Matrix metalloproteinase-16
(MMP16, MMP-16)

Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MT-MMP-3, MT-MMP3, MT3-MMP)

Gene: MMP16 maps to 8q21.3-q22.1
mRNA: size: 12 kb
Protein: a 604-amino acids, 64 kDa polypeptide. With MMP14, 15, and 17, MMP16 represents a subclass of MMPs bound to the cell surface through a C-terminal transmembrane domain. MMPs lacking this domain are secreted.
See also: structural and functional characteristics of MMPs

Cell lines:
- Treatment with collagen type I increassed the steady-state MT1-MMP (MMP14) mRNA levels in invasive breast cancer cells (BCC) but did not induce either MMP14 expression or MMP2 activation in noninvasive BCC lines, which retain epithelial features. Basal MMP16 mRNA expression had a pattern similar to that of MMP14 but was not up-regulated by collagen. MT4-MMP (MMP17) mRNA was seen in both invasive and noninvasive BCC lines and was also not collagen-regulated, and MT2-MMP (MMP15) mRNA was not detected in any of the BCC lines tested (Gilles C. et al., 1997).

Tumors:
- Northern blot analysis demonstrated thhe predominant expression of MMP14 mRNA in carcinoma tissues (20 of 20 cases), whereas MMP15 was detected in only 25% of the cases (5 of 20 cases), and no detectable expression of MMP16 was observed. The expression levels of MMP14 but not MMP15 correlated well with the presence of lymph node and distant metastases, clinical stages, and size of tumors. Immunohistochemically, MMP14 was localized predominantly in the carcinoma cells in all of the samples (32 of 32 cases). Immunostaining of MMP15 in the carcinoma cells was observed in only 38% of the cases (12 of 32 cases). Immunoblot analysis of tumor homogenates confirmed the presence of these MT-MMPs (Ueno H. et al., 1997).

Gilles C. et al. (1997) Implication of collagen type I-induced membrane-type 1-matrix metalloproteinase expression and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation in the metastatic progression of breast carcinoma. Lab. Invest. 76, 651-660. (PubMed)
Mattei M.-G. et al. (1997) Genes of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) gene family, MMP14, MMP15, and MMP16, localize to human chromosomes 14, 16, and 8, respectively. Genomics 40, 168-169. (PubMed)
Sato H. et al. (1997) Assignment of the human genes for membrane-type-MMP14, -MMP15, and -3 matrix metalloproteinases (MMP14, MMP15, and MMP16) to 14q12.2, 16q12.2-q21, and 8q21, respectively, by in situ hybridization. Genomics 39, 412-413. (PubMed)
Takino T. et al. (1995) Identification of the second membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MMP15) gene from a human placenta cDNA library: MT-MMPs form a unique membrane-type subclass in the MMP family. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23013-23020. (PubMed)
Ueno H. et al. (1997) Expression and tissue localization of membrane-types MMP14, MMP15, and 3 matrix metalloproteinases in human invasive breast carcinomas. Cancer Res. 57, 2055-2060. (PubMed)

Genome Database data (GDB Access Number: 686249)
GeneCard data (MMP16)
UniGene data (Hs.90800)
OMIM data (ID = 602262)
LocusLink data (LocusID = 4325)
Swiss-Prot (ID = P51512)


MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP9, MMP11, MMP13, MMP14, MMP15, MMP17, TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3, TIMP4