Network Architecture
 Network Topology
                  Internet

Network topolgy refers to layout of the computers and devices in a communications network.

Three basic types of network topology : 1. Star Network
                                                                                        2. Bus Network
                                                                                        3. Ring Network

Bus Network
 Ring Network
 Star Network



1. A bus network consists of a single
    central cable ( backbone), to which
    all computers and other devices connect.
2. Each devices is connected to the single
    bus cable through T-Connector.
3. A terminator is required at each end of
    the bus cable to prevent the signal from
    bouncing back and forth on the bus cable.
 1. On a ring network, a cable forms a
    closed loop (ring) with all computers
    and devices arranged along the ring.
 1. All the computers and other devices
    on the network connect to a central
    device(hub/switch), thus forming a
    star.
Advantages :-

1. Failure of one device usually does not
    affect the rest of the bus network.
2. Bus networks are inexpensive and
    easy to install.
 Advantages:-

1. All computers have equal access to the
    resources in the network.
2. Cable faults are easily located, making
    troubleshooting easier.
 Advantages:-

1. If one device fails, only that device
    is affected.
2. Easy to troubleshoot and isolate
    problem.
Disadvantages :-

1. The network will be malfunctioned if the
    single central cable breaks down.
2. If more computers are connected, the
    performance of the network will
    become slower because of data collision.
3. It is difficult to identify the problem if the
    entire network shut down.
 Disadvantages:-

1. The network will be malfunctioned if the
    device or cable breaks down.
2. A ring network can span a larger
    distance than a bus network, but it is
    more difficult to install.
3. Data packets muss pass through every
    computer therefore, this makes it slower.
   
Disadvantages:-

1. The network will be malfunctioned
    if the single hub/switch breaks down.
2. Requires more cable than most of
    the other topologies.