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Quick Directory
Introduction to the Odyssey
After the Iliad
Returning Home
Location of Ithaca
The Unknown
Who�s Who in the Odyssey
Gods and Goddesses
Lesser Divinities
Family and Household of Odysseus
Men of Ithaca and Suitors for the Hand of Penelope
Persons Met by Telemachus on his trip to the Mainland
Dwellers in the Land of Phaeacians
Moster and Other Inhuman Beings
Spirits of the Dead in the House of Hades
Scenes of Action

After the Iliad

When the Odyssey starts, Troy has been burnt, Priam and his sons are slain, and the Greek camp on the shore before Troy has been empty for ten years. Many famous people from the Iliad are now dead like Achilles and the stronger Ajax, all of whom now rest in the Trojan soil for eternity.

Returning Home

This was not the end though, countless Greeks would die on their return home. The lesser Ajax was swept from his ship by a strong wind, which Poseidon blew, and he drowned. Agamemnon returned home only to be killed by a steward who was working with Agamemnon�s wife. Orestes, Agamemnon�s son, killed both his mother and the accomplice to avenge his father�s death. Diomed, Nestor, Menelaus, and Helen are among the few who returned to their houses peacefully.

Location of Ithaca

Archaeologists disagree as to which of several small islands off the west coast of Greece was Odysseus� Ithaca. It may have been on the island modern Greeks call Thiaki, or it may have been one close to it. The little harbor, the tree-clad mountain, the shadowy cave consecrated to the nymphs, that Homer describes, can be found on any one of them, as also traces of ancient occupation. Whichever Ithaca was, it lay on the edge of that partially enclosed eastern end of the Mediterranean which in Homer�s day made all the world the Greeks knew.

The Unknown

To the west of Egypt and Ithaca lies a far wider waste of unknown water into which the Greeks as of the time of the Odyssey had not dared to venture. Only Crete's inhabinants, and most notably the Phoenicians, much older and more experienced navigators, pushed on into the sunset, founding a trading post here and a colony there until they reached the straits leading into the Western Ocean. Very recently ancient Phoenician currency and other signs have been found along the coast of Brazil, evidence that the Phoenicians were by far the greatest ancient navigators. By now the Phoenicians had made a few charts of sailing directions, natural landmarkes, danger spots to be avoided, and safe landing places. To the Greeks however everything beyond the familiar shores and islands was still an utter mystery.

Who�s Who in the Odyssey

Gods and Goddesses

[Roman names are given in brackets]

Apollo:
Son of Zeus and Leto; favors the Trojans.
Ares [Mars]:
Son of Zeus; favors the Trojans.
Athena [Minerva]:
Daughter of Zeus; favors Greeks.
Hades:
Son of Cronus; ruler of the underworld of the dead.
Hephaestus [Vulcan]:
Son of Zeus and Hera; favors the Greeks.
Hermes [Mercury]:
Sone of Zeus; favors the Trojans.
Iris:
Messenger of the gods.
Persephone [Proserpina]:
Daughter of Demeter [Ceres] and queen of the underworld.
Poseidon [Neptune]:
Son of Cronus; king of the sea; favors the Greeks.
Zeus [Jupiter, Jove]:
Son of Cronus [Saturn]; king of the gods and ruler of the sky; arbiter of human destiny.

Lesser Divinities

Aeolus:
Son of Hippotas; keeper of the winds.
Calypso:
Daughter of Atlas; island nymph on Ogygia.
Circe:
Daughter of the Sun; goddes of the wild; enchantress.
Eidothea:
Daughter of Proteus, sea-nymph.
Proteus:
Old man of the sea, one of the gods deposed by Zues.

