|
ISCHAEMIC STROKE IN A YOUNG PATIENT |
|
large artery disease: |
|
|
premature atherosclerosis: |
smoking hyperlipidaemia obesity hyperhomocystinaemia |
|
carotid or vertebral dissection: |
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Marfan's syndrome homocystinuria cystic medial degeneration pseudoxanthoma elasticum fibromuscular dysplasia |
|
other causes: |
radiotherapy moya-moya disease |
|
small artery disease: |
|
hypertension-associated vasculopathy |
|
classical migraine (hemiplegic migraine) |
|
cardio-embolism: |
|
|
valvular heart disease: |
mitral valve prolapse prosthetic valves bacterial endocarditis Libmann-Sacks endocarditis (SLE) |
|
other cardiac conditions: |
acute myocardial infarction (left ventricular dyskinesia with aneurysm) left atrial aneurysm left atrial myxoma dilated cardiomyopathy atrial septal defect, including patent foramen ovale |
|
thrombophilias: |
|
|
congenital: |
antithrombin deficiency protein C or S deficiency factor V Leiden mutation sickle-cell disease hyperfibrinogenaemia |
|
acquired: |
antiphospholipid syndrome myeloproliferative disorders |
|
vasculitides: |
|
drug abuse [heroin, cocaine, amphetamines] |
|
cerebral lupus |
|
polyarteritis nodosa |
|
Takayasu's arteritis |
|
isolated CNS angiitis |
|
sarcoidosis |
|
Wegener's granulomatosis |
|
Behçet's disease |
|
varicella-zoster arteritis |
|
pregnancy-related: |
|
eclampsia |
|
post-partum cardiomyopathy |
|
choriocarcinoma |
|
paradoxical embolism |
|
hypotension |
|
other genetic causes (not already listed above): |
|
CADASIL [cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy] |
|
MELAS [mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes] |
|
Fabry's disease [X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disorder] |
click here to return to the main contents page of Differential Diagnoses in General Medicine