Brunswick

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The territory of the dukes of Brunwick consisted of the town of Brunswick itself, Lüneburg, the area around Hannover, and Münden in southern Saxony.  The ancient fortress of the Brunonian counts of Brunswick was located on an island formed by the river Oker.  The county was probably a fief of the dukes of Saxony, although no proof of this has been found.  Brunswick became a major trading centre, as it marked the crossing point between the old Köln/Magdeburg trade route and the major lines of communication from south-west Germany to the Harz/Elbe[1]. 

On the death in 1090 of Ekbert II Graf von Braunschweig, last count of the first Brunswick dynasty, his sister Gertrud inherited the Brunswick territories.  They eventually passed to the Welf dukes following the following inheritance trail: 

§         Gertrud's daughter by her second marriage, Richenza von Northeim, married Lothar von Süpplingenburg Duke of Saxony, who later became Emperor Lothar III;

§         Emperor Lothar's daughter by Richenza, Gertrud, married, as her first husband, the Welf Heinrich X "der Stolze" Duke of Bavaria;

§         Duke Heinrich's only son by Gertrud, Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony, inherited the Brunswick territories. 

Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony developed the old Brunonian fortress into a princely residence known as Dankwarderode, constructed other fortifications and created new settlements.  He favoured Brunswick as his permanent capital[2].  This consolidation of the Brunswick territories into the personal domain of the duke of Saxony marked the end of the Saxon fiefdom.  By the time Brunswick and its connected territories were inherited by Otto "das Kind", grandson of Duke Heinrich and last male heir of the Welf dynasty, they appear to have been considered a direct fief of the Empire.  As is the case with many German titles, the precise process by which this occurred is not apparent.  The title "Duke of Brunswick" was confirmed by charter dated 1235[3]. 

The area around Lüneburg was owned by the Billung family, whose chief residence was the castle on the Kalkberg, and passed to the Welf family after the death in 1106 of Magnus Billung Duke of Saxony[4].  The township of Lüneburg, the centre for production of salt, was probably granted to the Welf family by Emperor Lothar as it had originally been an imperial fief[5]. 

The county rights in the Hannover area, the Marstemgau, passed to the counts of Roden after the death in 1106 of Magnus Billung Duke of Saxony.  They founded St George's church in Hannover in [1125].  Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony asserted suzerainty over the counts of Roden and may have granted Hannover its first charter.  The town was sacked in 1189 by Heinrich VI King of Germany during the course of fighting with Duke Heinrich[6]. 

Münden, in the south of Saxony, was probably established by the Landgraf of Thuringia between 1155 and 1180.  It became Welf property some time after the death of the last Landgraf of Thuringia in 1247[7].  Göttingen presumably belonged to the Welf in the late 12^th century as it was allocated to Heinrich Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, eldest surviving son of Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony, in the 1202 partition and after his death inherited by his nephew Otto "das Kind"[8]. 

BRUNO, son of [EKBERT "der Einäugige Graf im Hastfalagau] & his wife --- ([975/85]-murdered near Niethorp[9] [1010/11][10]).  There is no proof that Bruno von Braunschweig was the son of Ekbert "der Einäugige" but this appears probable in view of the names which are common to the two families and also the common references to the Derlingau.  Bruno is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln as the brother of Wichmann [III] Graf im Duffelgau and Ekbert Graf im Derlingau, while another table shows Wichmann [III] as son of Ekbert[11].  His birth date range is estimated from his estimated marriage date.  The estimated birth date ranges of both Wichmann [III] and Bruno are consistent with their having been brothers.  Bruno founded Braunschweig.  He was a candidate for the German throne in 1002[12] in opposition to Heinrich IV Duke of Bavaria, who was elected as Heinrich II King of Germany. 

m ([1003/05]) as her first husband, GISELA of Swabia, daughter of HERMANN II Duke of Swabia & his wife Gerberga of Upper Burgundy (11 Nov 990-Goslar 16 Feb 1043, bur Speyer Cathedral).  The Annalista Saxo names her three husbands, although the order of her first and second marriages is interchanged which appears impossible chronologically[13].  The necrology of Fulda records the death "1043 16 Kal Mar" of "Gisela imp"[14].  She married secondly ([1014]) Ernst Duke of Swabia [Babenberg] and thirdly Konrad II Herzog von Franken, who succeeded in 1024 as Konrad II King of Germany. 

Bruno & his wife had [two] children: 

1.             LIUDOLF von Braunschweig ([1003/05]-23 Apr 1038).  The Annalista Saxo names "Liudolfus comes Saxonicus, filius Brunonis de Bruneswic et Gisle inperatricis", when recording his death[15].  His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1051 under which "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated "comitatum quem Brun eiusque filius noster frater Liutolfus nec non et eius filius Echbreht comites…in pagis Northduringen, Darlingen, Valen, Salthga, Grethe, Mulbeze" to the church of Hildesheim[16].  His birth date range is estimated assuming that he was "the young Count Liudolf" whom Thietmar notes was captured during a conflict with the Poles, dated to 1015[17], although it is not certain that this was the same person.  Vajay[18] suggests a birth date range of [1006/08], which is more consistent with his mother's birth date but appears late for the 1015 capture.  The Annalista Saxo records that "Liudolfus comes Saxonicus, filius Brunonis de Bruneswic et Gisle inperatricis" was killed "9 Kal Maii inmatura…cum maximo suorum conprovincialium merore"[19].  He was installed as Markgraf in Friesland by his stepfather Emperor Konrad II after 1 Jul 1028.  m GERTRUD von Egisheim, daughter of HUGO [VI] Graf im Nordgau und zu Egisheim & his wife Heilwig von Dagsburg (-21 Jul 1077).  The Annales Stadenses refers to the mother of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]" as "sororis Leonis papa qui et Bruno"[20].  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Jul 1077 of "Ghertrudis marchionissa senior"[21].  Liudolf & his wife had [five] children: 

a)             [MATHILDE von Braunschweig ([1025/26]-Paris 1044, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).  The wife of Henri II King of France was described as "ex Cæsarum progenie" in the Miracles de Saint-Benoît[22], and as "neptis Henrici Alemanniæ imperatoris" by the continuator of Monk Aimon[23], from which her origin is reconstructed by Szabolcs de Vajay[24].  Rodolfus Glaber records that King Henri married "Mathildem…de regno eius ex Germanie nobilioribus"[25].  The primary source which confirms her origin more precisely has not yet been identified.  m (1034) as his first wife, HENRI I King of France, son of ROBERT II "le Pieux" King of France & his third wife Constance d'Arles [Provence] ([end 1009/May 1010]-Palais de Vitry-aux-Loges, forêt d’Orléans, Loiret 4 Aug 1060, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).] 

b)             BRUNO [II] von Braunschweig (-after [1052/57]).  The Annalista Saxo names "Brunone et Ecberto comitibus, filiis Liudolfi de Bruneswic qui fuerat patruus regis"[26].  "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Brunonis comitis et in pago Ualen" to the church of Hildesheim by charter dated 4 Jun 1049[27].  It is not known whether this refers to the same Graf Bruno.  However, "Valen" is one of the pagi named in the 1051 charter which names Bruno's brother Ekbert (see below).  Graf in Flutwidde [1052/57]. 

c)             EKBERT [I] von Braunschweig (-11 Jan 1068).  The Annalista Saxo states "genuit autem Liudolfus ex Gertrude comitissa Brunonem, qui iuxta villam Niethorp occisus est, et Ekbertum seniorem marchionem"[28].  Graf von Braunschweig. . 

d)             IDA "von Elstorf" .  The Annales Stadenses name "Ida nobilis femina de Suevia nata, in villa Elsthorpe" as daughter of "fratris imp. Heinrici III, filia sororis Leonis papa qui et Bruno"[29].  After her death, her property was inherited by Udo Graf von Stade (presumably Graf Lothar Udo IV, who died in 1106) who held the county of Stade "ab ecclesiam Bremensi in beneficio"[30].  m firstly LUITPOLD Graf von Stade, son of --- & his wife Glismode --- (-before 1055).  The Annales Stadenses name "Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis" as husband of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]", specifying that they were parents of "Odam sanctimonialem de Rinthelen"[31].  He is identified in Europäischen Stammtafeln[32] as Liutpold der Ostmark, son of Adalbert "der Siegreiche" Markgraf der Ostmark [of Austria] & his first wife --- (-Ingelheim 9 Dec 1043, bur Trier)[33].  Presumably this is based firstly on the Annales Stadenses which name "Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis" as husband of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]"[34], and secondly on the Vita Meinwerci which names "Thiedericum, Meinwercum, Glismod et Azelam" as children of Immed & Athela, specifying that Glismod married "nobilis principis in Baioaria"[35], although there is no evidence linking the second with the first.  The fact that Ida von Elstorf had children by her first husband, if correct, also indicates that that this co-identity cannot be right[36].  m secondly (1055) DEDO Graf von Dietmarschen .  The Annales Stadenses name "comitem Dedonem et comitem Ethelerum Album" as the two husbands of Ida after "Lippoldo filio domiine Glismodis", specifying that both were killed "in Thietmarschia"[37].  m thirdly ([1058]) ETHELER Graf von Dietmarschen .  The Annales Stadenses name "comitem Dedonem et comitem Ethelerum Album" as the two husbands of Ida after "Lippoldo filio domiine Glismodis", specifying that both were killed "in Thietmarschia"[38].  Ida & her first husband had two children: 

i)               ODA .  The Annales Stadenses name "Odam sanctimonialem de Rinthelen" as daughter of "Lippoldo filio domiine Glismodis" and "Ida [de Elsthorpe]", specifying that she married "regi Ruzie" by whom she had a son "Warteslaw", returned to Saxony with her son after her husband died, and there was mother of "filiam Aliarinam, matrem comitis Burchardi de Lucken" who later killed "lantgravius Hermannus de Wincenburg", although a later passage specifies that Ida was mother of "Akarinam matrem Burchardi de Lucken"[39].  It has not been possible to verify this. 

ii)             EKBERT (-murdered Wickstadt, near Elstorf).  The Annales Stadenses name "Ecbertum comitem" as son of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]", specifying that he was killed by "primus Udo marchio Wistede prope Elstorpe…cognatus suus"[40], the context implying that he was Ida's son by her first husband. 

Ida & her [second/third] husband had two children: 

iii)            RICHENSA (-1108 or after).  The Annales Stadenses name "Rikencem" as the daughter of Ida by her second or third husband, specifying that she married "comes Eilmarus de Aldenburg"[41].  m EGILMAR [I] Graf von Oldenburg, son of --- (-1108 or after). 

iv)           BURCHARD .  The Annales Stadenses name "Burchardus, Treverensis maior prepositus" as son of Ida, without specifying by which husband, specifying he was later elected archibishop (without specifying the archbishopric)[42].  The Annales Sancti Diibodi record that "Hermannus de Winzenburg" killed "Burchardum de Lochenheim" in 1130[43]. 

e)             [daughter .  This affiliation of the wife of Konrad Graf von Haldensleben is proposed by Ernst Klebel[44].  The text in which this is proposed has not yet been consulted but it is assumed that the hypothesis is based on onomastics.  Konrad's daughter was named Gertrud, and her granddaughter was named Ida, both names being associated with the Brunswick family.  The affiliation is not chronologically impossible, although it is tight given the known birth dates of some of Konrad's descendants.  m KONRAD Graf von Haldensleben, son of BERNHARD Margraf der Nordmark & his wife --- Vladimirovna of Kiev.] 

