Cainta is politically subdivided into seven barangays. In the mid 1990s, Cainta submitted a petition to the Rizal provincial government to consider a proposal for additional barangays, to make a total of 25 barangays. The proposal is still pending.

Barangay	Population
San Andres	61,708
San Isidro	32,730
San Juan	91,196
San Roque	7,646
Santa Rosa	1,519
Santo Domingo	41,084
Santo Nino	6,628