Book Proposal

Fluids and Mechanics

Field: Fluid Mechanics
Author:
            Dr David Ward
            Via Fornari 46
            20146 Milan
            Italy
            Tel.( home): 02-48705457
            email: [email protected]

Rationale
While researching for my PhD it became apparent that many books dedicated to fluid mechanics were born out of academic experience i.e. they were fundamentally written by pure academics for engineering undergraduates or post-graduates.
Consequently there are very few books truly written by and for people with a practical fluids problem to be solved or a concept to be revised or understood, whether these be students, self-learners, scientists or professional engineers.
There are also parts of fluid mechanics that continue to be taught using a typical hierarchical and pure mathematical-analytical approach that inevitably leads to conducting the reader away from the practical side of this science, a good example are the N-S equations and the vortex equations. The author therefore proposes a building block approach so that the N-S equations can be assembled and disassembled (simplified) according to the type of flow, boundary conditions and assumptions.
Another defect with present texts is that the writing style is aimed at those with or are about to acquire a strong academic preparation in engineering, especially mechanical, civil and chemical engineering.

Brief Resumè:
Mechanical Engineer with broad multi-disciplinary work background spanning several diverse industries. 20+ year experience in both the private and public sectors with particular focus on R & D, Advanced Product Design and Product Engineering. I have worked in the vacuum industry, aeronautical industry, electro-medical equipment sector.
I am actually working in the domestic appliance industry as Senior Project Leader in the R & D dept. of Whirlpool Europe and working on joint R & D and Engineering assignments, including cooking and washing projects. I am also a freelance writer and president of the Open University Students Association for Northern Italy.

Previous Publications:

Ward et al., Microelectronic Sensor for the Measurement of Shear Stress within a Domestic Washing Machine Drum, IMAPS’99, Milan, Italy, July 1999.
Ward et al., Remote Measurement and Monitoring of Critical Washing Process Data directly inside the Washing machine drum, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference , Baltimore Hilton and Towers, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, May, 1999
Ward et al., Numerical Simulation of a Rectangular-section Water Duct equipped with Small Block Shear Stress Probes. CAPI’99, University of Milan, Italy, Nov., 1999.
Ward D., Modelling of a Horizontal–Axis Domestic Washing Machine, Journal of the Textile Institute, Vol. 91, Part 1, No. 2, 2000.
Bocchiola, D., Menduni, G., Viterbo, M., Ward D., La Misura dell’Attrito di Parete tramite Sonde di Pressione (una Rassegna ed una Proposta) “Measuring Skin Friction with Pressure Probes (An Overview and Proposal)”, ACQUA – Italian Journal of Hydraulics, June 2000.
Ward D., PhD Thesis, Hydrodynamic effects on Soiled Surfaces: An Experimental Analysis and Theoretical Approach, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK, Nov. 2000.
Ward et al., Remote Measurement And Monitoring Of Critical Washing Parameters Inside A Domestic Washing Machine, NIDays2000, National Instruments, Annual Italian Data Acquisition conference, Milan, Italy, Nov. 2000

Most recent paper:

Ward D., and Conrad D., Wash Load Motion: A Theoretical Approach And Experimental Analysis, paper accepted for he IATC Conference, USA, 2001

Pipeline papers/articles
A Novel Remote Measurement And Monitoring System for the Measurement of Critical Washing Parameters Inside a Domestic Washing Machine. This paper is under review by Prof. Grattan, International Measurement and Control Journal, London.
I am also preparing a seven part series for Artech Publishing House regarding glass technology in the appliance industry, The first article will be published in Feb. 2002.

Estimated length of book:
Approximately 400 pages + 15 chapters + 130 figures + 70 photographs/illustrations

Status (Jan.. 2001):
One chapter (chapter 1) underway
see also planning attached

Planning:
Estimated time to complete book 1: approx. 36 months.
Book 2: 10-12 months depending on number of examples.
Book 3: 10-12 months.

Suggested Reviewers:
Dr W. Kennedy, Dept. of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, The Open University, UK.
other reviewers are available on request.
External reviewers i.e. those proposed by the publisher are very welcome.

Market
The principle market concerns not only engineering students especially undergraduates, but also self-learners and engineering professionals.
The second market involves academics, scientists and post-graduates.

