
active. The three most active extracts were obtained from the tubers of
Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae), the rootbark of Hoslundia opposita Vahl.
(Labiatae), and the rootbark of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae).

============================================================
19.) Effect of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus Linn) on reserpine-induced emesis in pigeons.
============================================================
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1988 Jul-Sep;32(3):229-30 Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut

Shinde S, Phadke S, Bhagwat AW

Publication Types:
Letter
============================================================
============================================================
20.) Pharmacological studies to isolate the active constituents from Cyperus
rotundus possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities.
============================================================
Indian J Med Res 1971 Jan;59(1):76-82 Related Articles, Books

Gupta MB, Palit TK, Singh N, Bhargava KP
============================================================
============================================================
21.) Characterization of ferredoxin from nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L., and
other species with a high photosynthetic capacity.
============================================================
Arch Biochem Biophys 1970 Dec;141(2):676-89 Related Articles, Books

Lee SS, Travis J, Black CC Jr
============================================================
============================================================
22.) A pharmacological study of Cyperus rotundus.
============================================================
Indian J Med Res 1970 Jan;58(1):103-9 Related Articles, Books

Singh N, Kulshrestha VK, Gupta MB, Bhargava KP
============================================================
============================================================
23.) CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. ROOT OIL
============================================================
Synonyms : CYPERIOL (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. OIL); CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. ROOT
OIL; CYPERUS ROOT OIL (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS); CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. OIL;
CYPERUS OIL (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. OIL);
Odor Description : Woody Cassie Boronia Violet Tea
Appearence : Amber Viscous Liquid
NAFTA H. # : 3301.29.6000
FEMA # : 0
Specific Gravity : N/A
Refractive Index : N/A
Melting Point : N/A
Boiling Point : N/A
Blends Well With : Clove Bud; Clary Sage; Oakmoss; Mimosa; Violet;
Soluble in : ;
Insoluble in : ;
Some Perfumery Uses : ;

Back to Information List. Information Only. Not offered by TGSC.

Description : Among the other Cyperus species which grow in tropical and semi tropical regions all
over the world, only a few have caught the perfumer's interest: Oil of Cyperus Rotundus is steam
distilled from the rootlets of a grass which grows in China, India, Japan and scattered over parts of
Sudan south of Sahara. Cyperus Rotundus Oil is a yellowish or amber to dark orange brown or pale
yellow brown viscous liquid. Its odor is quite interesting. The topnote is almost woody, resembling
cassie and boronia with a violet like or tea like Warmth. The odor becomes drier and more woody,
borneole like, camphor like but it remains faintly floral throughout the long lasting dryout. There are
some facts which confirm the possibility of confusion of this oil With vetiver oil from certain parts of
Africa.


============================================================
24.) POSSIBILITIES OF SOIL SOLARIZATION FOR THE ERRADICATION OF Cyperus
rotundus L. AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF SALINE SOILS
============================================================
E. LÓPEZ. Servicio de Investigación Agraria. DGA.

Apdo 727. E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain.


Soil solarization has proved to be an effective non-chemical soil desinfection method in different
areas of the world. Lack of water and unsuitable climate are the most important constraints in its use.
The possibility of soil solarization in irrigated areas of the Ebro Valley (Spain) was assessed from soil
temperature data.

The use of Fourier Analysis, a mathematical method for the study of periodic phenomena, provided
good predictions of soil temperature in solarized soils during 1991 to 1994. The sinusoidal equations
obtained with the data of the first week of solarization allowed the estimation temperatures for the
studied solarization periods at 10 and 20 cm depths. The validity of these sinusoidal equations for
representing the observed temperature data of the total solarization period was also demonstrated.