2.             [daughter .  The name and origin of the wife of Graf Thiemo [II] [Formbach] are unknown.  Wegener suggests that she was the daughter of Bruno [I] Graf von Braunschweig to explain the transmission of the names Bruno and Ekbert into the family of the Grafen von Formbach[45].  This appears supported by "Conradus…Romanorum rex secundus" granting the right to market and minting coins in Dorf Neunkirchen to "consanguinei nostri Ekkerbti comitis" by charter dated [Jun/Jul] 1141[46], King Konrad III being the great grandson of Heinrich III King of Germany who was the son of Gisela of Swabia by her third husband King Konrad II.  m THIEMO [II] Graf, ] 

EKBERT [I] von Braunschweig, son of LIUDOLF Graf im Derlingau, Markgraf von Friesland & his wife Gertrud von Egisheim (-11 Jan 1068).  The Annalista Saxo states "genuit autem Liudolfus ex Gertrude comitissa Brunonem, qui iuxta villam Niethorp occisus est, et Ekbertum seniorem marchionem"[47].  In a later passage it names "Brunone et Ecberto comitibus, filiis Liudolfi de Bruneswic qui fuerat patruus regis"[48].  "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated "comitatum quem Brun eiusque filius noster frater Liutolfus nec non et eius filius Echbreht comites…in pagis Northduringen, Darlingen, Valen, Salthga, Grethe, Mulbeze" to the church of Hildesheim by charter dated 1051[49].  Graf von Braunschweig.  "Heinricus…rex" granted "comitatum Udonis marchionis" to the church of Bremen-Hamburg by charter dated 24 Oct 1063, with the consent of "Ottonis Baiuuariorum ducis, Bertoldi ducis, Ottonis marchionis, Fritherici comitis palatine, Ekkiberti comitis"[50].  "Heinricus…rex" granted property "duas villas Hochfeld et Suueichusen cum foresto Heiligenforst in comitatu Gerhardi comitis in pago Nortcowe" to the church of Hildesheim by charter dated 10[6]5, supported by "duce Ottone, Ekkiberto comite, item Gotescalco comite"[51].  He was installed as EKBERT I Markgraf von Meissen in early 1067, as shown by the charter dated 5 Mar 1067 under which "Heinricus…rex" donated property "in pago Istria in marcha Odalrici marchionis" to the church of Freising supported by "Ekkiberti marchionis, Odalrici marchionis"[52].  He is not, however, referred to by the title Markgraf in two subsequent charters: "Heinricus…rex" granted property "Asingvu in pago Chunzingowe et in comitatu Ekkiberti comitis" to "mulieri cuidam Lantwich" by charter dated 1067[53], and "Heinricus…rex" granted property "villam Livbeni in pago Plisni in comitatu Ecberti comitis" to "Mecelino servienti nostro" by charter dated 18 Jul 1068[54].  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Jan 1068 of "Eghbertus marchio"[55]. 

m (1058) as her second husband, IRMGARD [Aemilia/Immula] di Susa, widow of OTTO von Schweinfurt Markgraf der Nordgau, daughter of MANFREDO UDALRICO Marchese di Susa and Turin & his wife Berta degli Obertenghi (-1078 before 29 Apr).  The Annalista Saxo names "Emilias vel Immula seu Irmingardis", wife of Otto von Schweinfurt, as sister of "Adelas [uxor] Ottoni marchioni de Italia"[56].  No reference has so far been found to her second marriage. 

Ekbert [I] & his wife had two children: 

1.             EKBERT [II] von Braunschweig (-killed 3 Jul 1090).  The Notæ Sancti Blasii name "Ecbertus, Gertrudim" as children of "Ecbertum [filium Ludolfi]"[57].  "Heinricus…rex" granted property "pro remedio animæ marchionis Eggeberti…in pago Milsca in villa Goreliz sub comitatu Eggeberti filii predicti marchionis" to the cathedral of Meissen by charter dated 11 Dec 1071[58].  The Annalista Saxo describes "Ekberto comiti de Bruneswic" as patruelus of Emperor Konrad II, when recording the latter installing him as Markgraf, and names him "Ecbertus marchio iunior de Bruneswic et hec sine liberis obit" in an earlier passage[59].  Graf von Braunschweig.  He was installed as EKBERT II Markgraf von Meissen.  This was presumably after the death of his father as there is no record of any other appointment as Markgraf at that time, although Ekbert would have been very young then.  The Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses record that "Ecbertus marchio" was the founder of "Cyriaci martyris"[60].  He supported ant-king Rudolf von Rheinfelden against Heinrich IV King of Germany during the war of investitures, as shown by the charter dated 25 Mar 1079 under which "Rudolfus…rex" donated property "Rokeborthurf in pago castri Zalin", on the request of "marchionis Ekiberti pro remedio patris eius pie memorie Ekiberti marchionis", to the church of Meissen[61].  This also demonstrates that his rebellion against King Heinrich in early 1086 or before was not a new development.  The king deposed Ekbert as Markgraf and redistributed his property, as shown by the charters under which "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property to the church of Utrecht, dated 7 Feb 1086 in "comitatum Fresie nomine Ostrogowe et Westregowe…quam Eggebertus in hoc comitatu habuit"[62], and dated 3 Apr 1086 at "Islegowe…quam Ekbertus exinde habuerat" (which refers to "nos marchionem Ekbertum post priorem rebellionem adoptivus ille noster filius Ekbertus")[63].  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records that "Egbertus marchio" was killed in Jul 1090[64].  m (before 1080) ODA von Weimar, daughter of OTTO Graf von Weimar Markgraf von Meissen & his wife Adela de Louvain (-1111).  The Annalista Saxo names (in order) "Odam, Cunigundam, Adelheidam" as the three daughters of Markgraf Otto by his wife, specifying that Oda married "Ecbertus marchio iunior de Bruneswic et hec sine liberis obit"[65]. 

2.             GERTRUD von Braunschweig ([1065]-9 Dec 1117).  The Annalista Saxo names "Gertrudem, filiam Ekberti marchionis senioris, matrem Richenze inperatricis" as wife of Graf Dietrich [II][66].  In a later passage, it names "Gertrudis soror Ecberti marchionis iunioris" as wife of Graf Heinrich, specifying that she escaped with difficulty after her husband was killed[67].  Heiress of Braunschweig.  The Genealogica Wettinensis names "Gerdrude que erat de Bruneswich" as wife of "marchio Heinricus"[68].  The Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses record that "Gertrudis marchionissa filia Ecberti" was the founder of "Sancti Egidii in Brunswik"[69].  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Dec 1117 of "domina Ghertrudis marchionissa iunior"[70].  m firstly DIETRICH [II] Graf von Katlenburg, son of DIETRICH [I] Graf von Katlenburg [Stade] & his wife Bertrada of Holland (-1085).  m secondly HEINRICH "der Fette" Graf von Northeim, son of OTTO Graf von Northeim Duke of Bavaria & his wife Richenza of Swabia [Ezzonen] (-killed in battle Friesland 1101).  He was installed as Markgraf in Friesland by Emperor Heinrich III in 1101 but was killed while attempting to subdue the territory[71].  m thirdly ([1101/02]) HEINRICH I Markgraf von Meissen Graf von Eilenburg, Markgraf der Niederlausitz, son of DEDO [II] Markgraf der Niederlausitz [Wettin] & his second wife Adela de Louvain ([1070]-1103). 

Chapter 2.    HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG

A.      HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG

OTTO I 1235-1252 

WILHELM "der Dicke" von Sachsen, son of HEINRICH "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony & his second wife Matilda of England (Winchester [Jul] 1184-12 Dec 1213, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  The Chronicon Montis Serreni names (in order) "Heinricum comitem Palatinum Reni, Othonem imperatorem, Willehelmus de Luneburch, Luderum" as children of "Heinricus dux de Bruneswich" & his wife "soror Rikardi regis Anglie"[72].  The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis names "Willehelmus" as fourth son of "Heinricus dux" specifying that he was born in England, and was buried "in medio monasterio"[73].  His birth is recorded by Matthew of Paris[74].  He remained in England after his parents returned to Germany in spring 1185[75].  He and his brother Otto were given to Emperor Heinrich VI as hostages in 1194 in return for the release of Richard I King of England[76].  Herzog von Lüneburg.  He founded the town of Bleckede and granted it the trading rights which had been customary in Bardowick, a neighbouring town to Lüneburg whose trading interests had been harmed by the founding of Lübeck but whose decline was hastened after Wilhelm's father became lord of Lübeck in 1159[77].  The Annales Stadenses record the death of "Willehelmus de Luneburch" in 1212[78].  The Necrology of Lüneburg records the death "12 Dec" of "Wilhelmus dux"[79]. 

m (Hamburg Summer 1202) HELENA of Denmark, daughter of VALDEMAR I "den Store/the Great" King of Denmark & his wife Sofia Vladimirovna of Novgorod ([1175/82]-Lüneburg 22 Nov [1233], bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  The Annales Stadenses records the betrothal in Hamburg in 1202 of "sororem ducis [Danorum] Helenam" and "fratri suo [=regis Otto] Willehelmo"[80]. 

Wilhelm & his wife had one child: 

1.             OTTO von Lüneburg (1204-Braunschweig 9 Jun 1252, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Annales Stadenses name "Ottonem…infantulum [filius] Willehelmi de Luneburch" in 1212[81].  "Otto dominus de Luneborch" donated property to Kloster Diesdorf by charter dated 25 Mar 1222[82].  He inherited Göttingen from his paternal uncle Heinrich Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, and in 1232 confirmed to its citizens the rights it had enjoyed under his predecessor[83].  He was created OTTO I "das Kind" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg at Mainz in Aug 1235.  Like most northern German princes, Duke Otto supported Konrad IV King of Germany against the papal party until persuaded by Pope Innocent IV to support the latter, the new alliance being sealed by the marriage of anti-king Willem II Count of Holland to Duke Otto's daughter in 1252.  The result was that Duke Otto participated in the second election of Willem II Count of Holland as King of Germany in Brunswick 25 Mar 1252, although he gave no support to Willem during the latter's campaign in Flanders in 1253[84].  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Jun 1252 of "dux Otto de Luneborch senior"[85].  m (end 1228) MATHILDE von Brandenburg, daughter of ALBRECHT II Markgraf von Brandenburg [Askanier] & his wife Mathilde von Lensberg [Wettin] ([1206/15]-10 Jun 1261).  The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis names "Megthildem filiam Ottonis marchionis" as wife of "Ottonem filium [Willehelmi]"[86].  The Cronica Principum Saxonie records the death in 1261 of "Mechtildis uxor Otto de Lunenborch"[87].  Otto I & his wife had ten children: 

a)             MATHILDE von Braunschweig (-25 Aug or 1 Dec 1297).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem…Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that Mathilde married "Henricus Pinguis comes de Anahalt" and later became Abbess of Gernrode[88].  She was Regent in Anhalt 1266-1270 during the minority of her son.  Abbess of Gernrode 1275-1295.  m (dispensation 4^o 18 May 1245) HEINRICH II Graf von Anhalt und Aschersleben, son of HEINRICH I "der Fette" Graf von Anhalt und Aschersleben & his wife Irmgard von Thüringen (-[12 Jun/28 Sep] 1266).  Created Fürst von Anhalt 1252.  Fürst von Anhalt in Aschersleben 1253. 

b)             HELENE von Braunschweig (18 Mar 1223-6 Sep 1273, bur Wittenberg Franciscans).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem…Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the first "Helenam" married firstly "Hermannus dominus Hassie, filius beate Elisabeth" and secondly "Albertus dux Saxonie"[89].  The Annales Stadenses records the marriage "1239 die Dyonisii" of "Hermannus filius sanctæ Elizabeth" and "Elenam filiam ducis Ottonis de Brunswich"[90].  The Annales Sancti Pantaleonis Coloniensis record that "Hermannus landgravius filius sancte Elysabeth" married "filiam ducis de Brunswich"[91].  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Helenam filiam Ottonis de Brunswick" as third wife of "Albertus dux"[92].  She founded the Kloster of the Franciscan Order at Wittenberg.  m firstly ([9 Oct 1239]) HERMANN II Landgraf of Thuringia, son of LUDWIG IV "der Heilige" Landgraf of Thuringia & his wife Elisabeth of Hungary (-Kreuzberg 3 Jan 1241).  m secondly ([1247/48]) as his third wife, ALBRECHT I Duke of Saxony, son of BERNHARD I Duke of Saxony, Graf von Aschersleben und von Anhalt & his wife Judyta of Poland (-[27 Sep/7 Nov] 1260, bur Lehnin). 

c)             ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-27 May 1266, bur Middelburg Monastery).  The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Willem and "Elisabeth filiam ducis de Brunswijc"[93].  Her parentage is confirmed by the Cronica Principum Saxonie which names (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem…Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the second "Helenam" (an error for "Elisabetham") married "Wilhelmus de Hollandia rex"[94].  The date is supplied by the Annales Erphordenses which record the marriage "1252 VIII Kal Feb in beati Pauli Brunswic" of "filiam ducis Brunswicensis" and "rex Wilhelmus"[95].  Her marriage was arranged by Pope Innocent IV to attract support for the papal party from princes in northern Germany, which had until then remained in the Hohenstaufen camp[96].  The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death in 1256 of "matrona Elizabeth Romanorum regina" and her burial at Middelburg monastery[97].  m (Braunschweig 25 Jan 1252) WILLEM II Count of Holland King of Germany, son of FLORIS IV Count of Holland & his wife Mathilde de Brabant (1227-killed in battle near Hoogwoude 28 Jan 1256, bur 1262 Middleburg).   