Software
Software: For the time being no SW is planned for any of the three books although book 2 in particular lends itself very well for this purpose.

Internet and eBooks
Downloadable version is also possible although writing style and presentation would need to change. This (electronic) version of the book would be chapter driven with each chapter acting as a building block.

Preamble
The proposed book is the first of three books dealing with fluid mechanics. A brief description of the three books is provided below:

1. The first text is a fundamentals or introductory textbook suitable for any engineering subject where fluids are studied, it is especially indicated for mechanical, chemical and civil engineering students and professionals.
2. A FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions), Problem Solving and Solutions book for those who need to solve fluids problems fast, efficiently and effectively.
3. A measurements book aimed at applying knowledge gained in books 1 and 2 and delivering the necessary information to understand, monitor and control situations where fluids behaviour is the key.

Book one is especially aimed at students, professional engineers, scientists and others that need not only to grasp the major principles behind this fascinating subject but also subsequently apply them with confidence and effectiveness in the real world. The book will therefore appeal to a broad audience ranging from the self-learner to the academic.
The book will be topic driven, i.e. chapters will be stand-alone so that the reader can assemble the topics as is required, at his or her own pace, and use them as everyday tools.
The level of treatment will be extensive going from a simple down-to-earth approach for practical problem solving to a qualitative and quantitative explanation suitable up to the start of post-graduate study.
The author assumes only a minimum amount of mathematical knowledge although a basic understanding of calculus and modelling is certainly beneficial. The author emphasises the need to learn by experimentation and becoming aware of the physics involved in fluids behaviour.
The book will include selected worked examples that are supplemented in book 2.
The scope of book 2 is to illustrate efficiently and effectively the application of the fundamentals given in book 1. Rather than provide a simple 'student solutions manual', book two tackles fluids problems in three ways:

1. Problem solving: the reader is first shown how a fluids problem should be undertaken. Starting from defining the problem, i.e. what is known or assumed and what is needed, and illustrating how to apply the science of fluid mechanics before finally discussing the results.
2. A selection of problems and solutions are explained that follow the problem solving techniques described previously.
3. FAQ are developed and answered in a rapid and concise format.

Finally book 3 takes the reader through the various measurement techniques that can be used in fluids measurements. The emphasis here is on experimentation and using reliable and simple instruments to quantify and qualify fluids behaviour.

Competition and Related Books

Bear J., Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, Dover, 1988.

Excellent reference text for fluid flow through porous media, good practical examples of building and testing simple prototypes with emphasis on both theory and practise.

Bradshaw P., Experimental Fluid Mechanics, Pergamon Press, 1970.
Brodkey R.S., The Phenomena of Fluid Motions, Dover, 1995.

At the time of the first issue this was a pioneering book as it combines and includes not only fluids behaviour but also non-Newtonian and multiphase flow. A good starting point for understanding turbulence and mixing (ch.14) and a rare book that discusses what happens to the boundary layer when flow is initialised (ch.9). Recommended also for the discussion on non-Newtonian and rheology (ch.15).

Constantinescu V. N., Laminar Viscous Flow, Springer & Velag, 1995.

Similar to White's text but dedicated to laminar flow. Excellent example of a quality printed publication. Good reference book and recommended to academics and post graduates.

Doebelin E., Measurement systems, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1990.

An excellent reference text for measurements in general but requires more focus on fluid mechanics measurements. Good foundation textbook for book 3. Requires more detail concerning data acquisition theory and systems as shown by Goldstein.

Engineering Mechanics: Solids and Fluids, Course T331, The Open University, UK, 1992.
Fogiel M., REA's Problem Solvers - Transport Phenomena, pp. 265-267, 1993.

A very good example of showing the application and implication of using standard engineering solutions to fluids problems. However, graphics are minimal, knowledge of fluid mechanics is assumed and very little background is provided. This book is an excellent example for book 2 but requires better presentation.

Fox R. and McDonald A., Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, J. Wiley and Sons, 1994.
Gerhart P.,Gross R., Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1985.
Goldstein R. J., Fluid Mechanics Measurements, 2nd Edition, Taylor and Francis, 1998.