The effect of soil solarization, alone or combined with an application of glyphosate, on the control of
Cyperus rotundus was also investigated in naturally infested soils in the Ebro Valley. In those
experiments solarization increased the average hourly temperatures to 10-14 ºC, 12 ºC and 6 ºC at
10, 20 and 30 cm soil depths respectively. In 1991, soil solarization for 11 weeks controlled several
weed species, but not C. rotundus. In this year the application of glyphosate at 720 g/ha after soil
solarization reduced purple nutsedge density by 87.5 %, but the reduction was only of 30.5 % if the
soil was not previously solarized. In the 1993 experiment, solarization for either 6 or 10 weeks
reduced nutsedge density by 79 % and 76 %, one and 10 months after the end of soil solarization
treatments, respectively. The postemergence application of glyphosate did not improve purple
nutsedge control in the solarized plots. Experiments carried out in artificially infested microplots with
C. rotundus showed that solarization for one or two months delayed the development of new
tubers.

The effect of soil solarization on the salinization of soils subjected to shallow saline groundwaters was
also studied. The experiment was conducted in ferroconcrete microplots in which a static water table
was imposed at a depth of 60 cm from the soil surface. In 1993, the EC values in the 0-50 cm
profile at the end of the solarization period were not different if the soil was solarized for one or two
months, but these EC values were 50 % lower than those from non-solarized plots. In 1994,
differences between the treatments were higher, resulting in a significant reduction of salinity in
solarized soils. This fact allowed a great increase in the yield of Borago officinalis L. grown in the
solarized plots after the solarization period.

============================================================
25.) Control Of Nut Grass (Cyperus Rotundus) In Asparagus
============================================================
P. Sanders and A. Rahman AgResearch, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Hamilton

ABSTRACT

Several herbicides were tested for selective control of nut grass in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)
over two growing seasons. The soil residual herbicides terbuthylazine, terbumeton, hexazinone,
diuron or their mixtures had little effect against nut grass when applied pre-emergence. EPTC
delayed emergence of nut grass for up to 8 weeks, with no suppressive effect after that. Norflurazon
caused considerable phytotoxic damage on the leaves but gave only a small reduction in plant
numbers. Bromacil reduced plant numbers and tuber production to low levels. The addition of
glyphosate or imazapyr at the end of the asparagus harvest season improved control of nut grass
compared with bromacil pre-emergence used alone. Not all herbicides tested are registered on
asparagus.

Keywords: asparagus, chemical control, Cyperus rotundus, nut grass, nutsedge


INTRODUCTION

Described by Holm et al. (1977) as the world’s worst weed, nut grass (Cyperus rotundus) has not
had a big impact on cropping in New Zealand until recently. This weed is a sedge, native to India,
and is often known by names of nutsedge or purple nutsedge. The plant has dark green leaves and a
triangular stem that carries the terminal loose umbel inflorescence which is reddish to purple brown in
colour. The fibrous root system with its extensively branching slender rhizomes gives rise to the
important characteristic feature of the plant viz. the many tubers that develop at 5 - 25 cm intervals
along the rhizomes. The tubers are usually found in the top 15 cm of the soil profile but can be as
deep as 40 cm. Seed production can occur but is thought to be very rarely responsible for the
spread of the weed.

Nut grass was first recorded in New Zealand by Cheeseman in 1883 and is now distributed
throughout most of the North Island from Northland to Wellington and also Nelson and Motueka
(Healy and Edgar 1980). Hilgendorf (1948) described some early North Auckland orchards as
being ruined by this weed. In recent years nut grass has spread into the arable lands of the Bay of
Plenty, particularly affecting maize crops, and in some asparagus crops in the Hawkes Bay and
Waikato. The spread is associated with the movement of tubers and appears to have been abetted
by the use of contract growing of field crops with large machines travelling from site to site. Nut
grass is capable of vigorous competition in all crops resulting in large losses of yield (Holm et al.
1977). Nut grass has demonstrated allelopathic properties in some trials, but these have not been
widely observed in the field (Parsons and Cuthbertson 1992).

