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"There are two forms of science: physics and stamp collecting."
Sir Ernest Rutherford 1871 - 1937
(1908 Nobel Prize in chemistry)
(from Ross Taylor's Musings and ramblings)

UNICEF provides children with health care, clean water, nutrition, education, protection . . .

1. Stamps FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

   One of the oldest documents on the subject on the internet & this seems to be {to have been} the only known remaining copy online! (there were other mirror sites but all are dead now - aj.)

   NOTE: c.201201 : We've spoken to Bjourn Munch (original host to the link above) who wouldn't mind it reposted (if it's "marked as 'historic'" - it will be - aj).

   &: c.201408 it is now on the 'Stamps FAQ' link above. aj.

2. HomeAdvisor.com | Stamp Collecting (c.201603 via afterschoolcareprograms.com)

3. including: Postal Forgeries in Two World Wars, C.I.A. : Home: Library: Center for the Study of Intelligence: Studies Archive Indexes: vol4no3. html

4. A Certain Look at Philately, c.2001: Luis Eugnio Ferreira (a free ebook in English & Portuguese; cc)

   "A certain look at philately is basically a compilation of the notes I have been making over the past thirty years, sporadic work with several magazines and philatelic periodicals (some of which no longer exist), concerning some of the pertinent issues of the philatelic phenomenon. Above all, what I have aimed to do is support the idea that philately is essentially a powerful aid to History.

   I also maintain that the stamp, apart from its postal function as a corollary of the organisation proposed by Rowland Hill, has also functioned as one of the fundamental elements in affirming the sovereignty of modern States, and there are numerous examples that uphold this idea. . . "

5. Introduction to Stamp Collecting, By Jim Watson From 'A Brief History'

   "Mr. Rowland Hill, a retired schoolteacher, proposed an overhaul of the entire {English} postal system. His proposal was to end the franking privilege; to establish uniform rates, regardless of distance but dependent on weight; and to require the prepayment of postage or to collect double rates on mail sent collect. His conclusions were based on an analysis of the high cost of bookkeeping and other administrative overhead for the collect-on-delivery system. Actual delivery costs were only a small fraction of the total cost of running the post office. His proposals led to revolutionary postal reform.

   "The adhesive postage stamp was created to signify the prepayment of postage by attaching it to the mail. The stamps were then cancelled by defacing them with an inked hand stamp to prevent re-use.The first stamps are called the Penny Black. Since postage stamps had the aura of a security or currency, the first stamps were printed by the firm of Perkins, Bacon & Perch, who were bank-note engravers. The scrolled engraving and the use of letters in the corners of the stamp were intended to make forgery difficult. The first stamps were sold on May 6, 1840, and were successful almost immediately.

   "At the same time, stationery imprinted with stamps was also sold. The first were ornate envelopes and wrappers (used to wrap items like newspapers). Such items are called "Mulreadies" after their designer, William Mulready. The Mulreadies did not meet with the success that greeted the adhesive stamps and were soon discontinued "

6. www.philatino.com/pages/fa/stampinfo.html (cc)

   I Inherited a Stamp Collection... How is a postage stamp made? Where to Learn More Types of stamps Earliest Postmark Associated with Franking Early Stamps of Mexico Errors Caused in Printing Mistakes on Stamps Postage Stamps and the Cold War 'Specimen' and 'Cancelled' Stamps Stamp Clubs Stamps of French West Africa Stamps of Southern Arabia The Colour of a Stamp Thematic Collections The Wide World of Stamps Who are the Stamp Experts? Postage stamps and postal history of Argentina Ceres Series (France) Ceres Series (Portugal) Stamp catalog Michel catalog Stanley Gibbons Scott catalogue Philatelic literature Postage stamp Sheet of stamps Tete-beche Coil stamp Postage stamp booklet Postage stamp separation Revenue stamp Philatelic fakes and forgeries Mauritius "Post Office" Cinderella stamp (cf.) Azad Hind stamps (cf.) Hotel post Poster stamp Artistamp (cf.) Imprinted stamp Precancel Cancellation (mail)

