With China's economic collapsing, many Nationalist soldiers deserted to the Communists, so that the Nationalists were not really popular. China's cities had fallen to the Red forces one by one. Mao's troops were well trained in guerrilla warfare. The remainders of Jiang's army fled south. In October 1949, Mao Zedong with the Communists gained the control of the whole China. He called it the People's Republic of China. Meanwhile, Jiang and other Nationalists retreated to Taiwan, which western called Formosa.The Communists were successful in driving Jiang's Nationalist government and supporters into exile on Taiwan.
Mao's victory fueled U.S. anti-Communist feelings. The Chinese also signed a treaty of friendship with Soviet Union in February 1950. The U.S. anti-Communists viewed the takeover of China as another step in a Communist campaign to conquer the world.
The U.S. was involved in the Chinese civil war by aiding Nationalists in order to get rid of Communist control. Unfortunately, the Nationalists' defeat in gaining the control of the whole China made the two superpowers more separated that the Cold War seemed still exist firmly.
