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Bankruptcy
Q. How do you know which kind of bankruptcy is best?
A. There are basically three types of bankruptcies a person can file:
- Chapter 7: Often called a "liquidation,"" this type of bankruptcy lets you completely wipe out all unsecured debts like credit card debts, lines of credit, unsecured loans, etc. without paying anything more. The downside is you may have to give up some assets to the bankruptcy trustee for liquidation.
- Chapter 13: This type of bankruptcy is aa reorganization that allows you to keep all assets, but you have to repay your creditors a portion of what you owe over a three to five year period. It might be 10 cents on the dollar or substantially more, depending upon the circumstances.
- Chapter 11: This is also a reorganizatioon bankruptcy, for corporations, and individuals whose debts contain a lot of zeros (actress Kim Basinger and her corporation filed Chapter 11.)


article of incorporation for pennsylvania

Getting Free Legal Help
Q. I work for a non-profit organization and would like to get some legal help, but I'm afraid it may be too expensive. What do you suggest?
A. If you work with a charity or some other non-profit organization, it is good to know that legal help need not be expensive. In fact, you can get it for free. How? Simply ask a lawyer friend to sit on your board of directors. Give him a title and a few free lunches, and his firm just may do some work for you pro bono (free, in legalese.) For the lawyer, it's a chance to get out in the community, make a good name for himself or herself, and do some good work to boot. Giving out some free advice really is no big deal in that case.

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Who Can Marry You?
Q: Who may legally conduct a marriage ceremony?

A: Besides judges, in some states county clerks or other government officials may conduct civil ceremonies. Religious ceremonies are conducted by religious officials, such as ministers, priests, or rabbis. Native American ceremonies may be presided over by a tribal chief or other designated official. Contrary to some popular legends, no state authorizes ship captains to perform marriages.
article of incorporation for pennsylvania

Let's Draw Pictures!
Many small business owners fail to see the significance of drawing an organizational chart. Not only will the effort result in a written picture of the business' functions, but frequently will expose staffing inefficiencies, as well.
As you design your organizational chart, develop a job description for each individual's position. Look for the overlaps and gaps between positions. Your short- and intermediate-term hiring plans should come out of this effort.
article of incorporation for pennsylvania

Do You Work In A Den Of Liars?
A company's culture can be a difficult thing to change. In general, an organization is perceived by those within it to espouse high moral character when it comes to honesty -- or to be seriously lacking in the truth department. If your company falls in the latter category, how can you effect a change in this atmosphere?
There are several steps you can take as a business owner to improve the moral fiber of your company. Most importantly, you must live what you want your employees to achieve. You must shoot straight and always state the truth in your communications with them. Honesty also denotes a standard of fairness. Make sure to handle decisions in an evenhanded manner. If you reward truthfulness and punish dishonesty, you'll be sending the right message. This means that you can't kill the one who tells you the truth. Always deal with the problem instead of the message bearer.
Spend time on a regular basis with your employees and let them know that you value the thoughts they communicate. As owner, you have the opportunity to influence the culture of your company more than any other individual. Make the prevailing thought in your office one you can be proud of.
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Personal Liability for Corporate Taxes
There are several types of taxes that can become the responsibility of corporate officers or owners if they're not paid by the corporation. Primarily, these taxes usually fall in the category of employee withholdings.
The corporation is considered to have a fiduciary responsibility for the monies withheld from employees' paychecks. These withholdings don't belong to the corporation. If the corporation spends these funds rather than remitting them to the government, the individuals responsible can be held personally liable for the unpaid taxes if the corporation doesn't have the ability to pay. If you're in a position of responsibility with regard to tax payments, consider how these rules could affect your situation.


S-U-C-C-E-S-S
How do you spell success? Perhaps you should take a moment and look at how your organization looks at you.
High performance organizations have begun to evaluate success using different standards. Traditionally, organizations measured success based on comparisons with their competitors. Currently, this standard is not the standard of choice. Companies are now reaching beyond the competition, and success is now defined against an idealized model - one that is often unattainable. What does this mean to you? Your performance will likely be compared to an individual piece of the perfection model. Understanding the measuring stick is the first step toward understanding the measurements made of your performance - and calculating an appropriate response.


Five star Hotel Hostess tells us: "My eyes rolled back in my head! My husband and I are having a ball. Pun intended!"

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article of incorporation for pennsylvania