Residual herbicides such as bromacil, EPTC and norfluazon are known to provide some control of
nut grass (Parsons and Cuthbertson 1992; Sheinbaum 1985). New Zealand is one of the few
asparagus production areas world wide using bromacil as a selective herbicide (Rahman and
Sanders 1983). Several other selective and non-selective herbicides have been used overseas with
varying success for control of nut grass (Hawton et al. 1992; Paxman et al. 1985; Siriwardana and
Nishimoto 1987). This paper describes our results with some promising herbicide treatments for
control of nut grass in asparagus over the last two growing seasons


MATERIALS AND METHODS

The trial site was in a 10 year old block of asparagus cv. UC157 located near Matamata. A severe
infestation of nut grass had developed over the entire block, possibly originating from an earlier
infested maize crop. Winter cultivation to bury asparagus fern trash and for general weed control
(and inadvertent spread of nut grass) had been done each year for the life of the crop except for the
winter of 1994. Thus soil disturbance which may have affected weeds and tuber distribution within
the soil profile, did not take place during the trial period.

Selective herbicides available for use in asparagus were reviewed and, from this list, potential
treatments were selected for comparison with standard residual herbicides (Table 1) viz. bromacil
(Hyvar), bromacil + diuron (Krovar 1), terbuthylazine + terbumeton (Caragard) and terbuthylazine +
diuron (Fenican). Additional treatments were EPTC, (Eradicane Super), hexazinone (Velpar),
imazapyr (Arsenal), glyphosate (Roundup) and norflurazon (Solicam). Treatments were applied
either as crop pre-emergence only (first week of September 1993 and 1994) or as a close up
treatment (end of asparagus harvesting and beginning of fern stage) in December 1993 and 1994. All
treatments applied at close up had a pre-emergence application of bromacil at 1.6 kg/ha for general
weed control at the start of each harvesting season.

Herbicides were applied with a precision plot sprayer in 300 litres/ha water at a pressure of 215
kPa. Plot size was 6 x 6 m and there were four replicates in a randomised block design. Regular
assessments were made of phytotoxic damage to nut grass shoots, ground cover and initiation of
flowering. Plant density of plots was determined by plant counts in 0.1 m2 quadrats at two randomly
selected sites. At the end of the season, fern stems were counted (three rows of 2 m each) to assess
treatment effects on the asparagus. After the nut grass foliage had died back and the ferns were
mulched, two soil samples were collected (31.5.94) from each plot to a depth of 300 mm using a 75
mm diameter corer. The numbers and dry weight of tubers were measured from the washed
samples.

Other competitive weeds present in the trial area were controlled with herbicides known to have no
significant effect on either nut grass or asparagus.


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The terbuthylazine/diuron mixture showed little or no effect on the growth of nut grass (Table 1), and
is used in this trial for comparative purposes as the treatment that provided the least control.

TABLE 1: Number of nut grass plants/m2 counted at various times in the two growing seasons of
the trial.

Treatment (Pre-E) Rate First Second
(kg ai/ha) growing season growing season
30.11.93 12.1.94 5.4.94 17.11.94 13.1.95 14.3.95

----------------------------------------------------

terbuthylazine/ 2.6/2.6 550 2000 1241 1649 1013 1994
diuron
norflurazon 4.0 283 1625 916 804 796 1163
EPTC 6.0 72 1500 968 869 305 465
bromacil/diuron 2.4/2.4 370 538 603 320 351 389
bromacil 1.6 222 243 343 235 388 581
bromacil 4.0 237 328 364 134 85 104
bromacil/ 1.6/2.16 267 105 244 138 93 108
glyphosatea
bromacil/imazapyra 1.6/0.25 277 48 143 119 131 15
imazapyr 0.6 32 58 94 114 368 734
SED 122 179 150 200 113 152

---------------------------------------------------

a Treatment applied at close up (December).