d)             OTTO von Braunschweig (-[16 Jan 1247], bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Ottonem…Albertum…Iohannem…Conradum…Ottonem" as the sons of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the first Otto died "cadens de vehiculo glaciali"[98]. 

e)             ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (1236-Braunschweig 15 Aug 1279, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Albertum" second in its list of children of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife[99].  He succeeded his father in 1252 as ALBRECHT I "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg. 

f)               OTTO von Braunschweig (-4 Jul 1279, bur Hildesheim Cathedral).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Ottonem…Albertum…Iohannem…Conradum…Ottonem" as the sons of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the second Otto was "episcopum Hildensemensem" and died in 1279[100].  Postulat at Hildesheim cathedral 1260.  Elected Bishop of Hildesheim 1264, installed 1274.  Canon at Bremen cathedral.  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Jul 1279 of "Otto episcopus Hildens. frater Alberti ducis senioris"[101]. 

g)             JOHANN von Braunschweig, ([1242]-13 Dec 1277, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Ottonem…Albertum…Iohannem…Conradum…Ottonem" as the sons of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife[102].  He succeeded in 1267 as JOHANN Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg. 

h)             KONRAD von Braunschweig (-15 Sep 1299, bur Verdun St André).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Ottonem…Albertum…Iohannem…Conradum…Ottonem" as the sons of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that Konrad ceased to be "prepositus…in Bremen" and later was elected "in Verdensem episcopum"[103].  Provost at Bremen cathedral 1269.  Bishop of Verdun 1283. 

i)               ADELHEID von Braunschweig (-12 Jun 1274, bur Marburg Elisabethkirche).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem…Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that Adelheid married "Henricus dominus Hassie, filius filie beate Elisabet"[104].  The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the betrothal in 1258 of "Heinricus lantgravium Hesse" and "ducem de Brunswig Albertum filiam"[105].  m (before 26 Mar 1262) as his first wife, HEINRICH I Landgraf of Thuringia Herr von Hessen, son of HENRI II Duke of Brabant & his second wife Sophie von Thüringen Heiress of Hessen (24 Jun 1244-Marburg 21 Dec 1308, bur Marburg Elisabethkirche).  He succeeded in 1264 as HEINRICH I "das Kind" Landgraf Herr von Hessen.  Created Fürst by Imperial Order 10 May 1292. 

j)               AGNES von Braunschweig (-[28/31] Dec 1327).  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "Agnetem" as youngest daughter of "Ottonem senior ex Mechthilde" and her husband "Wizlaus dominus Rugie"[106].  Canoness at Quedlinburg 1263.  m ([1263/65]) WIZLAW II Fürst von Rügen, son of JAROMAR II Fürst von Rügen & his wife Euphemia von Pommerellen (-Oslo 29 Dec 1302, bur Oslo). 

ALBRECHT I 1252-1279

ALBRECHT von Braunschweig, son of OTTO I “dem Kind” Herzog von Braunschweig & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg [Askanier] (1236-Braunschweig 15 Aug 1279, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Albertum" second in its list of children of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife[107].  He succeeded his father in 1252 as ALBRECHT I "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg.  Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Braunschweig 1267, 1269.  The Annales Lubicenses record the death in 1279 of "Albertus dux de Brunswich"[108].  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in 1279 of "princeps Albertus senior dux in Brunswik"[109].  The Cronica Principum Saxonie records the death "1279 in die assumptionis" of "Albertum"[110].  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium records the death "1279 die assumptionis beate virginis" of "Albertus" and his burial "Brunswic in ecclesia sancti Blasii"[111]. 

m firstly (Braunschweig 13 Jul 1254) ELISABETH de Brabant, daughter of HENRI II Duke of Brabant & his second wife Sophie von Thüringen (1243-17 Apr or 9 Oct 1261, bur Braunschweig).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie refers to the first wife of "Albertum" as "filiam ducis Brabancie"[112].  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "Elyzabet filiam ducis Brabancie" as wife of "Albertus", specifying that she died childless in 1261[113]. 

m secondly (Kenilworth 1 Nov 1266) as her first husband, ALESSINA di Monferrato, daughter of BONIFACIO II Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Marguerite de Savoie (-6 Feb 1285).  The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1267 of "dux de Bruneswiche" and "filiam Marchisi de Monteferato, cognatam regine" at Kenilworth[114].  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "filiam marchionis Montis-Ferrati Aleidem" as second wife of "Albertus"[115].  She married secondly (1282) as his second wife, Gerhard I Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg zu Itzehoe.  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Feb 1285 of "Allexina ducissa in Brunswich et cometissa Holsacie, soror comitis Montisferranum"[116]. 

Albrecht I & his second wife had seven children:

1.             HEINRICH von Braunschweig ([Aug] 1267-Salzderhelden 7 Sep 1322, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Annales Lubicenses name "Heinricus [et] Albertus" as sons of "Albertus dux de Brunswich"[117].  He succeeded his father in 1279 as HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg.  Herzog von Braunschweig in Everstein 1285, in Grubenhagen und Salzderhelden 1291. 

-        see below, Part B. HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG-GRUBENHAGEN (Extinct 1596).  

2.             ALBRECHT von Braunschweig ([1268]-22 Sep 1318, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Annales Lubicenses name "Heinricus [et] Albertus" as sons of "Albertus dux de Brunswich", specifying that Albrecht was "vir pinguis et probus sed gulosus"[118].  He succeeded in 1291 as ALBRECHT II "der Fette/der Feiste" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Göttingen, also in Braunschweig 1294.   

-         see below, Part C. HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG-GÖTTINGEN.

3.             WILHELM von Braunschweig ([1270]-Braunschweig 30 Sep 1292, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names (in order) "Henricum, Albertum, Wilhelmum, Conradum, Othonem, Luderum et Mechtildem" as children of "Albertus" & his second wife[119].  He succeeded in 1291 as WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel.  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Sep 1292 of "dux Willilhelmus filius ducis Alberti senioris"[120].  m (1290) as her first husband, ELISABETH von Hessen, daughter of HEINRICH I "das Kind" Landgraf Herr von Hessen [later Fürst] & his second wife Mechtild von Kleve ([1276]-after 6 Jul 1306).  She married secondly ([1 Dec 1294]) Gerhard [V] Herr von Eppstein. 

4.             OTTO von Braunschweig (1271-[17 Apr 1345/13 Dec 1347]).  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names (in order) "Henricum, Albertum, Wilhelmum, Conradum, Othonem, Luderum et Mechtildem" as children of "Albertus" & his second wife[121].  Comtur of the Order of Knights Templar at Süpplingenburg 1303/04. 

5.             KONRAD von Braunschweig ([1273]-Süpplingenburg 1303, bur Letznersdorf).  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names (in order) "Henricum, Albertum, Wilhelmum, Conradum, Othonem, Luderum et Mechtildem" as children of "Albertus" & his second wife[122]. 

6.             LÜDER von Braunschweig ([1275]-near Stuhm 18 Apr 1335, bur Königsberg Cathedral).  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names (in order) "Henricum, Albertum, Wilhelmum, Conradum, Othonem, Luderum et Mechtildem" as children of "Albertus" & his second wife[123].  Comtur of the Teutonic Order of Knights at Frankfurt-am-Main 1287, Knight 1297.  He succeeded Werner von Orseln as Grand Master of the Teutonic Order of Knights 17 Feb 1331.  He adopted a more hostile policy towards Poland.  Despite their defeat by Polish forces at Płowce 27 Sep 1331, the Teutonic Knights captured Brześć and Inowrocław in 1332.  A stable peace with Poland was negotiated at Wyszegrad in 1335[124].  The Annales Terræ Prussicæ record the death in 1335 of "magister Lutherus dux de Braunschweigk"[125]. 

7.             MECHTILD von Braunschweig ([1276]-[26 Apr/31 Aug] 1318, bur Glogau).  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names (in order) "Henricum, Albertum, Wilhelmum, Conradum, Othonem, Luderum et Mechtildem" as children of "Albertus" & his second wife[126].  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "duci Glogovie" as husband of "Mechtildis [filia Alberti]" and their marriage "1291 mense Maio"[127].  The Epytaphia ducum Slezie name "Mechtildam, filiam ducis de Brunzwik" as wife of "Heynricus dux Glogowie", specifying that she was buried in Lüben[128].  m (May 1291) HEINRICH I Duke of Glogau, son of KONRAD I Duke of Glogau [Piast] & his first wife Salomea of Poland [Piast] ([1251/60]-[7/9] Dec 1309, bur Kloster Leubus). 

JOHANN 1267-1277, OTTO II 1277-1330, OTTO III 1330-1352, WILHELM 1330-1369 

JOHANN von Braunschweig, son of OTTO I “dem Kind” Herzog von Braunschweig & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg [Askanier] ([1242]-13 Dec 1277, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Ottonem…Albertum…Iohannem…Conradum… Ottonem" as the sons of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife[129].  He succeeded in 1267 as JOHANN Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg.  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Dec 1277 of "Iohannes dux de Luneborch"[130].  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium records the death "1277 XVII Kal Ian" of "Johannes"[131]. 

m (Hamburg 1265, after 15 Jul) as her first husband, LIUTGARD von Holstein, daughter of GERHARD I Graf von Holstein in Itzehoe & his first wife Elisabeth von Mecklenburg ([1251]-after 28 Feb 1289, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  The Annales Hamburgenses record the marriage in 1265 at Hamburg of "dux Iohannes de Bruneswich" and "filiam comitis Gerardi"[132].  She married secondly as his second wife, Albrecht I Graf von Anhalt in Köthen. 

Johann & his wife had five children: 

1.             OTTO von Braunschweig (-9/10 Apr 1330, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "Ottonem" as son of "Johannes" & his wife and his death in 1329[133].  He succeeded his father in 1277 as OTTO II "der Strenge" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg.  m firstly --- von Oldenburg, daughter of OTTTO [II] Graf von Oldenburg & his wife Oda von Sternburg.  m secondly (Dispensation 4^o Würzburg 29 Mar 1287, [24 Apr/7 Aug] 1288) MECHTILD von Bayern, daughter of LUDWIG II "der Strenge" Duke of Bavaria, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein & his third wife Mechtild von Habsburg (1275-Lüneburg 28 Mar 1319, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and her marriage has not so far been identified.  Mistress (1): GERTRUD von Winsen, daughter of ---.  Otto II & his second wife had seven children:

a)             MECHTILD von Braunschweig .  m ([Crivitz 10 Jul 1314]) as his second wife, NIKOLAUS [II] Herr von Werle zu Parchim, son of JOHANN [I] Herr von Werle zu Parchim [Mecklenburg] & his wife Sophie von Lindau-Ruppin (-Pustow 12 Oct 1316).

b)             JOHANN von Braunschweig (-[8/28] Sep 1324, bur Walsrode.  Canon at Minden cathedral 1313.  Canon at Hildesheim and Verden cathedrals 1315.  Scholasticus and administrator at Bremen cathedral 1315-1322.  Canon at Minden cathedral 1324.  

c)             OTTO von Braunschweig (1296-19 Aug 1352, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  He succeeded his father in 1330 as OTTO III joint Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg, jointly with his brother Wilhelm.  m (contract Artlenburg 11 Aug 1307, Papal dispensation 4^o Poitiers 4 May 1308, 22 Mar 1310) MECHTILD von Mecklenburg, daughter of HEINRICH II "der Löwe" Fürst von Mecklenburg Herr von Stargard & his first wife Beatrix von Brandenburg (1293-3 Jun after 1358, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  Otto III & his wife had three children: 

i)               OTTO von Braunschweig (-Emmendorf in der Ilmenau young).  He drowned. 

ii)             ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-20 Feb [1386]).  Abbess of Wienhausen 1359-1381.  

iii)            MECHTILD von Braunschweig (-7 Sep before 1357).  m (Dispensation Avignon 11 Apr 1335 & 5 Jun 1339) OTTO [II] Graf von Waldeck (-11 Nov [1369]).

d)             WILHELM von Braunschweig (-23 Nov 1369, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  He succeeded his father in 1330 as WILHELM joint Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg, jointly with his brother Otto III.  He ruled solely after his brother's death 1352.  m firstly (before 7 Apr 1328) HEDWIG von Ravensberg, daughter of OTTO [IV] Graf von Ravensberg & his wife Margareta von Berg (-5 Dec 1336, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  m secondly MARIA, daughter of --- (-before 2 Feb 1341).  m thirrdly (Magdeburg 12 Mar 1346) SOPHIE von Anhalt, daughter of BERNHARD III Fürst von Anhalt in Bernburg & his first wife Agnes von Sachsen-Wittenberg (-18 Dec 1362, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  m fourthly (24 Jun 1363) AGNES von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of ERICH II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Agnes von Holstein (-after 7 Jan 1387, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  Wilhelm & his first wife had one child:

i)               ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-17 Apr 1384).  The Chronicon Holtzatiæ refers to the wife of "Nicolaus comes" as mother of "Alberti ducis Saxonie"[134].  m firstly (10 Oct 1339, dispensation 3^o & 4^o Avignon 22 Sep 1346) OTTO von Sachsen-Wittenberg, son of RUDOLF I Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg & his first wife Judith von Brandenburg (-30 Mar 1350).  m secondly (1354) NIKOLAUS von Holstein-Rendsburg, son of GERHARD III "der Grosse" Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg Herzog von Schleswig & his wife Sophie von Werle ([1321]-8 May 1397, bur Itzehoe).  He succeeded in 1390 as NIKOLAUS Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg. 

