help-BluePckt04

Marbury vs. Madison-(1803) established judicial review; the first time a Congressional act was declared unconstitutional; "midnight judge" William Marbury sued President James Madison for his salary -- the case was dismissed; it was a slap in the face of Jeffersonians, who wanted revenge.

Navigation Acts-(1680) restricted commerce to and from colonies to English vessels; kept money within British control; set off other acts used to restrict the colonists.

Missouri Compromise-(1820) established Missouri as a slave state; lasted 34 years; preserved the shaky compact of states, but did NOT resolve the slavery issue; essentially said that slavery was prohibited north of the 36-30' line (neither side [of slavery] satisfied); union broke down when the compromise broke down.

Compromise of 1850-(1850) for NORTH: California admitted as a free state; territory disputed by Texas and New Mexico to be surrendered to New Mexico; abolition of slave trade (but not slavery) in Washington, D.C.; for SOUTH: Texas received $10 million from federal government as compensation; a more stringent fugitive slave law; the remainder of Mexican cession area to be formed into territories of New Mexico and Utah (with no slavery restrictions); in end, the north got the better deal.

Five-Power Pact-(1922) a naval treaty; worried about too much naval power worldwide; 5:5:3 (British: American: Japanese) ratio; U.S. and Britain agreed to stop fortifying Far Eastern powers; the pact replaced the Anglo-Japanese Alliance; placed no restrictions on small warships, and Congress made no committment - died.

New Deal-(1933-1945ish) FDR's answer to the Great Depression; created many programs to help employ people and provide security: relief, recovery, and reform; most plans didn't work but FDR would try anything; 100 Days' Congress helped create new supporting agencies during his first 100 days of office -- it got more money in the economy and employed people during the Depression.

Great Compromise-(1880) the Compromise of 1880, specifically the Fugitive Slave Law(s) and the debate over the constitutionality of them. I know, big help there....deal!

Declaration of Independence-(July 4, 1776) If you don't know what this one is, you have no business being an American citizen; basically an explanation of independence to the British -- encompassed natural rights and argued for American secession (against the tyranny of George III); written by Thomas Jefferson.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-(1964) Vietnam; North Vietnamese gunboasts assaulted American ships that were organizing air strikes and military moves; Johnson and his advisors drafted the Resolution that committed the U.S. in Vietnam; passed Congress and gave Johnson "blank check" (full authority against North Vietnamese forces) --> ended up getting America MORE involved in Vietnam.

Dawes Plan-(1924) Charles Dawes rescheduled German reparations (post-WWI) payments and opened the way for further American private loans to Germany.