   Basel Dove British Guiana 1c magenta Christmas stamp Commemorative stamp Definitive stamp Holiday stamp Invert error Inverted Jenny Treskilling Yellow Z Grill Gronchi Rosa Inverted Head 4 Annas Local post Perfin Postage stamps and postal history of Malaysia Uganda Cowries Scinde Dawk Postage stamps and postal history of Great Britain Hawaiian Missionaries Aerophilately Franking Postal stationery Pen cancel Stamp hinge Postage stamp gum Postage stamps and postal history of Germany Postage stamps and postal history of Russia Postage stamps and postal history of China Postage stamps and postal history of Korea Postage stamps and postal history of the United States Postage stamps and postal history of Italy Postage stamps and postal history of India First Stamp auction in London First stamp dealer Brief History of Stamp Auctions in America Auction Robert A. Siegel - Philatelic Auctions Robert P. Alexander Stanley Bryan Ashbrook Leo August Food Stamps On-Line

7. Wikepedia: The Universal Postal Union

   "Prior to the establishment of the UPU, each country had to prepare a separate postal treaty with other nations it wished to carry international mail to or from. To simplify the complexity of this system, the United States called for an International Postal Congress in 1863. This led Heinrich von Stephan, Royal Prussian and later German Minister for Posts, to found the Universal Postal Union."

8. JPP Stamps Wiki
   From : Angela Beesley and Jimmy Wales, the creators of Wikipedia.

9. The Evolution of Mail and Postage Stamps, Tom Fortunato (was) '404' c.201501; mailed Tom.; he replied and url is new.

10. Wikipedia's Philately Portal

11. Wikipedia: The Postage Stamp

12. Wikicollecting: the community for collectors (from Antiques to Stamps et al)

13. StampsOfTheWorld (a Wiki idea)

    "This project is a mammoth task and would not be where it is without the contributions of stamp collectors and dealers around the world."

14. "Stamp Collecting Begins Here", 'AskPhil'

    "..provided as a service to offer general answers to questions about stamp collecting... The Collectors Club of Chicago is the sponsor of this site..." (Not affilated to APS or any other group). When you can't find one, "Answers will be provided by the webmaster, assisted by the CCC membership and an occasional outside expert... Turnaround time is expected to be very rapid, at least for most questions submitted... In addition to questions submitted directly to AskPhil, we will be responding to questions sent to The Postal History Foundation of Tucson, Arizona, the Wineburgh Philatelic Research Library of Dallas, Texas, and The Smithsonian Libraries of Washington, DC. "

15. LearnAboutStamps.org

    Sponsored by and "in cooperation with the American Stamp Dealer Association, the Philatelic Foundation, the United States Postal Service, and many individuals in the philatelic community..." it "was developed by the American Philatelic Society and the (U.S.) National Postal Museum as a resource for persons who want to know more about the hobby of stamp collecting. Links were selected in the hope that they could provide answers to specific questions that an entry-level collector may have about the stamp hobby."

16. The Ultimate Guide to Stamp Collecting
    (Basic beginners information; contributed by "Coby" Crane as he searched for info to interest his sons c.2012)

17. The American Philatelic Society's Hall of Fame - Biographies:
    Honoring "deceased philatelists who have made outstanding contributions to philately."

18. Philatelists by country, Wikimedia.org

19. Postal systems by country, Wikipedia

20. Philatelic Digital Library Project

    (22 works c.2010) "...conceived to work closely to ... the Project Gutenberg to create, organize and preserve a philatelic literature collection."

21. Issuu

    ..the leading digital publishing platform delivering exceptional reading experiences of magazines, catalogs, and newspapers. Millions of people have uploaded their best publications to create beautiful digital editions. When will we see yours? (literally 100's of philatelic & stamp collecting documents; magazines, auction catalogs etc. - aj c.2011)

22. 
    The World of Stamps - The Antonius Ra Collection, Mitch Ward (Alt. URL)
    "Over 150 countries for viewing and reference." (c.2009)
    "Over 225 countries for viewing and reference." (c.2011)
    "..around 240 countries . . . " via email from Mitch c.2012.01.14
    "Over 300 countries ... " (c.2015)
    old: http://solo18.abac.com/mward/collection/mapindex.html

23. 
    Jim's Stamp Album, Jim Griffith

24. Poppe's Stamp Encyclopedia, Guido T. & Philippe Poppe, .ph

    Commercial website featuring a 'Stamp Encyclopedia', "It is our aim to show and document all stamps ever made. This Encyclopedia shows all stamps we have in stock and also the ones we had. " (had over 700,000 images c.200910, 800,000 c.201008 - ed.)