Wilhelm & his second wife had one child:

ii)             MECHTILD von Braunschweig ([1338/41]-after 16 May 1410).  m firstly (1355 after 13 Jun, dispensation Avignon 20 Jan 1359) LUDWIG Herzog von Braunschweig, son of MAGNUS I "dem Frommen" Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen & his wife Sophie von Brandenburg (-5 Nov 1367, bur Wienhausen).  Co-regent in Lüneburg 1355.  m secondly (25 Jun 1368) OTTO I Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Schaumburg und Pinneberg, son of ADOLF VI Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Schaumburg und Pinneberg & his wife Helene von Sachsen (-16 Mar 1404). 

e)             LUDWIG von Braunschweig (-18 Jul 1346, bur Walsrode Klosterkirche).  Canon at Lübeck cathedral 1312.  Provost of St Blasius at Braunschweig until 1325.  Bishop of Minden 1324. 

f)               LUITGARD von Braunschweig (-16 Apr 1338).  Abbess of Wienhausen 1328/36. 

g)             JUTTA von Braunschweig (-16 Aug 1342).  Abbess of Wienhausen 1338.

Otto II had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): 

h)              LUDOLF von Lüneburg .  1326/55.  Provost at Medingen.

2.             AGNES von Braunschweig (-before 27 Jun 1297).  m ([1283]) WERNER [I] von Hadmersleben Graf zu Friedeburg Herr von Egeln.  1269/1314.

3.             MECHTILD von Braunschweig (-Wienhausen 8 Jan after 1308, bur Kloster Wienhausen).  m (1291) as his second wife, HEINRICH [I] Herr zu Werle zu Güstrow, son of NIKOLAUS [I] Herr zu Werle zu Rostock [Mecklenburg] & his wife Jutta von Anhalt (-murdered near Saal, Rügen 8 Oct 1291). 

4.             ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-[20 May 1294/1298]).  m (before 7 Mar 1294) JOHANN [II] Graf von Oldenburg, son of CHRISTIAN [III] Graf von Oldenburg & his wife Hedwig von Oldenburg (-[7 Sep 1314/4 Dec 1316).

5.             HELENE von Braunschweig (-4 Mar ----, bur Wernigerode St Silvestri).  1283.  m (before 1315) KONRAD [III] Graf von Wernigerode (-22 Jul 1339, bur Wernigerode St Silvestri).

Johann had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: 

6.              HEINRICH von Braunschweig (-before 23 Aug 1324).  Provost at Walsrode 1306/23.

B.      HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG-GRUBENHAGEN (Extinct 1596)

HEINRICH I 1291-1322, HEINRICH II 1322-1351

HEINRICH von Braunschweig, son of ALBRECHT "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his second wife Alessina di Monferrato ([Aug] 1267-Salzderhelden 7 Sep 1322, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Annales Lubicenses name "Heinricus [et] Albertus" as sons of "Albertus dux de Brunswich"[135].  He succeeded his father in 1279 as HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg.  Herzog von Braunschweig in Everstein 1285, in Grubenhagen und Salzderhelden 1291.  "Henricus dux de Buneswich" donated property to Kloster Diesdorf by charter dated 30 May 1291 for the soul of "pater noster…clare memorie Dux Albertus quondam de Bruneswich"[136].  Pfalzgraf von Sachsen 1320.  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death "Nativitas Sancte Marie 1322" of "princeps dux Hinricus de Brunswich filius ducis Alberti senioris"[137]. 

m (1282 before 21 Jul) AGNES von Meissen, daughter of ALBRECHT "dem Entarteten" Markgraf von Meissen & his first wife Margareta von Hohenstaufen (before 1264-after 1 Feb 1332).  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "filiam Alberti lantgravii Thuringie Agnetem" as wife of "Henricus [filius Alberti]"[138].  The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. 

Heinrich I & his wife had sixteen children: 

1.             ALSINE von Braunschweig ([1282]-after 17 Nov 1312).  m ([1306]) FRIEDRICH Graf von Beichlingen-Rothenburg (-before 1336). 

2.             OTTO von Braunschweig ([1283]-before 21 Sep 1309).  

3.             ALBRECHT von Braunschweig ([1284]-after 1341).  Knight of the Teutonic Order 1320/31.  Comtur of the Teutonic Order in Mewe 1332/33.  Landcomtur of the Teutonic Order in Prussia 1336, in Etsch 1335/38. 

4.             ADELHEID von Braunschweig ([1285]-18 Aug 1320, bur Stams).  m (Innsbruck 18 Sep 1315) as his second wife, HEINRICH II Duke of Carinthia, HEINRICH VI Graf von Tirol, son of MEINHARD II Duke of Carinthia [MEINHARD IV Graf von Görz und Tirol] & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern (-Schloß Tirol 2 Apr 1335, bur Stams). 

5.             FACIE von Braunschweig ([1286]-[21 Sep 1309/17 Nov 1312]).  

6.             AGNES von Braunschweig ([1287]-after 7 Sep 1332).  Nun of St Jacob at Osterode 1302.  

7.             HEINRICH von Braunschweig ([1289]-[10 Apr/8 Jun] 1351, bur Grubenhagen).  He succeeded his father in 1322 as HEINRICH II "der Junge" Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen.  m firstly (before 16 Apr 1318) JUTTA von Brandenburg, daughter of HEINRICH I "Ohne Land" Markgraf von Brandenburg [Askanier] & his wife Agnes von Bayern ([1299/1306]-[15 Jul 1325/early Feb 1327]).  m secondly (23 Aug 1330) HELVIS Ibelin, daughter of PHILIPPE Ibelin Seneschal of Cyprus and Jerusalem & his second wife Zabel of Lampron (1307-after 25 May 1347).  The Chronicle of Amadi records the arrival in Cyprus from Germany 23 Aug, in 1330 from the context, of "Henrico duca de Verzvic et signor della terra de Oro" for his marriage to "madona Chielvis de Iblim, figliola de messer Philippo, olim sinescalco de Cypro" whom he took back with him to Germany[139].  Heinrich II & his first wife had four children:

a)             AGNES von Braunschweig ([end 1318]-1371 after 2 Jun, bur Stettin St Otto, transferred 1375 to Stettin Marienkirche). m BARNIM von Pommern, son of OTTO I Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his second wife Elisabeth von Holstein (before 1300-24 Aug 1368).  He succeeded his father in 1344 as BARNIM III Duke of Pomerania in Stettin. 

b)             OTTO von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen ([1320]-Foggia castle [1 Dec 1398/13 May 1399]).  He was in the service of his cousin Giovanni II Paleologo Marchese di Monferrato[140], at whose court he lived at Casale with his first wife.  Regent of Monferrato 1372 during the minority of Otto [Secondotto] Marchese di Monferrato, who was his godson.  His fourth wife awarded him the titles Principe di Tarento and Conte di Acerra in 1376.  He was defeated and imprisoned at Altamura by Carlo di Durazzo 26 Aug 1381.  Having escaped to Avignon in 1384, he plotted in favour of Louis II Duc d’Anjou but eventually supported King Ladislas.  After the death of Charles III King of Sicily, he returned to Naples where he captured the castle of Tarento.  He became a supporter of Ladislas King of Sicily in 1388.  He was captured and obliged to sell his fief of Acerra to raise money for his ransom[141].  m firstly (1352) as her second husband, VIOLANTE de Vilaragut, widow of don JAIME III King of Mallorca [Aragón], daughter of BERENGUER de Vilaragut & his second wife doña Saura de Mallorca (-before 1372).  Vicomtesse d'Omélas 1352/62.  m secondly (Naples Castello Nuevo 25/28 Mar [25 Sep] 1376) as her fourth husband, JEANNE I Queen of Sicily, widow firstly of ANDRÁS Prince of Hungary, secondly of LOUIS di Tarento Duca di Calabria, thirdly of Infante don JAIME de Mallorca titular King of Mallorca [Aragón], daughter of CHARLES of Sicily Duca di Calabria [Anjou-Capet] & his second wife Marie de Valois (Naples [1328]-strangled Castello San Fele/Muro, Basilicate 22 May 1382, bur Naples Santa Chiara).  

c)             JOHANN von Braunschweig (-after 4 Dec 1371).  Provost of St Paul at Halberstadt.

d)             LUDWIG von Braunschweig (-after 26 May 1373).  Canon at Camin cathedral 1342/73. 

Heinrich II & his second wife had seven children:

e)             RIDDAG von Braunschweig ([1334]-[before 1 Apr 1367]). 

f)               PHILIPP von Braunschweig ([1332]-4 Aug 1369).  Constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem at the court of Cyprus 1360.  The Chronicle of Amadi records the death 4 Aug, in 1369 from the context, of "messer Philippo conte de Bresivie, qual era maridato con la regina Alis del re Hugo"[142].  m firstly (Papal dispensation 3^o & 4^o 17 Sep 1352) as her second husband, ALIX de Dampierre, widow of AGNE de Bethsan, daughter of EUDES de Dampierre Constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem & his wife ---.  m secondly (after 1359, Papal dispensation 3^o 29 May 1368) as her second husband, ALIX Ibelin, widow of HUGUES IV King of Cyprus, daughter of GUY Ibelin & his wife Isabelle Ibelin ([1304/06]-after 6 Aug 1386, bur Dominican Church).  Philipp & his first wife had two children:

i)               HELVIS von Braunschweig ([1353]-15 Jan 1421, bur Nicosia San Domenico).  The Lignages d'Outremer name "Chielvis figliola de Philipo de Bresiny" as wife of "Giacomo, l'altro figliolo del re Hugo…re de Hierusalem e de Cypro"[143].  The Chronicle of Amadi names "madona Chelvis di Bresvig" as wife of the Constable of Cyprus[144].  The Chronicle of Amadi records that "madama Chelvis de Bresivich, moglie del contestabile" was reduced to manual labour during her husband's imprisonment before joining him in his prison[145].  The Chronicle of Amadi records the death of "la regina Chelvis madre del re" and her burial beside her husband, without stating either the day or the year but subsequent to the passage which records the death of her daughter-in-law Queen Charlotte (in 1422)[146].  m (Papal dispensation 1 May 1365) JACQUES of Cyprus, son of HUGUES IV King of Cyprus & his second wife Alice Ibelin ([1334]-Nicosia 9 Sep 1398, bur Nicosia San Domenico).  He succeeded in 1385 as JACQUES I King of Cyprus and Armenia.

ii)             JOHANN von Braunschweig (-11 Jun 1414, bur Omoloitadis, Nicosia, Cyprus).  Admiral of Cyprus 1407. 

g)             BALTHASAR von Braunschweig ([1336]-Castel Sant'Elmo after 14 Jan 1384).  Canon of St Blasius at Braunschweig 1354/61.  He was awarded the title Despot of Romania in 1376 by his sister-in-law Jeanne I Queen of Sicily, who also arranged his marriage.  After Queen Jeanne was deposed, Balthasar was captured by her successor Charles III and blinded 5 Aug 1382 in the Market Place of Naples on his orders.  He died in prison[147].  m (1379) as her first husband, GIACOBELLA Caetani, daughter of ONORATO Caetani Conte di Fondi & his wife Catarina del Balzo (-after 25 May 1400).  She married secondly Henri de Blois-Châtillon Despot of Romania (-after 31 Jul 1400). 

h)             THOMAS von Braunschweig (-[Nordhausen 1384]).  Augustine monk at Nordhausen. 

i)               HELVIS von Braunschweig .  m LOUIS de Nores, Lord in Cyprus (-1369).

j)               daughter . 

k)             MELCHIOR von Braunschweig ([1341]-Bützow 6 Jun 1384, bur Bützow St Elisabethkirche).  Canon of St Otto at Stettin 1358.  Postulat 1366.  Bishop of Osnabrück 1369-1375.  Bishop of Schwerin 1376-1381. 

