ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

commonest causes:

ischaemic heart disease

mitral valve disease (especially stenosis)

thyrotoxicosis

idiopathic ('lone AF')

other causes:

cardiac disease:

heart failure from any cause

other valvular heart disease

atrial septal defect

other congenital heart disease

constrictive pericarditis

cardiomyopathy, especially congestive

myocarditis and pericarditis

hypertensive heart disease

acute myocardial infarction

pre-excitation syndromes, eg. WPW

sick sinus syndrome

atrial myxoma

intra-cardiac or pericardial metastases

extracardiac causes:

following cardio-thoracic operations

alcohol

pulmonary embolism

digoxin toxicity [typically causes paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block]

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