System:� An organized relationship among the functioning units or components, which work in sync to achieve a common goal.�

System Study: A study of operations of a set of connected elements and the inter connections between these elements. It clearly shows that no one can ignore an element while doing a system study.�

System Approach: Shows a set of procedure to solve a particular problem, It applies scientific methods to understand the inter relationship between the elements to solve the problem.�

System analysis: It is a management exercise, which helps us in designing a new system or improving the existing system.

Characteristics of a System

1.���� Organization: It says the Structure or order of built.

2.���� Interaction: Procedure in which the components interact.

3.���� Interdependence.

4.���� Integration

5.���� Central Objective

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Elements of System Analysis

There are 4 basic elements of System analysis, they are

1.���� Outputs

2.���� Inputs : The essential elements of Inputs are

������ Accuracy of data

������ Timeliness

������ Proper format

������ Economy.

3.���� Files

4.���� Process

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Types of Systems

1.���� Physical or abstract systems

2.���� Open or closed systems

3.���� Deterministic or probabilistic

4.���� Man made systems

������ Formal systems - Organization representation

������ Informal systems - Employee based system

������ Computer based information systems - Computer handling business applications. These are collectively known as Computer Based Information systems (CBIS).

1.���� Transaction Processing System (TPS)

2.���� Management Information System (MIS)

3.���� Decision Support System (DSS)

4.���� Office Automation System (OAS)

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SDLC is a cycle to develop software, basic steps are

1.���� Preliminary Investigation

��������� Request clarification

��������� Feasibility Study

1.���� Technical feasibility

2.���� Economical

3.���� Operational

��������� Request Approval

2.���� Determination of system requirements

3.���� Design system

4.���� Development of software

5.���� System testing

6.���� Implementation, evaluation & maintenance

��������� Operational Evaluation

��������� Organizational Impact

��������� User Manager

��������� Development performance.

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System analyst is a person who conducts the system study & identifies the activities & objectives, formulate a set of rules to achieve the objects. His main activities are

��������� Problem identification, which a crucial part.

��������� Data gathering

��������� Develop a solution for the problem

��������� Co-ordinate to develop all possible solutions.

��������� Develop plans to meet management objectives

��������� System Designing

��������� Co-ordinate the testing procedures.

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He should have following Qualities.

1.���� Knowledge of people

2.���� Knowledge of Business functions

3.���� Knowledge of data processing principles

4.���� Ability to communicate

5.���� Flexibility

6.���� Analytical Mind

7.���� Well educated with sharp mind

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System Projects

Selection of System projects Depends on:

1.���� Capability

2.���� Control

3.���� Communication

4.���� Cost

5.���� Competitiveness

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System project requests may come from, Requests from

1.���� Dept managers

2.���� Senior Executives

3.���� System Analysts

4.���� Outside groups

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Project review & Selection

Group of people do project selection after receiving the requests, the groups are

1.���� Steering committee

2.���� Information systems committee

3.���� User group Committee

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Preliminary Investigation is done with by

1.���� Reviewing the Business records to understand the business

2.���� On site observations

3.���� Conducting Interviews

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Project feasibility is tested using

1.���� Operational

2.���� Technical

3.���� Economical

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Problem Classification & Definition are depends on

1.���� Problem of Reliability

2.���� Problem of validity

3.���� Problem of Accuracy

4.���� Problem Economy

5.���� Problem of Timeliness

6.���� Problem of Capacity

7.���� Problem of Throughput.

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Once a problem has been identified & next step is to evaluate the problem by asking why this problem?� What is the root cause�. This is known as Problem Evaluation.

Organizations usually face problems or have opportunity due to the following

1.���� A new product or plant or a branch

2.���� A new market or new process

3.���� Failure of an existing system

4.���� Inefficiency of an existing system

5.���� Structural error in the existing system.� Etc�.

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To identify problems/opportunities, scan thru the

1.���� The performance of the system

2.���� The information being supplied & its form

3.���� The economy of processing

4.���� The control of the information.

5.���� The efficiency of existing system

6.���� The security of the data & software

7.���� The security of equipment & personnel, etc.