8.             FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig ([1291]-[Lombardy 1323]).  Monk at Volkerode 1313, in Tirol 1316.  

9.             ADELHEID von Braunschweig ([1293]-Rhaidestes 16 Aug 1324, Constantinople Libis monastery).  She adopted the name EIRENE in Byzantium.  m (Mar 1318) as his first wife, co-Emperor ANDRONIKOS, son of co-Emperor MIKHAEL IX & his wife Rita [Maria] of Armenia (1296-15 Jun 1341).  He succeeded in 1328 as Emperor ANDRONIKOS III on the forced abdication of his grandfather.   

10.         KONRAD von Braunschweig ([1294]-after 21 Dec 1320).  Cistercian monk.

11.         MECHTILD von Braunschweig ([1295]-before 14 Mar 1344, bur Röbel Dominican monastery).  m (contract Eisenach 23 Oct 1311, before 22 May 1318) JOHANN [II] Herr von Werle, son of JOHANN [I] Herr von Werle zu Parchim [Mecklenburg] & his wife Sophie von Lindau-Ruppin (-27 Aug 1337, bur Doberan).  

12.         ERNST von Braunschweig ([1297]-11 Mar 1361, bur Einbeck St Alexander).  He succeeded in 1325 as ERNST I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen zu Einbeck, 1327 zu Everstein, 1334 zu Osterode, 1335 zu Hameln. 

13.         WILHELM von Braunschweig ([1298]-[21 Jun/25 Jul] 1360).  He succeeded in 1325 as WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen zu Burg Osterode Burg Lichtenstein und Lauterburg, and (until 1358) at 1/3 Duderstadt.  

14.         RICHARDIS von Braunschweig ([1300]-).  Nun of St Jacob at Osterode 1331/32.

15.         MARGARETA von Braunschweig (-after 17 Nov 1312).

16.         JOHANN von Braunschweig (-1367).  Canon at Münster cathedral 1320/67, at Mainz cathedral 1325/66.  Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1327.  Provost of St Blasius at Braunschweig 1332-before 1342.  Canon at Hildesheim cathedral 1341/62.  Provost at Halberstadt cathedral 1341.  .  

ERNST I 1325-1361, ALBRECHT I 1361-1383, JOHANN II 1361-1401, ERNST II 1384-1402, FRIEDRICH 1384-1421, OTTO II 1404-1452

ERNST von Braunschweig, son of HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Grubenhagen und Salzderhelden & his wife Agnes von Meissen ([1297]-11 Mar 1361, bur Einbeck St Alexander).  He succeeded in 1325 as ERNST I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen zu Einbeck, 1327 zu Everstein, 1334 zu Osterode, 1335 zu Hameln. 

m ([10 May 1335/9 Jun 1336]) ADELHEID von Everstein, daughter of HEINRICH [II] Graf von Everstein (-after 29 Sep 1373). 

Ernst I & his wife had nine children: 

1.             OTTO von Braunschweig ([1337]-young).

2.             ALBRECHT von Braunschweig ([1339]-Salzderhelden [11 Aug/22 Sep] 1383, bur Einbeck St Alexander).  He succeeded in 1359 as ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Salzderhelden, succeeded his father in 1361 jointly with his brother Johann II in Grubenhagen und Einbeck.  m (before 17 Aug 1372) AGNES von Braunschweig, daughter of MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg & his wife Katharina von Anhalt (-21 Mar 1410).  Albrecht I & his wife had one child: 

a)             ERICH von Braunschweig ([1380]-28 May 1427, bur Einbeck St Alexander).  He succeeded his father in 1383 as ERICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen.   

3.             JOHANN von Braunschweig (-18 Jan 1401).  He succeeded his father in 1361 as JOHANN II Joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen.  Canon at Hildesheim cathedral until 1362, resigned.  Canon and Franciscan monk at Einbeck until 1366.  Canon of St Viktor at Mainz 1366.  Carthusian prior 1378/1401.   

4.             ADELHEID von Braunschweig ([1341]-[3 May 1406]).  m ([1362]) as his second wife, BOGISLAW V Duke of Pomerania in Hinterpommern, son of WARTISLAW IV Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast und Hinterpommern & his wife Elisabeth von Lindau-Ruppin ([1318/19]-7 Dec 1373). 

5.             AGNES von Braunschweig ([1342]-after 5 Nov 1394).  m (before 1362) ULRICH Graf von Honstein in Kelbra (-after 11 Sep 1414).

6.             ANNA von Braunschweig ([1343]-before 1409).  m (before 5 Jan 1364) HEINRICH [VIII] Graf von Honstein in Kelbra (-[1408/09]).

7.             ERNST von Braunschweig ([1346]-[13 Jul 1400/21 May 1402]).  Canon at Hildesheim cathedral.  Abbot of Corvey 1369, deposed.  Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1372.  He succeeded in 1384 as ERNST II Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Herzberg. 

8.             FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig ([1350]-1421, bur Einbeck).  He succeeded in 1384 as FRIEDRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Herzberg, in Salzderhelden 1397, in Herzberg & Osterode 1402.  m ADELHEID von Anhalt, daughter of --- (-after 29 Sep 1405).  Friedrich & his wife had one child: 

a)             OTTO von Braunschweig ([1396]-[6 Jan/16 Apr] 1452).  Custos of Halberstadt cathedral 1403.  He succeeded in 1404 as OTTO II Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Herzberg.  Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1408.  m ([18 Jul/22 Sep] 1414) SCHONETTE von Nassau, widow of HEINRICH von Homburg, daughter of JOHANN I Graf von Nassau-Weilburg (-Hildesheim 25 Apr 1436, bur Hildesheim cathedral).  Otto II had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: 

i)               OTTO "Ottonis" .  Priest at St Katharina 1444/63.  Canon of St Blasius at Braunschweig 1444/59. 

9.             ANNA von Braunschweig ([1360]-after 10 May 1437).  Nun 1394.  Abbess of St Jacob and St Maria at Osterode 1397-before 28 Oct 1404.  Nun at Osterode 1405/37.

ERICH 1383-1427, HEINRICH 1427-1464, ERNST III 1427-1464, HEINRICH IV 1464-1526 

ERICH von Braunschweig, son of ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Agnes von Braunschweig-Lüneburg ([1380]-28 May 1427, bur Einbeck St Alexander).  He succeeded his father in 1383 as ERICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, minor until 1398. 

m ([1/14] Jul 1405) ELISABETH von Braunschweig-Göttingen, daughter of OTTO "dem Quaden" Herzog von Braunschweig-Göttingen & his second wife Margareta von Berg ([1390]-after 29 Sep 1444). 

Erich & his wife had eight children: 

1.             AGNES von Braunschweig ([1406]-18 Sep 1439).  Abbess of Gandersheim 1412. 

2.             SOPHIE von Braunschweig ([1407]-[6 Jan/30 Apr] 1485).  Sacristan at Gandersheim 1432/49.  Abbess of Möllenbeck 1440/41.  Abbess of Gandersheim 1467.

3.             ELISABETH von Braunschweig ([1409]-4 Oct 1452).  Postulate at Gandersheim 1439.  Abbess of Gandersheim 1440.  m (1431) as his second wife, KASIMIR V Duke of Pomerania in Stettin, son of SWANTIBOR I Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his wife Anna von Nürnberg (after 1380-12 Apr 1435).

4.             MARGARETA von Braunschweig ([1411]-after 31 Oct 1456).  m ([30 Aug 1426]) SIMON [IV] zur Lippe (-11 Aug 1429, bur Wilbasen).

5.             ANNA von Braunschweig (1415-Nannhofen 9 Oct 1474, bur Andechs).  m firstly (Munich [6 Nov 1435/22 Jan 1437]) ALBRECHT von Bayern, son of ERNST I Duke of Bavaria-Munich & his wife Elisabetta Visconti of Milan (Munich 23 Mar 1401-Munich 29 Feb 1460, bur Andechs).  He succeeded his father in 1438 as ALBRECHT III "der Fromme" Duke of Bavaria-Munich.  m secondly (Munich Feb 1463, divorced 1467) as his first wife, FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, son of WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his first wife Cäcilie von Brandenburg (-Münden 6 Mar 1495, bur Münden St Blasius).  He succeeded in 1482 as FRIEDRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Calenberg. 

6.             HEINRICH von Braunschweig ([1416]-Grubenhagen [27 May/20 Dec] 1464, bur Einbeck St Alexander).  He succeeded his father in 1427 as HEINRICH III joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor until 1437.  m (before 27 Jun 1457) as her third husband, MARGARETA von Sagan, widow firstly of VOLRAD Graf von Mansfeld and secondly of HEINRICH XI Graf von Honstein-Klettenberg, daughter of JOHANN I Duke of Sagan [Piast] & his wife Scholastika von Sachsen-Wittenberg ([1415/25]-Salzderhelden after 9 May 1491).  Heinrich III & his wife had two children: 

a)             OTTO von Braunschweig ([1458]-young).

b)             HEINRICH von Braunschweig ([1460]-Salzderhelden 6 Dec 1526).  He succeeded his father in 1464 as HEINRICH IV Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, minor until 1476.  In Salzderhelden 1481.  He agreed to divide Grubenhagen in two with his uncle Duke Albrecht III in 1483[148].  m (Einbeck 26 Aug 1494) ELISABETH von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of JOHANN V Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Dorothea von Brandenburg (-after 7 Apr 1542[149]).

7.             ERNST von Braunschweig ([1418]-[26 May/20 Dec] 1464, bur Einbeck).  He succeeded his father in 1427 as ERNST III joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor until 1441.  Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1446.  Canon at Halberstadt cathedral 1464. 

8.             ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (1 Nov 1419-15 Aug 1485, bur Osterode St Jacob).  He succeeded his father in 1427 as ALBRECHT III joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers. 

ALBRECHT III 1427-1485, PHILIPP I 1485-1551, ERNST IV 1485-[1494], ERICH 1485-1532, ERNST V 1551-1567, WOLFGANG 1567-1595, PHILIPP II 1567-1596

ALBRECHT von Braunschweig, son of ERICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Göttingen (1 Nov 1419-15 Aug 1485, bur Osterode St Jacob).  He succeeded his father in 1427 as ALBRECHT III joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor until 1441.  In Herzberg and Osterode 1481.  He agreed to divide Grubenhagen in two with his nephew Duke Heinrich IV in 1483[150]. 

m (Einbeck 15 Oct 1471) ELISABETH von Waldeck, daughter of VOLRAD Graf von Waldeck (-after 15 Mar 1513).  Regent for her sons 1485-1493. 

Albrecht III & his wife had five children: 

1.             JUST von Braunschweig (b and d Salzderhelden 1472, bur Einbeck Augustinerkirche).

2.             SOPHIE von Braunschweig ([1474]-[1481]). 

3.             PHILIPP von Braunschweig ([1476]-Herzberg 4 Sep 1551, bur Osterode Ägidiuskirche).  He succeeded his father in 1485 as PHILIPP I joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor until 1495.  He converted to Lutheranism in 1526.  m firstly (before 1508) --- (-1509).  m secondly (1517) KATHARINA von Mansfeld, daughter of ERNST II Graf von Mansfeld (1 Oct 1501-Herzberg 1535, bur Osterode St Jacob).  Philipp I & his first wife had one child:

a)             PHILIPP von Braunschweig (1509-Herzberg 1512, bur Herzberg). 