Family and Household of Odysseus

Dolius:
Aged gardener and field worker.
Elpenor:
Youngest sailor with Odysseus.
Eumaeus:
Son of Ctesius; keeper of Odysseus� swine.
Euryclea:
Daughter of Ops; old nurse of Odysseus and Telemachus.
Eurylochus:
Husband of Odysseus� sister; sailor with Odysseus.
Eurynome:
Head maid and housekeeper.
Laertes:
Son of Arceisius; aged father of Odysseus.
Medon:
Herald.
Melantho:
Daughter of Dolius; favored maid of Penelope.
Menlanthris:
Son of Dolius; keeper of the goats.
Mentor:
Friend and steward of Odysseus.
Odysseus [Ulysses]:
Son of Laertes; king of Ithaca.
Phemius:
Son of Terpes, minsteral in the house.
Philoetius:
Keeper of the cattle.
Telemachus:
Son of Odysseus and Penelope.

Men of Ithaca and Suitors for the Hand of Penelope

Aegyptius:
Aged lord in Ithaca.
Agelaus:
Son of Damastor; suitor from Ithaca.
Amphimedon:
Son of Menanus; suitor from Ithaca.
Amphinomus:
Son of Nisus; suitor from Dulichium.
Antinous:
Son of Eupeithes; leader of the suitors.
Ctesippus:
Son of Polytherses; suitor from Same.
Eupeithes:
Lord in Ithaca.
Eurymachus:
Son of Polybus; suitor from Ithaca.
Halitherses:
Son of Mastor; seer and prophet.
Irus:
Town beggar.
Leiocritus:
Son of Evenor; suitor from Ithaca.
Leiodes:
Son of Oenops; soothsayer for the suitors.
Noemon:
Son of Phromius; ship owner.
Piraeus:
Son of Clytius; trusty friend of Telemachus.

Persons Met by Telemachus on his trip to the Mainland

Helen:
Daughter of Zues and Leda; wife of Menelaus, brought back from Troy.
Menelaus:
Son of Atreus; king of Sparta, returned from Troy.
Nestor:
Son of Neleus; aged king of Pylos, returned from Troy.
Pisistratus:
Son of Nestor.
Theoclymenus:
Son of Polypheides; fugitive seer from Argos, received by Telemachus.

Dwellers in the Land of Phaeacians

Alcinous:
Son of Nausithous; king of the Phawacians in Scheria.
Arete:
Daughter of Rhexenor; wife of Alcinous and queen of the Phawacians.
Demodocus:
Blind bard at Alcinous� court.
Euryalus:
Son of Naubolus; Phaeacian noble.
Laodamas:
Eldest son of Alcinous and Arete.
Nausicaa:
Youngest daughter of Alcinous and Arete.

Moster and Other Inhuman Beings

Antiphates:
King of the cannibal Laestrygonians.
Charybdis:
A whirlpool which draws vessels to their doom.
Polyphemus:
Son of Poseidon; giant Cyclops and ogre.
Scylla:
Daughter of Crataiis; six-headed monster and man eater.
Two Sirens:
Fatal beguilers of men with their singing.

Spirits of the Dead in the House of Hades

Achilles:
Son of Peleus; hero of the Iliad.
Agamemnon:
Son of Atreus; king of the Greeks at Troy.
Ajax:
Greater Ajax; son of Telamon, killed at Troy.
Anticleia:
Daughter of Autolycus; wife of Laertes and mother of Odysseus.
Epicaste:
Also called Jocasta; mother and wife of Oedipus, king of Thebes.
New Arrivals:
Spirits of Elpenor and of the suitors.
Patroclus:
Son of Menoetius; comrade of Achilles.
Shade of Heracles [Hercules]:
Son of Zues; heroic laborer for mankind.
Sisyphus:
Spirit tormented in punishment.
Tantalus:
Spirit tormented in punishment.
Teiresias:
Blind prophet of Thebes.
Tityus:
Spirit tormented in punishment.
Tyro:
Daughter of Salmoneus; mother by Poseidon of Pelias and Neleus.

Scenes of Action

The Mediterranean Sea and its coasts.
Island of Ithaca.
Nestor�s home at Pylos.
Palace of Menelaus in Sparta.
Calypso�s island of Ogygia in the West.
River mouth in Scheria, land of the Phaeacians, and palace of the king, Alcinous.

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