A more specialised fluids measurements book than Doebelin, very well laid out and illustrated but more for academics and research scientists than students or self-learners. Good reference book for papers.

Heat and Mass Transfer, De Witt and Incoprera

Probably one of the best books on heat and mass transfer available today. The authors provide an excellent problem solving approach backed up with the necessary H & MT tools needed to solve real world problems. Very good starting point for the problem solving approach mentioned in book 2 with a good structured approach that also resembles what I have in mind for book 1. The only criticism is that a problems and solutions book is not available and the worked examples provided are too few.

Henderson F.M., Open Channel Flow, Macmillan Co.
Johnston P. R., A Survey of Test Methods in Fluid Filtration, Gulf Publishing Comp., 1995.

This text shows the practical side of filtration flow but is lacking in explaining the theoretical background.

Introduction to Thermofluid Mechanics, Course T333, The Open University, UK, 1992.

Typical OU text and based on the previous H & MT (De Witt) textbook. Excellent examples and questions. Recommended for the self-learner and first time students but does not cover all major aspects of fluid mechanics.

Klaf A. A., Calculus Refresher, Dover Publishing Company, New Year, 1956

Dealing with Calculus is not the easiest of tasks for students and self-learners so this book is a bit unusual as it offers a no-nonsense questions and answers path to understanding, applying and refreshing your knowledge of Calculus. This book could be seen as the forerunner to the FAQs now common in internet and is what I have in mind for part of book 2.

Middleman S., An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics – Principles of Analysis and Design, J. Wiley & Sons, 1998.

This text is a good starting point for modelling and for explaining the basics behind fluid mechanics. Excellent print and illustration quality.

Munson, Young, Okishi, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, J. Wiley & Sons, 3rd ed., 1996.

A modern text for students up to introductory post-graduate study. I particularly like the layout and illustrations mostly produced in colour on quality paper. A must for the self-learner and practising engineer, and sold at the right price.

Prandtl L. and Tietjens O. G., Fundamentals of Hydro and Aeromechanics, Dover, 1934.

A dated text but still occasionally referenced even today. A descriptive approach is used to explain the behaviour of fluids. Written by one of Prandtl's students and produced by Dover at the right price.

Rouse H., Elementary Mechanics of Fluids, Dover Publishing Company, New Year, 1945.

Dover books are renowned for value-for-money texts and although this book is a bit dated in style it is nonetheless neatly laid out with a solid background to the boundary layer. The various descriptions of empirical laws put together by academics to describe the boundary layer is a recommended read.

Schlichting H., Boundary Layer Theory, 4th edition, McGraw Hill, 1960.

Still one of the most referenced books concerning the boundary layer but inaccessible for most non-academics because of the powerful writing style and depth of knowledge i.e. the theory tends to obscure the practical.

Sedov L. I., Similarity and Dimensional Methods in Mechanics, MIR Publ. Moscow, 1982

Russian manuscripts are renowned for their clarity, conciseness and cost-effectiveness and this book is no exception. It is an excellent short text written suitable more for mechanical engineers but with examples applied to fluids.

Sherman F., Viscous Flow, McGraw-Hill, 1990.

Widely referenced book, excellent explanation of flow theory especially the types of flow (e.g. Couette, Pipe, Plate flow etc.). It is a good academic book, neatly structured but indicated for post graduate study.

Van Dyke M, An Album of Fluid Motion, pp.92-94, Parabolic Press, Stanford, 1982.

A wonderful collection of flow motion illustrations but looking dated because of the extensive use of B & W photographs. A valid starting point for book 1 pictures and illustrations.

Vardy, University of Dundee, Chapman, UK.

The only book I know that discusses the properties of air and water, the two most common fluids, in a simple straight forward fashion using formulae and graphs. Very rich read.

White F. W., Viscous Fluid Flow, McGraw–Hill, 1991.

Widely referenced book, excellent explanation of flow theory and summary of empirical findings. Good academic book especially for final year students post graduate study.

Williams J. A., Engineering Tribology, ch. 7, Oxford Science Publications, 1993.

Tribology is not the easiest of subjects, especially as the science is young and mostly unknown, hence this book is appealing and welcome for newcomers.
The book also shows applications of fluid mechanics in bearings.

