******
Scholars write to themselves and it is only infrequently that praise for one not of their own emerges.
"It is scarcely possible, in the regularity and composure of the present time, to image the tumult of absurdity and clamor of contradiction which perplexed doctrine, disordered practice, and disturbed both public and private quiet in that age, when subordination was broken and awe was hissed away; when any unsettled innovator who could hatch a half-formed notion produced it to the public; when every man might become a preacher, and almost every preacher could collect a congregation. "
"What effect this poem had upon the public, whether it shamed imposture or reclaimed credulity, is not easily determined. Cheats can seldom stand long against laughter."
"Our grandfathers knew the picture from the life; we judge of the life by
contemplating the picture."
Samuel Johnson(a)
A review of Hudibras from the 1880 Chambers's Encyclopaedia (b):
"He (Samuel Butler) published the first part of Hudibras in 1663, and its reception at court was immediate and triumphant. It received all the favor Charles could spare from his spaniels and his mistresses, and he deigned even to garnish his royal conversation with its wit. The courtiers took up the fashion, the coffee-houses and taverns followed suit, and finally the mob went into raptures, in imitation of its betters. Hudibras was pirated within four weeks of its publication. The king had wit enough to see the merit of the work, but he lacked generosity to relieve the necessities of the writer. There seems to be no good reason to believe that B.'s palm ever tingled to the touch of royal pension or gratuity. Poverty is almost the only thing in B.'s life that one is certain of. In 1664, he published the second part of his book, and a third part appeared in 1678. He died in Rose street, Covent garden, in 1680; and while some say that he starved from pride, all agree that at his death he was very poor."
Samuel Butler's tombstone has the following epitaph by Mr. Samuel Wesley:(1)
"While Butler, needy wretch, was yet alive,
No generous patron would a dinner give;
See him, when starv'd to death, and turn'd to dust
,
Presented with a monumental bust.
The poet's fate is here in emblem shown,
He ask'd for bread, and he received a stone.
"Hudibras is a kind of metrical Don Quixote; and if the work of Cervantes stands at the head of its class in the literature of Spain. Hudibras occupies the same place in the literature of England. The Puritans are the subjects of B.'s derision, and king Charles must have felt that the poet avenged for him the battle of Worcester. The weight, compression, and plenteousness of the wit is wonderful. Hudibras is like a mass of crystals, every point flashes. It is beyond any other book, of wit "all compact." B. thinks in witty couplets, he argues in them, he spears his foes with jest, he routs and chases them into oblivion with unextinguishable laughter. His best things have become proverbs. His mass of wit has been grated down into common speech, and particles of it may be found any day glittering in the talk of English plowmen and artisans."
Butler was certainly well educated but he did not achieve the degrees necessary to place him in the ranks of the Universities. His poems, for that is what he wrote, are sprinkled with the thoughts and passages of those who went before him and it is through the carefully researched works of the Reverend Treadway Russel Nash D. D(c). and Zachary Grey LL.D.(d) which form large annotations to the poem that we can fully appreciate Samuel Butler's life's work."
***
Hudibras is, in fact, seven different literary jewels:
Hudibras is a poem written in three parts which because of its rhyme
provides good and easy entertainment. But beware, there's a morals there
aplenty.(1)
Hudibras is a historical document that reflects the unrest of the
time within the whole of England.(2)
Hudibras tweaks and twiddles all religions, not just the Catholics
and Presbyterians. And in reading later editions of the poem, corrected by
Mr. Butler, it appears that political correctness was alive and well at this
early date.(3)
Hudibras is a bawdy poem that dims the products of modern day writers
when it describes the relationships between men and women. It succeeds by
suggestion, not illustration (4)
Hudibras is a satire of Don Quixote that does in poetry what Miguel
Cervantes did in prose.(5)
Hudibras put to paper, the sayings of the people of the time, not
unlike Cervantes' giving voice to the people of Spain through the wit of
Sancho Panza. These "proverbs" continue to enrich our speech (6)
Hudibras is a commentary on the science of the time.(7)
***
(1)
Hudibras is not Hudibras without the contribution of two men; Zachary Grey and Treadway Nash. They breathed life into the poem.
The annotation of Zachary Grey - Without his massive footnotes that cover more pages than the poem itself, we would have lost forever the sense and relevance of Samuel Butler's writing. Dr. Grey represents what all good historians should strive to be. Not just squirreling away their thoughts into some library, but instead placing in proper order the way in which the events of the day are recorded. His is the reference you should seek to see Hudibras, the man, revealed as Don Quixote, his counterpart in Spanish fiction.
The notes of Treadway Russel Nash - Dr. Nash had the advantage of following the works of Dr. Grey by some seventy-five years or so. In his Hudibras, he often-times includes the Grey notes or sources without reference. And most important, he had access to the unpublished manuscript of Butler and quoted from it, aptly. In addition, Dr. Nash assembled "facts" that while irrelevant to the story of Hudibras, provided color, giving a lightness to the poem and amuses the reader with "points of light" that will be long remembered after the particular line in the poem is forgotten.
Following is a brief taken from Dr. Grey's work which addresses the problem of being educated beyond one's intelligence.
