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Treaty of Ghent-(December 24, 1814) in resolution of "the second war for independence" (war of 1812); Alexander of Russia proposed mediation between Britain and America; stalemated, but European distress = American success; signed Christmas Eve, 1814 -- armistice.

Fair Deal-(1949) Truman proposed a social/economic program during his State of the Union Address; enlarged the New Deal by adding housing, conservation, economic security, health insurance, federal aid to education, agriculture subsidies, raised minimum wage, expanded social securities, the "projects", etc.

AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)-(1938) first AAA was unconstitutional; tried to fix post-WWI agricultural problems (Dust Bowl), granted agricutural subsidies to multiple-crop farms, tried to restrict production of certain commodities.

NIRA / NRA (National [Industrial] Recovery Act)-(1933) focused on employing the unemployed and regulating unfair business ethics; pumped $$$ into the economy to stimulate the job market, created codes for the businesses to follow (maintain "fair" competition); GOAL: break wage cuts & strikes.

Treaty of Paris of 1899 (Phillipines-World Power)-(1899) ended Spanish-American War, developed American empire overseas; Spain was forced to abandon Cuba and exchange Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Phillipines to the U.S. for $20 million; gave the U.S. a new imperialistic reputation.

Half-Way Covenent-(1662) modification in the Cambridge Platform; enabled people who hadn't experienced the conversion to become part of the the congregation; the later generation of Protestant settlers were unwilling to undergo the conversion relation -- the church was threatened, so compromise was made.

Jay's Treaty-(1794) Prez. Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to London (trying to stop the war with England); British agreed to evacuate posts on U.S. soil and said they'd pay for naval damage, but the America had to pay Britain its debts -- treaty seemed like a surrender; the South was mad because they paid the most; Spain struck a deal -- Pinckney's Treaty.

Bacon's Laws-(during the Enlightenment) refers to Sir Francis Bacon's scientific method.

Hamilton's Financial Plan-wanted the National Bank as a powerful private institution, with the government as a majoy stockholder; Federal Treasury would dposit leftover $$$ in the Bank so it would remain in circulation; also wanted to print paper money; MAIN GOAL: revenue.

Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936-(1935/1936) placed embargo on exports of war materials to belligerents -- warned U.S. citizens not to travel on their vessels; prohibited loans, instituted "cash and carry" policy, "if you want it, come and get it" trading policy.

Compromise of 1877-(1877) used to break the deadlock before presidential inauguration; Democrats gave Hayes the office in exchange for withdrawl of troops from Lousisana and South Carolina.

Keating-Own Act-(1818) dealt with child labor; said that interstate commerce AND child labor can be restricted by Congress when and how they saw fit; later repealed and then enforced in 1948 under Truman.

Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)-(1774) passed by Parliament in response to colonial rebellion; included Boston Port Act (closed port until tea was paid for), Massachusetts Government Act (revoked charter), Quartering Act (American citizens must house British troops), and the Administration of Justice Act; ALL united the colonists against the British.

Contract Labor Law-(1885) restrained competition from low-wage immigrant workers.

Immigration Quotas of the 1920's-(1920's) 1921: annual immigration = 350,000 people; 1924: 164,000 people; restricted immigration to 2% of total number of people from their country in the United States since 1890; completely rejected Asians, but never restricted Latin American immgration.

Truman Doctrine-(March 12, 1947) Truman asked Congress for $400 million to bolster Greece and Turkey (granted); also declared that "it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." criticized for being too open-ended and polarized (pro-Soviet/pro-American).

Manhattan Project-(June 1, 1945) inspired by Albert Einstein, Roosevelt donated $2 million to the project (attempting to build the atomic bomb); Oppenheimer and physicist worked on its production - June 1, the A-bomb was approved for use.

Indian Removal Act of 1830-(1830) prompted by Jackson: transplanting of all Indian trives then resident east of the Mississippi: heaviest blow fell on the five "civilized" tribes; many Native Americans died on the trip known as "The Trail of Tears"; they were moved to places where they didn't adapt easily.

Indian Reorganization Act-(1934) the "Indian New Deal"; took over the Dawes Act; partially reversed the individualistic approach and belatedly tried to restore the tribal basis of Indian life; John Collier (Commissioner of Indian Affairs) inspired by sojourn among Pueblo Indians in Toas, New Mexico, encouraged tribal self-government and preservation of Indian customs and traditions.