Visibility & Hearing Tables

Vision Table

Distance in Yards (unless specified miles)

Ship Car Moving Man Man-sized General ID Individual ID Details

Clear Day 30 mi 3000 1500 1000 500 100 20

Cloudy/Overcast Day 20 mi 2400 1200 600 300 100 20

Mist/Light Rain Day 15 mi 2000 1000 500 250 30 10

Light Fog/Snow or Heavy Rain Day 7.5 mi 500 500 200 100 30 10

Moderate Fog/Snow or Torrential Rain Day 3 mi 250 100 50 25 15 10

Dense Fog/Blizzard Day 200 50 10 10 5 5 3

Twilight 10 mi 1000 500 300 150 30 10

Clear w/ Full Moon Night 15 mi 1000 100 50 30 10 5

Clear w/ Half Moon Night 10 mi 800 75 25 15 10 5

Clear w/ Stars Night 5 mi 600 50 20 10 5 3

Overcast w/Full Moon Night 2 mi 500 30 15 10 5 3

Overcast w/Half Moon Night 1 mi 400 25 10 5 3 1-2

Overcast w/no Moon Night 1000 500 15 10 5 3 1-2

Mist/Light Rain Night 1000 500 10 5 3 1-2 1

Light Fog/Snow or Heavy Rain Night 100 100 5 3 1-2 1 1

Moderate Fog/Snow or Torrential Rain Night 40 20 3 1-2 1 1 1

Dense Fog/Blizzard Night 1-2 1-2 1-2 1 1 1 1

Scrub, brush or bush Reduce all ranges by half (1/2)

Light Forest Reduce all ranges by one-fourth (1/4)

Jungle or Dense Forest Reduce all ranges by one-eight (1/8)

Indoors Visibility limited to line of sight

** Triple night distance if object seen has light

Hearing Table

Decibels Hear Sound Distinguish
Sound
Adv Hearing -

Hear
Adv Hearing -

Distinguish

10 * * * *

20 * * 1 ft *

30 * * 2 ft 1 ft

40 1 ft * 8 ft 2 ft

50 2 ft * 32 ft 8 ft

60 8 ft 1 ft 64 ft 32 ft

70 32 ft 2 ft 256 ft 64 ft

80 64 ft 8 ft 1024 ft 256 ft

90 256 ft 32 ft 2048 ft 1024 ft

100 1024 ft 64 ft 8192 ft 2048 ft

110 2048 ft 256 ft 6 mi 8192 ft

120 8192 ft 1024 ft 25 mi 6 mi

130 6 mi 2048 ft -- 25 mi

140 25 mi 8192 ft -- --

* = Sounds at this level can only be heard when the background noise is less than the decibels of the sound.
-- = Sounds farther than 25 miles away cannnot be heard due to the curvature of the earth.
All distances are determined for a base background noise of 40 dB and assume that there is generally nothing attenuating the sound (such as terrain). For light terrain (scrub, light trees, small hills, etc), reduce range by 1/4; for medium terrain (trees, some buildings, hills, etc), reduce range by 1/2; for heavy terrain (heavy forest or jungle, mountains, lots of buildings, etc); reduce range by 3/4.

DECIBEL TABLE
0 dB threshold of hearing
10 dB rustle of leaves in gentle breeze, quiet whisper
13 dB ORDINARY LIGHT BULB HUM
15 dB A PIN DROP FROM A HIEGHT OF 1 CENTIMETER AT A DISTANCE OF 1 METER
20 dB average whisper, wind in leaves
20-50 dB quiet conversation
30 dB Bedroom at night, TOTALLY QUIET NIGHTIME IN DESERT
40 dB waves on seashore, quiet room
40-45 dB hotel, theatre (between performances)
50-65 dB loud conversation
60 dB Conversation @ 1 meter
65-70 dB traffic on busy street
65-90 dB train, subway
70 dB Noisy Room, Shouted conversation
75-80 dB factory (light/medium work)
80 dB Vacuum cleaner
85 dB BEGINNING OF HEARING DAMAGE, EARPLUGS SHOULD BE WORN
90 dB heavy traffic, heavy machinery
90-100 dB thunder
100 dB express train
100 dB NORMAL AVERAGE CAR OR HOUSE STEREO AT MAXIMUM VOLUME
100-120 dB rock band
120-140 dB threshold of pain
128 dB HUMAN, LOUDEST SCREAM MEASURED AT A DISTANCE OF 8 FEET 2 INCHES
133 dB GUNSHOT- EAR LEVEL, MAY VARY GREATLY TO SIZE AND TYPE OF GUN, DURATION CONVERTED TO ONE SECOND, PEAK LEVEL MAY REACH 140-160
135-130 dB LARGE TRAIN HORN
147 dB FORMULA 1 RACE CAR, 700 HORSEPOWER, CHESTPOUNDING AND SUCTION FORCE ON CALM QUIET MORNINGS CAN CLEARLY BE HEARD 6 MILES AWAY
163 dB GLASSBREAKING LEVEL, MINIMUM
165 dB JET AIRPLANE, BOEING 727-15,000 LBS OF THRUST, DEPENDS ON THE TAKEOFF
172 dB 727, 737, 747, 757, 767 CRUSING AT 6 MILES HIGH MACH 0.84, AT THE GROUND (SEA LEVEL) LOSES AN ADDITIONAL 6 DB BECAUSE AIR DENCITY IS ONLY HALF SEA LEVEL AT A HEIGHT OF 6 MILES
175 dB QUARTER DYNAMITE STICK, VERY CLOSE PRESSURE MAY EXCEED 210 db
175.8 dB 1 TON T.N.T. AT 250 FEET
180 dB 1 POUND T.N.T. AT 15 FEET
182 dB 1 TON T.N.T AT 150 FEET, EXACTLY 182.2 DB
186.1 dB 1 POUND T.N.T AT DISTANCE OF 10 FEET
187 dB 1 TON T.N.T. AT 100 FEET, EXACTLY 186.8 DB
190.60 dB 2 POUNDS T.N.T.
191 dB BOMB-VERY SMALL 1 LB. OR GRENADE, VERY CLOSE PRESSURE MAY EXCEED 210 db
195.2 dB 1 TON T.N.T. AT 60 FEET
200 dB Saturn rocket @ close range
202 dB HUMAN DEATH FROM SOUND (SHOCK) WAVE ALONE.
212 dB SONIC BOOM AVERAGE FROM JET