25. Colnect, Connecting Collectors - Stamps: Showing 334 Countries, 233,562 Stamps (c.2012.03.14)
    Also features Postcard, Banknotes, Coins, Bottle Caps, Tea Bags . . .
    In all, "31,853 Collectors / 202 Countries
    Colnect provides a comprehensive collectibles catalog.
    Colnect allows you to easily manage your Personal Collection. (see the video)
    The catalog is a wiki created by contributing collectors on Colnect. . .You can help."
    Their About page explains how they match 'wants' with 'haves'.
    Premium membership is given to members who either actively help on Colnect or to members who pay for it.
    If you are already supporting Colnect, as an editor or translator, ...your premium membership (is) for free.
    (4 to 6 Euros a month depending on length of plan: monthly, 6 months, 12 months . . .)
    (Available in 50 Languages)
    WhoIS: Registrant: "Amir Wald" (no contact data) ; "owns about 5 other domains"

26. Postal History.org - John R. Tollan

27. PostalRates.info

    "... a global guide to postal information; features postage rates, post codes, stamps, philately and postal authorities around the world.

    The PostalRates.info is a part of a growing family of web sites in the 4040INFO Network, developed, owned and operated by 3DotsPlus."

28. Stuart Rossiter Trust, UK (x)
    "Postal History publishing, and sale of books, sponsorship of authors and postal history research, through grants, guidance and support - are the main objectives of the Stuart Rossiter Trust. The trust is a Registered Charity Number 292076."

29. Institute for Analytical Philately, Inc.
    PO Box 751833, Las Vegas, NV 89136-1833
    Tel: +1.877.213.2387, Fax: +1.888.400.5351
    [email protected]
    "Solving Philately's Puzzles through Science"

    "With an effective date of 11 Dec 2009, the IRS has determined that IAP is exempt from Federal income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the (United States) Internal Revenue Code. ...

    "Because one of the most important aspects of research is the dissemination of results, all philatelists receiving grants from IAP are required to publish in widely circulated journals of record, both scientific and philatelic.

    "As a virtual organization, our Web Site is dedicated to providing all philatelic students with announcements of new scientific research in philately and an archive of research in our Reference Library." (cites to 'journals of record'; see 'Projects' - aj c.201010)

30. Stamp Domain - Jan Kosniowski (jpkos @ aol.com), .uk
    A good philatelic resource covering many nations and topics.

31. Penny Black, Before The - E and R Shanahan

32. Penny Black, Before the - Ken Lawrence
    http://www.fi.aau.dk/~tn/btpb.html '404'
    Penny Black Revisited, Before The - Ken Lawrence
    both now at Toke Norby's website (c.2009)

33. The One Penny Postage Stamps of Great Britain 1848-1864, Tim Burgess
    aka: The Penny Red (& Black)

34. Revenue Reverend, Andrew McClellan (Sec.: The Revenue Society {of GB} - cf.)

    Welcome to my website! This is where I record my observations about revenue stamps and documents. Some of my research has previously been published in The Revenue Journal, The Malayan Philatelist, The Pakistan Study Circle Newsletter and Gibbons Stamp Monthly. This website was started in November 2009 and I have worked on it every month or so since then. There is a What's new section on this page so that you can check my progress.

    What's new?
    January 2015
    Federated Malay States: J44, J54, J60, J68/9, J81/3, J87/91 added; new printing details for Judicial and Revenue issues

35. First Issues Collector Club
    President: Bob Sylvester (c.2009)
    13 Idlewood Pl., River Ridge, LA, 70123-1525

    Is attempting to "create a catalog of stamp issuing entities, past and present, with detailed information on the very first issue or issues emitted by those entities." (and a good job of it! - ed.)

    From www.sandafayre.com

    Elyse, Saul, and Arturo continue their un-relenting quest for the Lunersee stamps. Clues arriving in cryptic envelopes have

    expanded their search interests to include other priceless artifacts stolen during WWII. The Amber Room, an invaluable treasure stolen from Russia by the Nazis, tops Elyse's list. After completing a philatelic cruise, the trio evades a deadly crash scenario initiated by a sinister driver on a European highway. Another attempt upon their lives occurs on the shores of Lake Lunersee. The adventures continue ...