Philipp I & his second wife had nine children:

b)             ERNST von Braunschweig (17 Dec 1518-Herzberg 2 Apr 1567, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche).  Canon at Paderborn cathedral 1530.  Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1530, resigned 1549.  He succeeded his father in 1551 as ERNST V Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen.  Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg 1566.  m (Wolgast 9 Oct 1547) MARGARETA von Pommern, daughter of GEORG I Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast & his first wife Amalia von der Pfalz (May 1518-Salzderhelden 24 Jun 1569, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche).

i)               ELISABETH von Braunschweig (Salzderhelden 20 Mar 1550-Osterholm auf Alsen 11 Feb 1586, bur Sonderburg Schloßkapelle).  m (Kolding 19 Sep 1568) as his first wife, JOHANN Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, son of CHRISTIAN III King of Denmark and Norway & his wife Dorothea von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1545-Glücksburg 9 Oct 1622, bur Sonderburg Schloßkapelle). 

c)             ELISABETH von Braunschweig (18 Mar 1520-1520, bur Osterode St Jacob).

d)             ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (Herzberg 20/21 Oct 1521-killed in battle Nördlingen 20 Oct 1546, bur Nördlingen St Georg).  Rector of Wittenberg University 1535.  

e)             PHILIPP von Braunschweig (10 Jul 1523-Herzberg 1531, bur Herzberg).  

f)               KATHARINA von Braunschweig (30 Aug 1524-Saalfeld 24 Feb 1581, bur Saalfeld St Johannes).  m firstly (Torgau 12 Feb 1542) JOHANN ERNST Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg (-Coburg 8 Feb 1553, bur Coburg).  m secondly (Saalfeld 4 Dec 1559) PHILIPP I Graf von Schwarzburg-Leutenberg (-Leipzig 8 Oct 1564, bur Leutenberg).

g)             JOHANN von Braunschweig (28 May 1526-killed in battle Saint-Quentin 2 Sep 1557, bur Cambrai).  

h)             BARBARA von Braunschweig (Herzberg 25 Jan 1528-summer 1528, bur Herzberg). 

i)               WOLFGANG von Braunschweig (Herzberg 6 Apr 1531-Herzberg 14 Mar 1595, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche).  He succeeded his brother 1567 as WOLFGANG Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Katlenburg und Grubenhagen.  m (Osterode 10 Dec 1570) DOROTHEA von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of FRANZ I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sibylle von Sachsen-Freiberg (Lüneburg 11 Mar 1543-Herzberg 5 Apr 1586, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche). 

j)               PHILIPP von Braunschweig (Herzberg 2 May 1533-Herzberg 4 Apr 1596, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche).  He succeeded his brother in 1567 as PHILIPP II Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Herzberg und Osterode.  He succeeded his brother in 1595 in Grubenhagen.  Heinrich Julius Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel succeeded him as in Grubenhagen.  m (Wolfenbüttel 1 Jul 1560) KLARA von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, daughter of HEINRICH II "dem Jüngeren" Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his first wife Marie von Württemberg (16 Nov 1532-Herzberg 23 Nov 1595, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche). 

4.             ERNST von Braunschweig ([1477]-[2 Sep 1494/13 Mar 1496]).  He succeeded his father in 1485 as ERNST IV joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor. 

5.             ERICH von Braunschweig ([1478]-Fürstenau 14 May 1532, bur Osnabrück cathedral).  He succeeded his father in 1485 as ERICH joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor until 1495.  Canon at Paderborn cathedral 1503.  Elected Bishop of Osnabrück 1508, installed 1509.  Elected Bishop of Münster 1532.

C.      HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG-GÖTTINGEN

ALBRECHT II 1291-1318, OTTO 1318-1344, ERNST 1318-1366, OTTO 1366-1394, OTTO 1394-1435

ALBRECHT von Braunschweig, son of ALBRECHT "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his second wife Alessina di Monferrato ([1268]-22 Sep 1318, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Annales Lubicenses name "Heinricus [et] Albertus" as sons of "Albertus dux de Brunswich", specifying that Albrecht was "vir pinguis et probus sed gulosus"[151].  He succeeded in 1291 as ALBRECHT II "der Fette/der Feiste" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Göttingen, also in Braunschweig 1294.  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Sep 1318 of "princeps dux Albertus de Brusnwich filius ducis Alberti senioris"[152]. 

m (10 Jan 1284) RICHSA von Werle, daughter of HEINRICH I Herr von Werle zu Güstrow [Mecklenburg] & his first wife Richiza Birgersdotter of Sweden (-after 2 Oct 1312, bur Göttingen Barfüsser-Kloster).  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "filiam Henrici domini de Werle" as wife of "Albertus [filius Alberti]"[153]. 

Albrecht II & his wife had thirteen children: 

1.             ADELHEID von Braunschweig (25 Mar 1290-[14 Mar/12 Oct] 1311, bur Kassel Kloster Ahnsburg).  Twin with her brother Otto.  m (Jul 1306) JOHANN Landgraf von Hessen Herr von Niederhessen, son of HEINRICH I "das Kind" Fürst und Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his second wife Mechtild von Kleve ([1278/82]-Kassel 16/22 Feb 1311, bur Kassel Kloster Ahnsberg).  

2.             OTTO von Braunschweig (25 Mar 1290-Göttingen 30 Aug 1344, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses name "Otto filius ducis Alberti iunioris" when recording that "circa festi sancti Iohanne baptiste 1311" he was knighted by "marchione Woldemaro" when aged 19[154].  Twin with his sister Adelheid.  He succeeded his father in 1318 as OTTO "der Milde" Joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen, jointly with his two brothers.  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in 1344 of "princeps dux Otto in Brunswick filius ducis Alberti iunioris"[155].  m firstly ([24 Mar/2 Oct] 1311) JUTTA von Hessen, daughter of HEINRICH I "das Kind" Fürst und Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his second wife Mechtild von Kleve (-13 Oct 1317, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Oct 1317 of "Iutta ducissa uxor Ottonis ducis", in a later passage recording that "uxoris sue [=dux Otto] prioris Iutte filie lanrgravii" died "1318 3 Id Oct"[156].  m secondly ([16 Sep/22 Dec] 1319, dispensation 4^o 10 Dec 1320) as her second husband, AGNES von Brandenburg, widow of WALDEMAR Markgraf von Brandenburg, daughter of HERMANN II Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Anna of Austria ([1296/98]-28 Nov 1334).  "Agnes ducissa Brunswiccensis" donated property to Kloster Arendsee with the consent of "domini et ducis Brunswiccensis conthoralis noster" by charter dated 6 Jun 1322 for the souls of "nostrorum progenitorum dominorum marchionum quondam Brandenburgensium"[157].  "Otto Dux in Bruneswich…Agnes conthoralis nostra" renounced rights in territories Brandenburg by charter dated 4 May 1323[158].  The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in 1334 of "Agnes ducissa uxor ducis Ottonis de Brunswich"[159]. 

3.             ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (-13 Oct 1359, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1313/24.  Canon and provost of St Nicolas at Magdeburg 1316.  Canon at Paderborn cathedral 1319/31.  Canon at Halberstadt cathedral 1319.  Bishop of Halberstadt 1325-1357.

4.             WILHELM von Braunschweig ([1295]-before 1318).  Teutonic Knight 1313.  

5.             HEINRICH von Braunschweig ([1296/97]-6 Feb 1363, bur Hildesheim Cathedral).  Canon at Hildesheim cathedral 1319/31.  Canon at Paderborn cathedral and provost of St Cyriacus at Braunschweig 1329/31.  Elected Bishop of Hildesheim 1331, installed 1354.

6.             LÜDER von Braunschweig (-after 17 May 1319).  

7.             JOHANN von Braunschweig .  1309.  Teutonic Knight in Prussia 1333/47.

8.             RICHENZA von Braunschweig (1298-before 26 Apr 1317).  Nun at Wienhausen 1309.  Elekta of Gandersheim 1316. 

9.             MECHTILD von Braunschweig (-after 28 Oct 1357).  m (before 1341) HEINRICH [V] "der Jüngere" Graf von Honstein-Sondershausen (-1356 soon after 24 Apr).  

10.         JUTTA von Braunschweig (1300-1332).  Elekta of Gandersheim 1319.

11.         BRUNO von Braunschweig (1303-31 Oct 1306, bur Göttingen Barfüsserkirche).  

12.         MAGNUS von Braunschweig ([1304]-[15 Jun/15 Aug] 1369, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  He succeeded his father in 1318 as MAGNUS I "der Fromme" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen, jointly with his two brothers. 

13.         ERNST von Braunschweig-Göttingen ([1305]-13 Jul 1366, bur Göttingen St Paul).  He succeeded his father in 1318 as ERNST I joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen, jointly with his two brothers.  Canon at Halberstadt and Hildesheim cathedrals 1328/29.  After the death of their older brother Otto, Ernst and his older brother Magnus agreed on a partition of their territories, Ernst becoming Herzog von Braunschweig in Göttingen 1345.  m (before 2 Mar 1340, dispensation 10 Aug 1342) ELISABETH von Hessen, daughter of HEINRICH II "der Eiserne" Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his wife Elisabeth von Meissen (-7 Mar 1390, bur Göttingen Franciskanerkirche, transferred 1821 to Hannover).  Ernst I & his wife had seven children: 

a)             OTTO von Braunschweig-Göttingen ([1340]-Hardegsen 13 Dec 1394, bur Wiebrechtshausen).  He succeeded his father in 1366 as OTTO "der Quade" Herzog von Braunschweig in Göttingen.  m firstly ([19 Nov 1357/14 Jan 1358]) MIROSLAWA von Holstein, daughter of JOHANN III Graf von Holstein in Plön & his second wife Miroslawa von Schwerin-Wittenberg (-before 1379).  m secondly (before 24 Jun 1379) MARGARETA von Berg, daughter of WILHELM VII Graf von Berg und Ravensberg[-Jülich-Heimbach] ([1364]-Hardegsen 18 Jun 1442, bur Hardegsen St Mauritius).  Otto & his first wife had one child:

i)               WILHELM von Braunschweig (1370-1391, bur Hardegsen St Mauritius). 

Otto & his second wife had three children:

ii)             OTTO von Braunschweig ([1384]-Uslar 18 Feb 1463).  He succeeded his father in 1394 as OTTO "der Einäugige" Herzog von Braunschweig in Göttingen, minor until 1398.  He abdicated 1435.  m (Marburg 26 Sep 1406) AGNES von Hessen, daughter of HERMANN II "der Gelehrte" Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his second wife Margareta von Nürnberg (1391-Münden 16 Jan 1471, bur Kassel St Martin). 

(a)          ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-before 1444, bur Oslar).

iii)            ANNA von Braunschweig (1387-27 Oct 1426, bur Vessra).  m firstly (before 7 May 1402) as his second wife, WILHELM I "der Einäugige" Markgraf von Meissen, son of FRIEDRICH II "der Ernsthafte" Markgraf von Meissen & his wife Mechtild von Bayern (Dresden 19 Dec 1343-Grimma 10 Feb 1407, bur Meissen Cathedral).  m secondly (1413 before 30 May) WILHELM I Graf und Herr zu Henneberg-Schleusingen, (-Cyprus 7 Jul 1426).

iv)           ELISABETH von Braunschweig ([1390]-after 29 Sep 1444).  m ([1/14] Jul 1405) ERICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, son of ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Agnes von Braunschweig-Lüneburg ([1380]-28 May 1427, bur Einbeck St Alexander). 

b)             AGNES von Braunschweig (after 13 Sep 1416, bur Nidda Pfarrkirche).  m ([3 Aug 1371]) GOTTFRIED [VIII] Graf von Ziegenhain (-1394 before 24 Sep).

c)             ADELHEID von Braunschweig .  m (before 11 Aug 1371) HEINRICH [X] "der Stolze" Graf von Honstein (-before 1430).

d)             ERNST von Braunschweig (-after 7 Dec 1357).  Co-regent of Braunschweig-Göttingen 1355/56 as ERNST II. 

e)             ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (after 16 Apr 1363).  Co-regent of Braunschweig-Göttingen as ALBRECHT. 

f)               RIXA von Braunschweig (after 29 Nov 1406).  Nun at Mariengarten 1361, Abbess 1366.

g)             ELISABETH von Braunschweig .

