Summary of Construction Methods


Earthworks

  • Regulatory aspects
  • Setting out & up
  • Site clearance
  • Access
  • Environmental control
  • Earth cutting & filling
  • Protection of works
  • Excavations & filling

Site setup

  • Regulatory aspects
  • Temporary access on site
  • Site buildings
  • Site utilities
  • Hoardings
  • Plant & equipment: mobilisation
  • Listing of codes & standards, statutory

Foundations

  • Footing & pad foundation (shallow)
  • Driven piles
  • Bored piles
  • Pile load testing
  • Piling records

Basements

  • Open excavation
  • Sheet pile & braced excavation
  • Contiguous bored pile walls
  • Diaphragm walls
  • Top-down construction
  • Ground anchors & ground improvement

Conventional superstructure

  • Reinforcement steel
  • Formwork
  • Concreting
  • Finishing, curing, striking & propping
  • Post-tensioning members

Present superstructure

  • Precast operations & construction
  • Prefabrication
  • Transportation
  • Storage
  • Precast installation
  • Structural steel construction

Concreting

  • Scaffolding formwork
  • Steel, concrete
  • Curing, vibration & compaction

Pile driving

  • Mobilisation
  • Benchmark, setting out
  • Pile pitching, joining
  • Driving, pile cut-off

Pipe laying

  • Setting out & cutting
  • Shoring support ex.
  • Basement compaction
  • Pipe laying & backfill

Earth moving equipment

  • Backhoe & Front shovel
  • Breaker
  • Scraper, elevating scrap
  • Tractors
  • Loaders & Trucks
  • Graders
  • Compactors
  • Rollers
  • Clamshells & draglines

Tractors summary

  • Ability to provide high forces under extreme conditions
  • Ability to carry high loads under bad underfoot conditions
  • Ability to provide speed and mobility under off-highway conditions

Tracks provide:

  • Good resistance to rugged conditions
  • Maximum friction
  • Limited speed

Big, low-pressure tires provide:

  • Good flotation on soft surfaces
  • Some speed
  • Some friction

Small, high-pressure tires provide:

  • Maximum speed
  • Some friction
  • Poor resistance to rugged conditions

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