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Cambridge-Heidelberg Partnership Association

WORKSHEETS FOR EASTER 2000

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EUROPE AT THE MILLENIUM - SHARED PAST

Note that some places may not be accessible to the public, and in some cases there may be a charge.

Century
Influence
Look at:
11Norman - William 1 gave orders in 1068 that a castle be raised Castle Mound
12Crusaders visited other countries Round Church (one of five left in England) - following the mainland designs that were influenced by the Eastern Church's style, particularly by the round church built by St Helena and the Emperor Constantine over the site of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem
13Riots in Paris in 1229 - University attacked by policing authority - with no settlement, the scholars dispersed. Henry III invited them to England, and a large contingent came to Cambridge (easy to get to by water across the Channel), giving the embryonic university the strength to grow. A Royal writ of 1231 refers to the large number of students "from beyond the seas" as lately settled in Cambridge.
  • Quayside was accessible from the sea, up the river through the fens

  • University bought land, on which the Old Schools (behind Senate House) were built later, in 1275
14Black Death (bubonic plague) coming across Europe - first appeared in England in 1348. 2.5 million died in a year.
  • Clare College: statutes 1359 indicate the purpose of training men as priests "in consequence of a great number of men having been taken away by the fangs of pestilence"
  • When foundations of the Divinity Schools (opposite St John's College main Gate) were being dug in the 19th century, an onlooker "saw the ground was full of skeletons, thrown in without … order … this must have been a Cambridge plague pit".
15Printing presses in Europe (Coster in Haarlem and Gutenberg in Mainz around 1446, Caxton in Westminster in 1477) Books are everywhere! CUP bookstore, Heffers, Dillons, Waterstone's, University Library, Cambridge Central Library..
16
  • Erasmus finished his edition of New Testament in Cambridge , one of the main documents leading to the Reformation
  • Martin Luther - writings smuggled into Cambridge by water - also leading to the Reformation
  • Queens': Erasmus' Tower (SW of Old Court) - where Erasmus lived
  • St Edward's Church, where important sermons were preached
  • Quayside - port area for trade, especially with Germany and the Low Countries.
17Dutch expertise in the drainage of the fens, leading to better access by road, rather than by water.
  • North of Cambridge: the Fens
18Continuing architectural influence Senate House (1722-30) is sole fragmentary realisation of schemes for re-modelling the centre of Cambridge - including replacing much of the centre with a series of avenues and piazzas - a scheme worthy of Loius XIV, who might have been able to afford it! It is in the Palladian style (after Italian architect Andrea Palladio)
19Collections of objets d'art by rich on Grand Tour Fitzwilliam Museum in Classical style, started with Fitzwilliam's collection (architect was Basevi (who died falling off a scaffold in Ely))
20Twinning movement Heidelberg Gardens; Heidelberg sign in Grafton centre; Heidelberg room in Guildhall; European flag honoured in Guildhall

Most Europeans are descended from Charlemagne - they just don't know the details!
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