MAGNUS 1318-1369

MAGNUS von Braunschweig, son of ALBRECHT II "der Fette/der Feiste" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Göttingen und Braunschweig & his wife Richza von Werle ([1304]-[15 Jun/15 Aug] 1369, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  He succeeded his father in 1318 as MAGNUS I "der Fromme" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen, jointly with his two brothers.  After the death of their older brother Otto, Magnus and his younger brother Ernst agreed on a partition of their territories, Magnus becoming Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig 1345. 

m (1327) SOPHIE von Brandenburg, daughter of HEINRICH I "Ohne Land" Markgraf von Brandenburg [Askanier] & his wife Agnes von Bayern (1300-[1356]). 

Mistress (1): GESA von Vechelde, daughter of ---. 

Magnus I & his wife had nine children: 

1.             MATHILDE von Braunschweig (-after 28 Jun 1354, bur Nienburg an der Saale).  m ([1339]) as his third wife, BERNHARD III Fürst von Anhalt in Bernburg, son of BERNARD II Fürst von Anhalt & his wife Helena von Rügen ([1300]-20 Aug 1348, bur Nienburg Klosterkirche).). 

2.             MAGNUS von Braunschweig ([1328]-killed in battle near Leveste 26 Jul 1373, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  Co-regent of Braunschweig 1345.  Co-regent in Lüneburg 1367.  He succeeded in 1368 as MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. 

-         see below, Part D. HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG.

3.             ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (-Verden 14 Apr 1395, bur Bremen Cathedral).  Provost of St Paul's 1357.  Kämmerer of Halberstadt cathedral 1358.  Canon at Magdeburg cathedral 1360.  Elected Archbishop of Bremen 1360, installed 1363.

4.             HEINRICH von Braunschweig (-after 26 Jan 1382).  Canon and provost of Heilige Kreuz at Hildesheim 1353/76.  Provost at Halberstadt cathedral 1367/82.

5.             OTTO von Braunschweig (-killed in battle 16 Jan 1339, bur Nürnberg Franciscan church).  His death in battle 1339 is not consistent with his birth much after 1319.  Maybe he was not the son of Magnus I.   

6.             LUDWIG von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (-5 Nov 1367, bur Wienhausen).  Co-regent of Lüneburg 1355.  m (1355 after 13 Jun, dispensation Avignon 20 Jan 1359) as her first husband, MECHTILD von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, daughter of WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg & his second wife Maria --- ([1338/41]-after 16 May 1410).  She married secondly (25 Jun 1368) Otto I Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Schaumburg und Pinneberg. 

a)             SOPHIE von Braunschweig (-13 Mar 1412).  Abbess of Möllenbeck 1386/1402.  Provostin at Gandersheim before 1402, Abbess of Gandersheim 1402. 

7.             ERNST von Braunschweig (after 26 Feb 1385).  In Blankenau 1373. 

8.             SOPHIE von Braunschweig (-1394).  m (before 24 Aug 1366) DIETRICH [V] Graf von Honstein (-1379).

9.             AGNES von Braunschweig .  m (1360) HEINRICH Graf von Honstein in Klettenberg und Lohra (-1408).  

Magnus I had four illegitimate children by Mistress (1): 

10.           ALBRECHT .  1367.

11.           HEINRICH .  1367.

12.           MAGNUS .  1367.

13.           OTTO .  1367.

D.      HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG

MAGNUS II 1368-1373, FRIEDRICH 1381-1400, BERNHARD I 1388-1434, OTTO 1434-1445

MAGNUS von Braunschweig, son of MAGNUS I "dem Frommen" Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen & his wife Sophie von Brandenburg ([1328]-killed in battle near Leveste 26 Jul 1373, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  Co-regent of Braunschweig 1345.  Co-regent in Lüneburg 1367.  He succeeded in 1368 as MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. 

m (before 6 Oct 1356) as her first husband, KATHARINA von Anhalt, daughter of BERNHARD III Fürst von Anhalt-Bernburg & his second wife Mathilde von Anhalt in Köthen und Zerbst (-30 Jan 1390, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  She married secondly (Hannover 10 Nov 1373, Celle 11 May 1374) Albrecht III Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg Herzog von Lüneburg. 

Magnus II & his wife had twelve children: 

1.             AGNES von Braunschweig (-21 Mar 1410).  m (before 17 Aug 1372) ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, son of ERNST I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Adelheid von Everstein ([1339]-Salzderhelden [11 Aug/22 Sep] 1383, bur Einbeck St Alexander). 

2.             FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (-murdered near Kloster Englis, Hessen 5 Jun 1400, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  He succeeded in 1381 as FRIEDRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg.  Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Gifhorn 1388.  m ([Hannover 10 Nov 1386]) as her first husband, ANNA von Sachsen-Wittenberg, daughter of WENZEL Elector of Saxony & his wife Cecilia di Carrara (-after 18 Apr 1426, bur Reinhardsbrunn).  She married secondly (Sangerhausen 14 Jul 1404) as his second husband, Balthasar Landgraf of Thuringia [Wettin].  Friedrich & his wife had two children: 

a)             KATHARINA von Braunschweig (-before 26 Nov 1439).  m (1413) HEINRICH [XVIII] Graf von Schwarzburg (-Arnstadt 4 Oct 1444, bur Arnstadt).  

b)             ANNA von Braunschweig (1390-Innsbruck 11 Aug 1432, bur Stams).  The necrology of Wilten records the death "II Id Aug 1432" of "Annæ ducissæ Austriæ"[160].  m (Innsbruck before 11 Jun 1411) as his second wife, FRIEDRICH IV "mit den leeren Tasche" Graf von Tirol, son of LEOPOLD III Duke of Austria & his wife Verde Visconti (1382-Innsbruck 24 Jun 1439, bur Stams).

3.             SOPHIE von Braunschweig ([1358]-before 28 May 1416).  m (8 Apr 1373) ERICH IV Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of ERICH II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Agnes von Holstein (1354-21 Jun 1412).

4.             OTTO von Braunschweig (-30 Jun 1406, bur Bremen Cathedral).  Provost of St Blasius at Bremen 1383/89, resigned.  Vitztum of Halberstadt 1384.  Canon at Köln cathedral.  Bishop of Verden 1395.  Archbishop of Bremen 1395.

5.             AGNES von Braunschweig (-[1 Aug 1430/22 Dec 1434], bur Gadebusch).  m firstly ([1366]) BURCHARD [V] Graf von Mansfeld (-after 19 Mar 1389).  m secondly (Celle 1391) BOGISLAW VI Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast, son of BARNIM IV Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast und Rügen & his wife Sophie von Werle zu Güstrow [Mecklenburg] ([1350/56]-7 Mar 1393).  m thirdly (12/13 Feb 1396) as his second wife, ALBRECHT III Herzog von Mecklenburg ex-King of Sweden, son of ALBRECHT II "der Große" Herzog von Mecklenburg & his first wife Eufemia Eriksdatter of Sweden (1340-Dobrenau [31 Mar /1 Apr] 1412).

6.             BERNHARD von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (-11 Jun Winsen 1434, bur Lüneburg St Michael).  Priest 1378.  He succeeded in 1388 as BERNHARD I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg.  From 1400 Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Lüneburg.  From 1409 Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig.  From 1428 Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg.  m (Hannover 10 Nov 1373, 12 Jul 1385) MARGARETA von Sachsen-Wittenberg, daughter of WENZEL Elector of Saxony & his wife Cecilia di Carrara (-12 Jun 1418, bur Lüneburg St Michael).  Bernhard I & his wife had [four] children: 

a)             OTTO von Braunschweig (-27 May or 1 Jun 1445, bur Lüneburg St Michael).  He succeeded his father in 1434 as OTTO I "der Hinkende" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg.  m (1425) ELISABETH von Everstein, daughter of HERMANN [V] Graf von Everstein (-Gifhorn 10 Feb 1468, bur Kloster Isernhagen).  

b)             FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig (-Celle 19 Mar 1478, bur Celle Grauemönchskloster).  He succeeded his brother in 1445 as FRIEDRICH "der Fromme" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg. 

c)             KATHARINA von Braunschweig (-1429 after 6 May, bur Verchen).  m (before 4 Aug 1424) as his first wife, KASIMIR V Duke of Pomerania in Stettin, son of SWANTIBOR I Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his wife Anna von Nürnberg (after 1380-12 Apr 1435).

d)             [SOPHIE (-after 22 May 1447).  Abbess of Möllenbeck.] 

7.             HEINRICH von Braunschweig (-Ülzen 14 Oct 1416, bur Braunschweig).  Sub deacon at Hildesheim 1376.  Co-regent in Lüneburg 1388.  He succeeded in 1409 as HEINRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg.   

-        see below, Part H. HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG in WOLFENBÜTTEL und CALENBERG (Extinct 1659). 

8.             ALBRECHT von Braunschweig .  Priest 1378.

9.             MECHTILD von Braunschweig ([1370]-23 Feb 1433, bur Hoya St Martin).  m (13 Dec1384) OTTO [II] Graf von Hoya (-13 Apr 1428, bur Hoya St Martin).  

10.         ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-2 Oct 1420, bur Rastede).  Canoness 1381.  Canoness at Quedlinburg 1393.  She died of the plague[161].  m (before 5 Mar 1399) MORITZ III Graf von Oldenburg, son of KONRAD II Graf von Oldenburg in Oldenburg & his wife Kunigunde --- (-4 Sep 1420, bur Rastede).  

11.         HELENE von Braunschweig (bur Nienburg).  m ([17 Apr 1390, before 24 Aug 1396) ERICH [I] Graf von Hoya (-[29 Jun 1426/25 Sep 1427], bur Nienburg St Martin).  

12.         KATHARINA [Elisabeth] von Braunschweig (-[1417/3 Apr 1422]).  The Chronicon Holtzatiæ names "de domo Brunszwiccensi sororem ducum Bernhardi, Hinrici et Frederici, nomine Elizabeth" as wife of "Gherardus dux Sleszwiccensis et Holtzacie"[162].  m ([1390]) GERHARD Herzog von Schleswig Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg, son of HEINRICH II "dem Eisernen" Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg & his second wife Ingeburg von Mecklenburg (-killed in battle Süderhamme 5 Aug 1404, bur Itzehoe).

FRIEDRICH 1445-1478, OTTO II 1457-1471 

FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig, son of BERNHARD I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his wife Margareta von Sachsen-Wittenberg (-Celle 19 Mar 1478, bur Celle Grauemönchskloster).  He succeeded his brother in 1445 as FRIEDRICH "der Fromme" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg.  Deposed 1457.  He was restored in 1471 after the death of his son. 

m (Tangermünde 3 Jul 1429, 16 Sep 1430) MAGDALENA von Brandenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH I Markgraf and Elector von Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut ([1412]-Scharnebeck 27 Oct 1454, bur Scharnebeck). 

Friedrich & his wife had three children: 

1.             BERNHARD [II] von Braunschweig (1432-9 Feb 1464, bur Lüneburg St Michael).  Verweser of the Bishopric of Hildesheim 1452/58.  m ([1463]) as her first husband, MECHTILD von Holstein-Schauenburg, daughter of OTTO II Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Honstein (-Neustadt am Rübenberge 22 Jul 1468, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  She married secondly (1466) as his second wife, Wilhelm I "der Ältere/der Siegreiche" Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel.

2.             MARGARETA von Braunschweig (-Wienhausen 8 Apr 1512, bur Wienhausen).  m (contract Dömitz 4 Sep 1452) as his third wife, HEINRICH Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard, son of ULRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard & his second wife Margarete von Pommern (-[26 May/20 Aug] 1466, bur Wanzka).

3.             OTTO von Braunschweig ([1438/39]-8/9 Jan 1471, bur Lüneburg St Michael).  He succeeded as OTTO II "der Siegreiche" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg.  m (Celle 25 Sep 1467) as her first husband, ANNA von Nassau-Dietz, daughter of JOHANN IV Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg (-Celle 8 Apr 1513, bur Celle Marktkirche).  She married secondly (24 Jan 1474) Philipp "der Ältere" Graf von Katzenelnbogen (-Rheinfels 27 Jun 1479).  Otto II & his wife had two children: 

a)             HEINRICH von Braunschweig (15 Sep 1468-near Bockelskamp, Wienhausen 19 Feb 1532, bur Kloster Wienhausen).  He succeeded his father in 1471 as HEINRICH "der Mittlere" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg. 

-        HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG in LÜNEBURG. 

b)             WILHELM von Braunschweig (-1480).