Young A. D., Boundary Layers, BSP Professional Books, UK, 1989

Inferior to Schlichting but a good and recommended read for final year students or post graduates. It also has the advantage of being a thorough yet at the same time economic (paperback) textbook.

List of Contents
                                                                                                          Pages     Figs Picts
1. Introduction                                                                                        35         8         4
- Preface
- Fluids and Mechanics: A strange cocktail
- Using this textbook
- Examples of Historical fluid mechanics and Contributors
- Classification of Fluid Flows
- Laminar, Transition and Turbulent flows
- 2D and 3D flows
- Pipe-duct flow
- Flow over immersed bodies
- Open-channel flow
- Incompressible and compressible flows
- Fundamental laws
- Conservation of Mass
- Conservation of Energy
- Newton's Laws (2nd law of Motion)
- 1st Law of Thermodynamics
- 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
2. Fluids and Their Properties                                                                 30          10         5
- Definition of Fluid and Continua (rhelogy link)
- The complete picture
- Compressibility and Incompressibility
- Density and Specific weight
- Viscosity (and the no-slip condition)
- Pressure
- Temperature
- Thermodynamic properties
- Surface tension
3. Fluid Pressure                                                                                      20         5         3
- Normal stress
- Pascal's law
- Hydrostatic pressure
- Buoyancy
4. Fluid Shear and the Boundary Layer                                                   50         16         8
- Fluid shear and the Boundary layer
- Types of flow: Hagen-Poiseuille, Couette, Unsteady duct etc. flows
- Laminar flows
- Turbulent flows
- Application of fluid shear
- Three dimensional flows
- Definition and qualitative description of the boundary layer
- Inside the boundary layer
- Laws governing the boundary layer
- The boundary layer tool kit
5. Navier-Stokes Equations                                                                     25        10        4
- Building the N-S equations from Newton's 2nd Law
- Stripping down the Equations of Navier Stokes
- Application of the N-S equations
- CFD and the N-S equations
6. Continuity Equation                                                                             20         4         2
- Conservation of mass
- Control volume analysis
- Deriving the continuity equation
- Fixed, non-conforming control volume
- Moving, non-conforming control volume
7. Linear Momentum                                                                               20         4         5
- Newton's 2nd Law
- Deriving the linear momentum equation
- Application of the linear momentum equation
- Deriving the moment of momentum equation
- Application of the linear of momentum equation
8. Moment of Momentum                                                                        25         5         3
- General form of the Moment of Momentum Equation
- Uni-axial and One-dimensional Flows
- Angular Momentum
- Application of the moment of momentum equation
9. Bernoulli Equations                                                                             30         5         5
- Derivation of the Bernoulli Equation
- Energy version of the B. E.
- Pressure version of the B.E.
- Application of the Bernoulli equation
10. Energy                                                                                                20         5         6
- General form of the energy equation
- Differential form of the energy equation
- Uni-axial one-dimensional flows
- Applications of the energy equation
11. Inviscid and Potential flows                                                               30         10         5
- Inviscid flow
- Euler's equation of Motion
- Bernoulli equation for irrotational flows
- The velocity potential
- Uniform flow
- Source and Sink
- Vortex
- Doublet
12. Dimensional Analysis, Modelling and Similarity                               20         10         5
- Why model? and how.
- Dimensions and Units
- Dimensional analysis and Reasoning
- Dimensional quantities
- Fundamental and derived units-dimensions
- Checking equations with dimensional reasoning
- Using the Buckingham or Indicial method
- Using the group method
- Using dimensionless groups
- Definition and explanation of typical dimensional groups
- Examples of dimensional analysis
- Similarity
- Geometric, dynamic and kinematic similarities
- Ideal versus Real
- Similarity for compressible and incompressible flows
- Examples of similarity
13. Tackling Fluids Problems                                                                 25         5         5
- Defining the problem
- Problem Solving strategies
- Problem solving tools:
- Examples
14. Basic Measurement Techniques                                                      25         15     10
- Closed and Open flows
- High, medium, low and ultra-low pressure
- Dynamic and Static pressure
- Flow velocity
- Flow rate
15. Essential Fluid Properties, Equations and Laws                              25         15*
* includes 5 tables

Totals: 395 pages, 127 figures and 70 pictures

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