Reflections on Civil Engineering

Excerpts from Eminent Civil Engineers: Their 20th Century Life and Times


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Excerpts

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"Teach yourself to think"

  • Engineering demands two-fold allegiance: 1) respect for conventions of the day, 2) new principles & novel solutions
  • Think: process, cross-question, reason
  • Need to think: in relation to people, tasks, systems & challenges
  • How to teach: encouragement, relevance, emergent process, unfazed by difficulties, experiences, clarity
  • When: uncertainties, obstacles, risks, failures, research & facing changes
  • Engineering is multi-faceted, allowing much freedom to explore
  • "don't fire them, fire them up"
  • Suitable level of stimulation & competition within organisation & from without promotes thoughtfulness
  • "Construction sites are the best teachers"

    • Modern engineering too specialised, splintered & research unlinked
    • Students preferring computer simulations to experimental work
    • Learn more from failures than success
    • Emphasis on the real phenomena
    • Be progressive & shunt conservative
    • Be an all-round engineer with a focus
    • Visit various sites for ideas & insight
  • Age old question of theory vs practice
  • The answer is source for your niche
  • Everyone is non-uniform, thus the necessity to branch out when obstructed
  • "Civilisation through civil and structural engineering"

    • Qualitative criteria: function, durable, reliable, safe, aesthetics
    • Quantitative criteria: material, labour, energy, time, price (cost)
    • Conjunctive criteria: economics, tech., experience, cultural infrastructure
    • Creative thinking: abstractive, extrapolative, associative, foresight
    • Creative methods: differential & integral analysis & synthesis, multiplying & deduction methods
    • Creative approaches: systematic, complex, programmed & aiming
    • Civil requirements: efficiency, safety, serviceability, aesthetics, harmony
  • Civil engineering is borne & nurtured in civilisation
  • Its development lies in its relevance to people
  • As structures alter the landscape, people would be affected, thus the greatest effort needs to expedited for all engineering processes
  • For people, to people, with people
  • "Loads that lose their way"

    • Overall structural layout - materials - stresses & strains - loads & movement - stiffness - redundancy - loads choosing & losing their & our ways
    • Added stiffness can attract added load
    • Sensitivity analysis of lack of fit
    • Stress hotspots at stiffness discontinuity & shear obstacles
  • "Loads should not lose their way in the hands of designers who have not lost theirs"
  • Management focus on budgeting & planning, neglecting engineering analysis
  • "Time and change and structural design"

    • Changes in materials: concrete & steel strengths improving, building weight dropping (~1ton/m2)
    • Changes in operations: precast concrete, flat / box members, prestress concrete, organisational mergers
    • Changes in design: strength, stiffness, stability by computer, other factors
    • Changes in needs: civil services drop from 25% to 12%, whereas services increase to 80%; managing the different design lives of engineering components
  • Is modern engineering improving upon ancient?
  • How to build with a design life of a thousand years? Is it economical to do so? Do we allow economics to adversely affect engineering excellence?
  • "The joys and tribulations of innovation"

    • Successful construction is as much about human interaction as it is about technology
    • (inefficiency, waste) vs. (skills, experience)
    • ACCS: advanced composite construction system
    • Successful innovation improves quality of life, preferably in all aspects like environment & health
  • For innovations to find success, support has to come from both industry and academics
  • Research into new developments
  • Applications into new structures
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