E.      HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG in WOLFENBÜTTEL und CALENBERG (Extinct 1659)

HEINRICH von Braunschweig, son of BERNHARD I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his wife Margareta von Sachsen-Wittenberg (-Ülzen 14 Oct 1416, bur Braunschweig).  Sub deacon at Hildesheim 1376.  Co-regent in Lüneburg 1388.  He succeeded in 1409 as HEINRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. 

m firstly (contract 31 Jul 1386, 11 Nov 1388) SOPHIE von Pommern, daughter of WARTISLAW VI Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast & his wife Anna von Mecklenburg (-28 Jun 1406). 

m secondly (Kassel 30 Jan 1409) MARGARETA von Hessen, daughter of HERMANN II "der Gelehrte" Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his second wife Margareta von Nürnberg (Marburg 1389-Rotenburg an der Fulda 1446). 

Heinrich II & his first wife had two children: 

1.             KATHARINA von Braunschweig (-Grimma 28 Dec 1442, bur Meissen Cathedral).  m (8 Feb 1402) FRIEDRICH IV "der Streitbare" Markgraf von Meissen, son of FRIEDRICH III "der Strenge" joint Markgraf von Meissen & his wife Katharina von Henneberg (11 Apr 1370-Altenburg 4 Jan 1428, bur Meissen Cathedral).  He was installed in 1423 by the Emperor as FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Sachsen, Elector of Saxony. 

2.             WILHELM von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1392-Braunschweig 25 Jul 1482, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  He succeeded his father in 1416 as WILHELM I "der Ältere" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel.  The Notæ Sancti Blasii record the death "1482 die Iacobi" of "princeps dominus Wilhelmus in Brunswik et Lunenburg dux"[163].  m firstly (Berlin 30 May 1423) CÄCILIE von Brandenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH I Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut (-4 Jan 1449, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Notæ Sancti Blasii name "Cecilia de Brandenburg" as wife of "princeps dominus Wilhelmus in Brunswik et Lunenburg dux"[164].  m secondly (1466) as her second husband, MECHTILD von Holstein-Schauenburg, widow of BERNHARD II Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, daughter of OTTO II Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Honstein (-Neustadt am Rübenberge 22 Jul 1468, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  The Notæ Sancti Blasii name "Mechildis de Holstein et Schounborg" as second wife of "princeps dominus Wilhelmus in Brunswik et Lunenburg dux"[165].  Mistress (1):  CÄCILIA, daughter of ---.  Wilhelm I & his first wife had two children:

a)             WILHELM von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (-7 Jul 1503, bur Münden St Blasius).  He succeeded his father in 1482 as WILHELM II "der Jungere" Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. 

-        HERZOGEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL. 

b)             FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (-Münden 6 Mar 1495, bur Münden St Blasius).  He succeeded in 1482 as FRIEDRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Calenberg.  m firstly (Munich Feb 1463, divorced 1467) as her second husband, ANNA von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, widow of ALBRECHT III "der Fromme" Duke of Bavaria-Munich, daughter of ERICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Göttingen (1415-Nannhofen 9 Oct 1474, bur Andechs).  m secondly (16 Nov 1483) MARGARETA von Rietberg, daughter of KONRAD [V] Graf von Rietberg (-[4 Jan 1533/6 Jun 1535]). 

Wilhelm I & his second wife had one child:

c)             OTTO von Braunschweig (Neustadt am Rübenberge [20 Jul 1468]-[22 Jul] 1471, bur Kloster Obernkirchen).

Wilhelm I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): 

d)              SOPHIA .   A nun in Marienau. 

Heinrich II & his second wife had one child: 

3.             HEINRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1411-Wolfenbüttel 6/8 Dec 1473, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  m (12 Feb 1436) HELENE von Kleve, daughter of ADOLF Herzog von der Mark, Graf von Kleve (18 Aug 1423-3 Jul 1471, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  Heinrich & his wife had one child: 

a)             MARGARETA (Wolfenbüttel Jul 1451-Mainberg 13 Feb 1509, bur Kloster Vesara).  m (Wolfenbüttel 5 Nov 1469) WILHELM [III] Graf und Herr zu Henneberg (-Salurn 26 May 1480, bur Kloster Vesara).

*************************
[1] Jordan, p. 114. 
[2] Jordan, p. 114. 
[3] Arnold, p. 36. 
[4] Jordan, p. 118. 
[5] Jordan, p. 117. 
[6] Jordan, pp. 118-9. 
[7] Jordan, p. 119. 
[8] Jordan, p. 119. 
[9] AS 1038. 
[10] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Mathilde, Reine de France inconnue', Journal des Savants (Oct-Dec 1971), pp. 241-60, 250 footnote 31. 
[11] ES VIII 131a and ES I.1 11 respectively. 
[12] Vajay 'Mathilde', p. 251 footnote 35. 
[13] AS 1026. 
[14] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123. 
[15] AS 1038. 
[16] MGH Diplomata V, D H III 279, p. 380. 
[17] Thietmar 7.21, p. 320. 
[18] Vajay 'Mathilde', p. 252. 
[19] AS 1038. 
[20] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 319. 
[21] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[22] E. de Certain (ed.) (1858) Miracula s. Bendicti (Paris), Lib. VII, cap. 3, p. 252, quoted in Vajay 'Mathilde', p. 23 footnote 23. 
[23 'Ex Continuatione Historiæ Aimoini monachi Floriacensis', RHGF XI (1767), p. 276,quoted in Vajay 'Mathilde', p. 247 footnote 23. 
[24] Vajay 'Mathilde', pp. 248-54. 
[25] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum IV.23, p. 211. 
[26] AS 1057. 
[27] MGH Diplomata V, D H III 236, p. 313. 
[28] AS 1038. 
[29] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 319. 
[30] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 320. 
[31] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 319. 
[32] ES I.1 84. 
[33] Hucke, Richard G. (1956) Die Grafen von Stade 900-1144 (Stade), pp. 68-71, cited in Vajay 'Mathilde', p. 257. 
[34] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 319. 
[35] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 2, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 10 quoting her death "Non Feb" in necrologium Abdinhofense. 
[36] Hucke, Richard G. (1956) Die Grafen von Stade 900-1144 (Stade), pp. 68-71, cited in Vajay 'Mathilde', p. 257. 
[37] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 320. 
[38] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 320. 
[39] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, pp. 319 and 320. 
[40] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 319. 
[41] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 320. 
[42] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 320. 
[43] Annales Diibodi 1130, MGH SS XVI, p. 24. 
[44] Klebel, Ernst 'Alemannischer Hochadel im Investiturstreit', Grundfragen der alemannischen Geschichte Mainauvorträge 1952, t. 1 (Darmstadt, 1962), pp. 209-42, tafel II, cited in Vajay 'Mathilde', p. 254 footnote 46. 
[45] Wegener, p. 139. 
[46] D K III 62, p. 109. 
[47] AS 1038. 
[48] AS 1057. 
[49] MGH Diplomata V, D H III 279, p. 380. 
[50] MGH Diplomata VI.1, D H IV 112, p. 146. 
[51] MGH Diplomata VI.1, D H IV 157, p. 203. 
[52] MGH Diplomata VI.1, D H IV 187, p. 243. 
[53] MGH Diplomata VI.1, D H IV 189, p. 245. 
[54] MGH Diplomata VI.1, D H IV 205, p. 262. 
[55] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[56] AS 1036. 
[57] Notæ Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 827. 
[58] MGH Diplomata VI.1, D H IV 246, p. 311. 
[59] AS 1062 and 1067. 
[60] Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses 1090, MGH SS XXIV, p. 824. 
[61] MGH Diplomata VI.2, Urkunde König Rudolf 1, p. 676. 
[62] MGH Diplomata VI.2, D H IV 386, p. 511. 
[63] MGH Diplomata VI.2, D H IV 388, p. 513. 
[64] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[65] AS 1062. 
[66] AS 1056. 
[67] AS 1100. 
[68] Genealogica Wettinensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 227. 
[69] Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses 1117, MGH SS XXIV, p. 824. 
[70] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[71] AS 1101. 
[72] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1195, MGH SS XXIII, p. 166. 
[73] Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 397. 
[74] MP, Vol. II, 1184, p. 319. 
[75] Jordan, p. 185. 
[76] Jordan, p. 196. 
[77] Jordan, p. 117. 
[78] Annales Stadenses 1212, MGH SS XVI, p. 355. 
[79] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenbücher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und Lüneburg (Hannover), Lüneburg. 
[80] Annales Stadenses 1202, MGH SS XVI, p. 353. 
[81] Annales Stadenses 1212, MGH SS XVI, p. 355. 
[82] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritter Haupttheil - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXV Kloster Diesdorf, VI, p. 89. 
[83] Jordan, p. 119. 
[84] Bayley, pp. 35-7. 
[85] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[86] Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 397. 
[87] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[88] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[89] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[90] Annales Stadenses 1239, MGH SS XVI, p. 365. 
[91] Annales Sancti Pantaleonis Coloniensis 1241, MGH SS XXII, p. 536. 
[92] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[93] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 70a, p. 185. 
[94] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[95] Annales Erphordenses 1252, MGH SS XVI, p. 38. 
[96] Bayley, p. 35. 
[97] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 72i, p. 215. 
[98] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, pp. 475-6. 
[99] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 475. 
[100] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, pp. 475-6. 
[101] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[102] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, pp. 475-6. 
[103] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, pp. 475-6. 
[104] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[105] Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis 1258, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 622. 
[106] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium 12, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 27. 
[107] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 475. 
[108] Annales Lubicenses 1279, MGH SS XVI, p. 415. 
[109] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[110] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[111] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium 11, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 27. 
[112] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 475. 
[113] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 26. 
[114] Annales Londonienses, p. 76. 
[115] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, pp. 475-6. 
[116] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[117] Annales Lubicenses 1279, MGH SS XVI, p. 415. 
[118] Annales Lubicenses 1279, MGH SS XVI, p. 415. 
[119] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 26. 
[120] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[121] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 26. 
[122] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 26. 
[123] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 26. 
[124] Knoll, pp. 55-8. 
[125] Annales Terræ Prussicæ 1335, MGH SS XIX, p. 692. 
[126] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 26. 
[127] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium 13, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 27. 
[128] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 552. 
[129] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, pp. 475-6. 
[130] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[131] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium 11, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 27. 
[132] Annales Hamburgenses 1265, MGH SS XVI, p. 385. 
[133] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium 12, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 27. 
[134] Chronicon Holtzatiæ 27, MGH SS XXI, p. 283. 
[135] Annales Lubicenses 1279, MGH SS XVI, p. 415. 
[136] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritter Haupttheil - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXV Kloster Diesdorf, XXV, p. 99. 
[137] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[138] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium 13, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 27. 
[139] Amadi, p. 404. 
[140] W. H. Rudt de Collenberg (1963) Yolande de Vilaragut reine de Majorque, princesse de Brunswick et sa parenté (Toulouse, Edouard Privat), from Annales du Midi, tome LXXV no 1 1963 p. 89. 
[141] Sturdza, pp. 509-10. 
[142] Amadi, p. 427. 
[143] Lignages d'Outremer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 7806, El parentado de Lusignan 8, p. 170. 
[144] Amadi, p. 450. 
[145] Amadi, pp. 476-7. 
[146] Amadi, p. 499. 
[147] Sturdza, p. 510. 
[148] ES I.1 21. 
[149] The date of her will made at Salzderhelden, ES I.2 197. 
[150] ES I.1 21. 
[151] Annales Lubicenses 1279, MGH SS XVI, p. 415. 
[152] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[153] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium 13, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 27. 
[154] Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses 1311, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[155] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[156] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[157] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritter Haupttheil - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXIV Kloster Arendsee, XLVI, p. 27. 
[158] Codex Brandenburgensis, Zweiter Haupttheil, Band 2, DCI, p. 1. 
[159] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825. 
[160] Necrologium Wiltinense, Brixen Necrologies, p. 60. 
[161] ES I.1 22. 
[162] Chronicon Holtzatiæ 29, MGH SS XXI, p. 286. 
[163] Notæ Sancti Blasii 1482, MGH SS XXIV, p. 827. 
[164] Notæ Sancti Blasii 1482, MGH SS XXIV, p. 827. 
[165] Notæ Sancti Blasii 1482, MGH SS XXIV, p. 827.