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9.1 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the state of the world about 1000 A.D. by summarizing

• the institution of feudalism in Europe and the rise of towns and commerce;
  Feudalism in Japan and Europe
  Feudalism
  Totalitarianism -- An Essay in the Philosophy of History
  
• the location and leadership of major Western European kingdoms;
  
• the location and culture of the Byzantine and Muslim empires;
  The Byzantine Empire
  ByzNet Byzantine Studies on the Net
  The Byzantine Empire
  Islamic History in Arabia and Middle East
  ArabNet - Palestine, History, Muslim Palestine
  
• the location and culture of empires in India, China, Japan, sub-Saharan Africa, and Central America;
  Itihaas Chronology - Ancient India
  
• the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe; and
• the conflict between Christian and Muslim cultures.

• the emergence of nation-states (Spain, France, England, Russia) and distinctive political developments in each;
  
• conflicts among Eurasian powers including the Crusades, the Mongol conquests, and the expansion of the Ottoman Turks;
  ORB - Crusades
  Crusade Chronology
  The Crusades
  
• patterns of crisis and recovery including the Black Death;
  and
• the preservation of Greek and Roman philosophy, medicine, and science.

• economic foundations of the Renaissance, including European interaction with Muslims, increased trade, role of the Medicis, and new economic practices;c
  Lorenzo de Medici by thomas Eidsmore
  
• the rise of Italian city-states;
  Background to the Italian Renaisance
  
• artistic, literary, and intellectual creativity, including Leonardo DaVinci, Michelangelo, and Shakespeare, as contrasted with the Medieval period;
  The Italian Renaissance
  Italian Renaissance
  
• Machiavelli's theory of government as described in The Prince;
  Machiavelli Online Resources - Updated April 1998
  Machiavelli was not Machiavellian
  and
• differences between the Italian and the Northern Renaissance.

• the effects of the theological, political, and economic differences that emerged during the Reformation, including the views and actions of Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII and the divorce issue;
  The Protestant Reformation
  
• the influence of religious conflicts on government actions, including the Edict of Nantes in France;
  Edict of Nantes
  Edict of Nantes
  and
• the evolution of laws that reflect religious beliefs, cultural values, traditions, and philosophies, including the beginnings of religious toleration and the spread of democracy. OCRT Home Page -- Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance; beliefs, practices and history of 63 faith groups and ethical systems
  
  Religious Tolerance
  

• the roles of explorers/conquistadors;
  
  
  
• migration, settlement patterns, and cultural diffusion;
  
  
  
• the exchange of technology, ideas, and agricultural practices;
  
  
  
• the trade in slaves, tobacco, rum, furs, and gold;
  
  
  
• the introduction of new diseases;
  
  
  
• the influence of Christianity;
  
  
  
• economic and cultural transformations (e.g., plants like tobacco and corn became available in new places, arrival of the horse in the Americas, etc.);
  
  
  
• competition for resources and the rise of mercantilism;
  
  
  
• the commercial and maritime growth of European nations, including the emergence of money and banking, global economies, and market systems; and
  
  
  
• social classes in the colonized areas.
  
  
  

• major leaders and events;
  
  
  
• sacred writings;
  
  
  
• traditions, customs, and beliefs;
  
  
  
• monotheistic versus polytheistic views;
  
  
  
• geographic distribution at different times;
  
  
  
• political, social, and economic influences of each; and
  
  
  
• long-standing religious conflicts and recent manifestations (e.g., Ireland, Middle East conflict, Bosnia, etc.).

• the establishment of absolute monarchies by Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, and Peter the Great; Pre-Enlightenment Europe
  
  
  
• the Glorious Revolution in England and the French Revolution; Glorious Revolution -- Compton's Encyclopedia
  The Golrious Revolution of 1688
  The Influence of the Enlightenment On the French Revolution ... -- Mining Co.
  Glorious Revolution -- Compton's Encyclopedia
  
  
  
• the ideas of significant people, including Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Jefferson; Jefferson's Religious Beliefs
  The French Revolution
  The French Revolution
  
• how the political ideas of the Enlightenment and the ideas of religion affected the founders of the United States;
  
  
  
• new scientific theories, including those of Newton, Kepler, Copernicus, Galileo, and others (e.g., Harvey, Franklin);
  
  
  
• how technological changes brought about social, political, and cultural changes in Europe, Asia, and the Americas;
  
  
  
• the flowering of the arts, philosophy, and literature (e.g., Voltaire, Diderot, Delacroix, Bach, and Mozart); and
  
  
  
• the influence of religious beliefs on art, politics, science, and commerce.
  
  
  

• the Congress of Vienna;
  
  
  
• expansion of democracy in Europe, including the effects of urbanization, revolutions of 1848, and British reform laws;
  
  
  
• unification of Germany and the role of Bismarck; and
  
  
  
• unification of Italy and the role of Garibaldi.
  
  
  

• the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism;
  
  
  
• how scientific and technological changes, including the inventions of Watt, Bessemer, and Whitney, brought about massive social and cultural change;
  
  
  
• the emergence of capitalism and free enterprise as a dominant economic pattern;
  
  
  
• responses to capitalism including utopianism, socialism, and communism;
  
  
  
• how the status of women and children reflected changes in society;
  
  
  
• the evolution of work and labor, including the slave trade, mining and manufacturing, and the union movement;
  
  
  
• applying economic reasoning and cost-benefit analysis to societal issues; and
  
  
  
• the transformation of Asia and Africa by expanding European commercial power.
  
  
  

• causes and effects of World War I and World War II;
  
  
  
• the Russian Revolution;
  
  
  
• the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan;
  
  
  
• the political, social, and economic impact of worldwide depression in the 1930's;
  
  
  
• the Nazi Holocaust and other examples of genocide;
  
  
  
• new technologies, including atomic power, and their influence on the patterns of conflict;
  
  
  
• economic and military power shifts since 1945, including the rise of Germany and Japan as economic powers;
  
  
  
• revolutionary movements in Asia and their leaders, including Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh;
  
  
  
• how African and Asian countries achieved independence from European colonial rule, including India under Gandhi and Kenya under Kenyatta and how they have fared under self- rule;
  
  
  
• regional and political conflicts including Korea and Vietnam; and
  
  
  
• the beginning and end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
  
  
  

• identifying, analyzing, and interpreting primary and secondary sources and artifacts;
  
  
  
• validating sources as to their authenticity, authority, credibility, and possible bias;
  
  
  
• comparing trends in global population distribution since the 10th century;
  
  
  
• constructing various time lines of key events, periods, and personalities since the 10th century;
  
  
  
• identifying and analyzing major shifts in national political boundaries in Europe since 1815; and
  
  
  
• identifying the distribution of major religious cultures in the contemporary world.
  
  
  

This page last updated January 26, 1999

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