Hexazinone, the low rate of norflurazon (2 kg/ha) and the mixture of terbuthylazine plus terbumeton
also had little effect on nut grass and are not tabulated. Norflurazon, which has provided satisfactory
control of yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus) in asparagus in USA (Agamalian 1995), gave only a
minor reduction in the growth of nut grass resulting in plant numbers of about 50% of the
terbuthylazine/diuron mixture (Table 1) and ground cover approaching 100% towards the end of
both growing seasons (Table 2). Norflurazon in mixture with a low rate of glyphosate (1.44 kg/ha)
applied at close up (not tabulated) also did not provide long term control. EPTC restricted plant
establishment until the beginning of November, but its effects disappeared afterwards, resulting in
complete ground cover by the end of the season (Table 2). Poor weed control by the EPTC
treatment combined with its poor activity against nut grass resulted in a serious weed problem and
high numbers of nut grass. Application of EPTC at close up was also evaluated (not tabulated). It
resulted in a small reduction in plant numbers, ground cover and tuber numbers, but the mechanical
process of incorporating the EPTC was impractical and also caused some crop damage.

TABLE 2: Ground cover (%) of nut grass at various times in the two growing seasons and the
numbers and dry weight of tubers from soil samples.

Treatment Rate Nut grass ground cover (%) Tuber
(Pre-E) (kg ai/ha) First season Second season (No./) (g/m2)
23.12.93 5.4.94 12.12.94 14.3.95 31.5.94 31.5.94

---------------------------------------------------

terbuthylazine/ 2.6/2.6 86 100 94 100 4980 1117
diuron
norflurazon 4.0 55 98 73 100 2490 550
EPTC 6.0 38 100 70 100 4103 877
bromacil/diuron 2.4/2.4 45 76 40 68 2688 515
bromacil 1.6 25 45 40 75 2066 429
bromacil 4.0 28 35 17 16 1839 306
bromacil/ 1.6/2.16 8 38 26 15 1302 218
glyphosatea
bromacil/ 1.6/0.25 15 23 25 1 1669 342
imazapyra
imazapyr 0.6 2 8 15 96 2094 447
SED 10 15 10 11 930 195


a Treatment applied at close up (December).

Imazapyr applied pre-emergence reduced nut grass plant numbers and ground cover in the first
season to about 10% of that recorded in the terbuthylazine/diuron treatment, but tuber numbers at
the end of the season were still relatively high (Table 2). Efficacy of this treatment was much lower in
the second season as shown by plant numbers (Table 1) and ground cover (Table 2) data recorded
on 14.3.95. However, use of imazapyr at close up over bromacil treatment applied pre-emergence
was very effective in reducing the plant density and ground cover of nut grass. It must be mentioned
here that imazapyr is not registered for use in any food crop as yet and is known to kill asparagus
plants on contact with the foliage.

Bromacil as a pre-emergence treatment showed a good level of suppressive activity against nut grass
during the season, reducing plant numbers to less than half that of the terbuthylazine/diuron mixture.
The highest rate of 4.0 kg/ha provided the best results overall. Control of nut grass by bromacil was
augmented with the post emergence use of glyphosate at close up. A single application of glyphosate
at 2.16 kg/ha applied in December was better than split applications at 1.44 kg/ha applied in
November and again in December (not tabulated). However a few new plants continued to emerge
after each application. The treatments that provided good control of nut grass were even more
effective in the second season after the repeat treatment application. Number and dry weight of
tubers in winter were strongly correlated (R=0.92) between the two parameters. There was also a
high correlation of tuber weights with plant numbers counted on 17.11.94 (R=0.72) and with the nut
grass ground cover assessment made on 12.12.94 (R=0.72).

The time at which nut grass flowering starts is indicative of the stress the plants are under. Flowering
had not started by 12.1.94 in plots treated with imazapyr or in 31 of the 32 plots which received
pre-emergence treatment of bromacil. In the second season also, flowering was delayed by the
highest rate of bromacil (4.0 kg/ha) and the two treatments in which glyphosate had been applied
post-emergence. Leaf damage varied over the season with plant density, age and cold weather.
There were effects following application of treatments which were usually short lived until new plants
established. Only the norflurazon treatments caused damage in the form of yellowing of the leaves
which lasted for the season, although it did not seriously affect the growth of nut grass (Table 3).

TABLE 3: Percentage of nut grass leaf damage at various times and the numbers of asparagus fern
stems counted/10 m of row length.