ODOR DETECTION
Perception Chances to Detect Odor

0-100 feet 101-300 feet 301-1000 feet 1001-5000 feet

Huge Fire 4 6 8 10

Oil Fire 6 8 10 14

Large Fire 8 10 14 18

Cooking Food 8 10 12 16

Creature with strong odor 10 12 16 20

Small Fire 10 14 18 -

Creature with mild odor 12 16 20 -

Creature with no odor 16 20 - -

Double ranges for Keen Sense of Smell, Triple ranges for Superior Sense of Smell.

Wind Effects on Odor Upwind Crosswind Downwind

Strong X2 Normal 1/4

Moderate Wind X2 1/2 1/10

Strong Wind Normal 1/4 -

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	Distance in Yards (unless specified miles)
	Ship	Car	Moving Man	Man-sized	General ID	Individual ID	Details
Clear Day	30 mi	3000	1500	1000	500	100	20
Cloudy/Overcast Day	20 mi	2400	1200	600	300	100	20
Mist/Light Rain Day	15 mi	2000	1000	500	250	30	10
Light Fog/Snow or Heavy Rain Day	7.5 mi	500	500	200	100	30	10
Moderate Fog/Snow or Torrential Rain Day	3 mi	250	100	50	25	15	10
Dense Fog/Blizzard Day	200	50	10	10	5	5	3
Twilight	10 mi	1000	500	300	150	30	10
Clear w/ Full Moon Night	15 mi	1000	100	50	30	10	5
Clear w/ Half Moon Night	10 mi	800	75	25	15	10	5
Clear w/ Stars Night	5 mi	600	50	20	10	5	3
Overcast w/Full Moon Night	2 mi	500	30	15	10	5	3
Overcast w/Half Moon Night	1 mi	400	25	10	5	3	1-2
Overcast w/no Moon Night	1000	500	15	10	5	3	1-2
Mist/Light Rain Night	1000	500	10	5	3	1-2	1
Light Fog/Snow or Heavy Rain Night	100	100	5	3	1-2	1	1
Moderate Fog/Snow or Torrential Rain Night	40	20	3	1-2	1	1	1
Dense Fog/Blizzard Night	1-2	1-2	1-2	1	1	1	1
Scrub, brush or bush	Reduce all ranges by half (1/2)
Light Forest	Reduce all ranges by one-fourth (1/4)
Jungle or Dense Forest	Reduce all ranges by one-eight (1/8)
Indoors	Visibility limited to line of sight
** Triple night distance if object seen has light

Decibels	Hear Sound	Distinguish Sound	Adv Hearing - Hear	Adv Hearing - Distinguish
10	*	*	*	*
20	*	*	1 ft	*
30	*	*	2 ft	1 ft
40	1 ft	*	8 ft	2 ft
50	2 ft	*	32 ft	8 ft
60	8 ft	1 ft	64 ft	32 ft
70	32 ft	2 ft	256 ft	64 ft
80	64 ft	8 ft	1024 ft	256 ft
90	256 ft	32 ft	2048 ft	1024 ft
100	1024 ft	64 ft	8192 ft	2048 ft
110	2048 ft	256 ft	6 mi	8192 ft
120	8192 ft	1024 ft	25 mi	6 mi
130	6 mi	2048 ft	--	25 mi
140	25 mi	8192 ft	--	--

	0-100 feet	101-300 feet	301-1000 feet	1001-5000 feet
Huge Fire	4	6	8	10
Oil Fire	6	8	10	14
Large Fire	8	10	14	18
Cooking Food	8	10	12	16
Creature with strong odor	10	12	16	20
Small Fire	10	14	18	-
Creature with mild odor	12	16	20	-
Creature with no odor	16	20	-	-

Wind Effects on Odor	Upwind	Crosswind	Downwind
Strong	X2	Normal	1/4
Moderate Wind	X2	1/2	1/10
Strong Wind	Normal	1/4	-