Heavenly & Earthly Stems 天干地支

Bringing the basics to Chinese lunisolar calendar & astrology representation

Domain

Remarks

Cyclic nature

  • All Chinese basic representations are cyclic in nature, that is time & events are repeated in cycles

Time cycles

  • There are four separate time cycles - Year, Month, Day, Hour
  • Each cycle has 60 separate components - e.g. the Year cycle is 60 unique years in total & repeated thereafter, so on

Representation of the time cycle

  • In each time cycle, the time for each component is represented uniquely by 2 Chinese characters
  • The first character is the Heavenly (Celestial) stem, 天干
  • The second character is the Earthly (Terrestrial) stem, 地支
  • Yang: Male … Yin: Female
  • 五行: 金水木火土

Heavenly stem

天干

  • There are altogether 10 Heavenly stems (meaning each stem is repeated 6 times in a 60-time cycle)
  • jia :Yang Wood 陽木
  • yi :Yin Wood 陰木
  • bing :Yang Fire 陽火
  • ding :Yin Fire 陰火
  • wu :Yang Earth (soil) 陽土
  • ji :Yin Earth (soil) 陰土
  • geng :Yang Metal 陽金
  • xin :Yin Metal 陰金
  • ren :Yang Water 陽水
  • gui :Yin Water 陰水

Earthly stem

地支

  • There are altogether 12 Earthly stems (meaning each stem is repeated 5 times in a 60-time cycle)
  • zi (rat) : Yang Water 陽水
  • chou (ox) : Yin Earth 陰土
  • yin (tiger) : Yang Wood 陽木
  • mao (hare, rabbit) : Yin Wood 陰木
  • chen (dragon) : Yang Earth 陽土
  • si (snake) : Yin Fire 陰火
  • wu (horse) : Yang Fire 陽火
  • wei (sheep) : Yin Earth (soil) 陰土
  • shen (monkey) : Yang Metal 陽金
  • you (rooster) : Yin Metal 陰金
  • xu (dog) : Yang Earth 陽土
  • hai (pig) : Yin Water 陰水

Year cycle

  • Year 2001 is xin si 辛巳(Snake) year & year 2002 is ren wu 壬午(Horse) year
  • The present 60-year cycle would finish at 2033, and the next 60-year begins in 2034 with jia zi 甲子(Rat) year

Month cycle

  • 60-month cycle spans 5 years with cyclic 12 signs representing each lunar month

Day cycle

  • 60-day cycle spans 2 months with cyclic 12 signs representing each day

Hour cycle

  • 60-hour cycle spans 5 days with cyclic 12 signs representing 2 hours each
  • 11pm-1am: (rat)
  • 1am-3am: (ox)
  • 3am-5am: (tiger)
  • 5am-7am: (hare, rabbit)
  • 7am-9am: (dragon)
  • 9am-11am: (snake)
  • 11am-1pm: (horse)
  • 1pm-3pm: (sheep)
  • 3pm-5pm: (monkey)
  • 5pm-7pm: (rooster)
  • 7pm-9pm: (dog)
  • 9pm-11pm: (pig)

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