Treatment Rate Nut grass damage (%) Ferns
(Pre-E) (kg ai/ha) First season Second season (No./10 m)
30.11.93 12.1.94 12.12.94 13.1.95 30.5.94 3.5.95


terbuthylazine/ 2.6/2.6 1 0 25 53 112 153
diuron
norflurazon 4.0 65 18 78 63 144 166
EPTC 6.0 1 0 35 89 99 119
bromacil/diuron 2.4/2.4 23 0 55 16 163 209
bromacil 1.6 30 0 26 8 163 164
bromacil 4.0 46 10 75 18 170 245
bromacil/ 1.6/2.16 26 0 31 65 190 164
glyphosatea
bromacil/ 1.6/0.25 28 23 23 79 171 177
imazapyra
imazapyr 0.6 5 4 23 0 208 181
SED 7 11 10 9 29 32

----------------------------------------------

a Treatment applied at close up (December).

Fern stem counts were made near the end of each season to check the effects of treatments on the
asparagus crop (Table 3). The combination of poor control of nut grass and poor overall weed
control by EPTC affected the crop to give the lowest fern counts. High fern numbers on 30.5.94
were recorded in treatments that had good weed control, eg. the two high rates of bromacil which
were quite effective on nut grass. Fern numbers (30.5.94) were highly negatively correlated with the
nut grass ground cover (R= -0.67) and plant numbers (R= -0.61) (5.4.94).

Results from this study show good activity on nut grass by some of the herbicides registered for use
in asparagus in New Zealand. The combination of bromacil applied pre-emergence followed by
glyphosate at close up provided a satisfactory control of nut grass using products with which
growers are familiar. With commitment and a fastidious follow up programme of spot spraying, it
may be possible to reduce the weed infestation to low levels. Eradication of nut grass in asparagus
will depend on how deep the tubers are present in the soil, their longevity and dormancy
characteristics.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank Bruce Stanley for his support in providing the trial site and willing cooperation in the
management of the asparagus crop.


REFERENCES

Agamalian, H.S., 1995. Evaluation of norflurazon for the control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus
esculentus). Proc. 8th Int. Asparagus Symposium, Palmerston North, N.Z. (in press).

Hawton, D., Howitt, C.J. and Johnson, I.D.G., 1992. A comparison of methods for the control of
Cyperus rotundus L. Tropical Pest Management 38: 305-309.

Healy, A.J. and Edgar, E., 1980. Cyperaceae. Pp 189-190 In: Flora of New Zealand Vol III;
Government Printer, Wellington New Zealand.

Hilgendorf F.W., 1948. Family Cyperaceae. Pp53-54 In: Weeds of New Zealand and How to
Eradicate Them;. Revised by Calder, J.W. Fourth Edition; Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd., New
Zealand.

Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. and Herberger, J.P.,1977. Cyperus rotundus. Pp 8-24
In: The World’s Worst Weeds, University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu.

Parsons, W.T. and Cuthbertson, E.G., 1992. Nutgrass. Pp57-61 In: Noxious weeds of Australia;
Inkata Press, Melbourne. Sydney, Australia.

Paxman, P., Annand, A.M., Lee, S.C., Orwick, P.L. and Peoples, T.R., 1985. The imidazolinone
herbicides. Proc. 38th N.Z. Weed and Pest Control Conf.: 73-77.

Rahman, A. and Sanders, P., 1983. Residual herbicides for weed control in established asparagus.
Proc. 36th N. Z. Weed and Pest Control Conf.: 136-139.

Sheinbaum, Y., 1985. Control of Cyperus rotundus and annual weeds in cotton with norflurazon.
Phytoparasitica. 13:259-260.

Siriwardana, G.D. and Nishimoto, R.K., 1987. Low rates of glyphosate for management of Cyperus
rotundus L. Symp. of 11th Asian-Pacific Weed Sci. Soc. Conf.: 63-71.



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Produced by Dr. Jose Lapenta R. Dermatologist
Maracay Estado Aragua Venezuela 2.000
Torre Maracay Las Delicias
Phone/Telf: 043-328571, 043-327287 Cel: 016-6401054
============================================================