Part I, Canto III
"Learning that cobweb of the brain,(line 1339)
Profane, erroneous, and vain; (line 1340)
A trade of knowledge as replete
As others are with fraud and cheat;
An art t'incumber gifts and wit,
And render both for nothing fit;
Makes light unactive, dull and troubled, (line 1345)
Like little David in Saul's doublet;
A cheat that scholars put upon
Other men's reason and their own;
A sort of error to ensconce
Absurdity and ignorance, (line 1350)
That renders all the avenues
To truth impervious and abstruse,
By making plain things, in debate,
By art perplex'd and intricate:....
***
Notes by Zachary Grey on line 1339 and following lines:
Ralpho (Hudibras's squire equivalent to Sancho Panza) was a great enemy to human learning as Jack Cade and his fellows rebels; see the dialogue between Cade and the Clerk of Chatham, Shakespeare's 2d part of King Henry VI. Act iv. Vol. Iv. P. 269, 270. Cade's words to Lord Say, p. 277. Before he ordered his head to be cut off; "I am the besom (broom) that must sweep the court clean of such filth as thou art: thou hast most traiterously corrupted the youth of the realm, in erecting a grammar-school; and whereas before our forefathers had no other books but the Score and the Tally, thou hast caused printing to be used; and, contrary to the King, his crown and dignity, thou hast built a paper-mill. It will be proved to thy face, that thou hast men about thee that usually talk of a noun and a verb, and such abominable words as no Christian ear can endure to hear." Or Eustace in Beaumont and Fletcher's Elder Brother, act ii. Fc. ii, or Rabbi Busy in the stocks accost the justice, in the same limbo, who talked Latin, Ben Johnson's Bartholomew Fair, act iv. fc. vi. In the following manner:"Bus. Friend, I will leave to communicate my spirit with yon, if I hear any more of those superstitious reliques, those list of Latin, the very rags of Rome, and patches of Popery."
It was the opinion of those tinkers, tailors, &c. that governed Chelmsford at the beginning of the rebellion, see Mercurius Rusticus, No III. p 32. "That learning had always been an enemy to the gospel, and that it were a happy thing if there were no universities, and that all books were burnt except the bible."
"I tell you (says a writer of those times), wicked books do as much wound us as the swords of our adversaries; for manner of learning is superfluous and costly. Many tongues and languages are only confusion, and only with, reason, and understanding, and scholarship are the main means that oppose us, and hinder our cause; therefore if ever we had the fortune to get the upper hand, we will down with all law and learning, and have no other rule but the carpenter's, nor any writing or reading but the Score and Tally."
***
Dr. Treadway Nash's writing on this same line and following lines of poetry:
"Dr. South, in his sermon preached in Westminster Abbey, 1692, says, speaking of the times about 50 years before, Latin unto them was a mortal crime, and Greek looked upon as a sin against the Holy Ghost; that all learning was then cried down, so that with them the best preachers were such as could not read, and the ablest divines such as could not write: in all their preachments they so highly pretended to the spirit, that they hardly could spell the letter. To be blind, was with them the proper qualification of a spiritual guide, and to be book-learned (as they called it) and to be irreligious, were almost terms convertible. None were thought fit for the ministry but tradesmen and mechanics, because none else were allowed to have the spirit. Those only were accounted like St. Paul who could work with their hands, and, in a literal sense, drive the nail home, and be able to make a pulpit before the preached in it.
The independents and anabaptist were great enemies to all human learning; they thought that preaching, and every thing else, was to come by inspiration.
When Jack Cade ordered lord Say's head to be struck off, he said to him: "I am the besom that must sweep the court clean of such filth as thou art. Thou hast most traiterously corrupted the youth of the realm, in erecting a grammar school; and whereas, before, our fore-fathers had no other books, but the score and the tally, thou hast caused printing to be used; and, contrary to the king, his crown and dignity, thou hast built a paper-mill. It will be proved to thy face, that thou hast men about thee, that usually talk of a noun and a verb; and such abominable words as no christian ear can endure to hear." Henry VI. Part II. Act. iv. sc. 7.
In Mr. Butlers MS. I find the following reflections on this subject:
"The modern doctrine of the court, that men's natural parts are rather impaired than improved by study and learning, is ridiculously false; and the design of it as plain as its ignorant nonsense - no more than what the levellers and quakers found out before them; that is, to bring down other men, whom they have no possibility of coming near any other way, to an equality with themselves; that no man may be thought to receive any advantage by that, which they, with all their confidence, dare not pretend to."
"It is true that some learned men, by their want of judgment and discretion, will sometimes do and say things that appear ridiculous to those who are entirely ignorant: but he, who from hence takes measure of all others, is most indiscreet. For no one can make another man's want of reason a just cause for not improving his own, but he who would have been as little the better for it, if he had taken the same pains."
"He is a fool that has nothing of philosophy in him; but not so much so as he who has nothing else but philosophy."
"He that has less learning than his capacity is able to manage, shall have more use of it than he that has more than he can master; for no man can possibly have a ready and active command of that which is too heavy for him, Qui ultra facultates sapit, desipit. Sense and reason are too chargeable for the ordinary occasions of scholars, and what they are not able to go to the expense of: therefore metaphysics are better for their purposes, as being cheap, which any dunce may bear the expense of, and which make a better noise in the ears of the ignorant than that which is true and right. Non qui plurima, sed pui utilia legerunt, cruditi habvendi."
"A blind man knows he cannot see, and is glad to be led, though it be but by a dog; but he that is blind in his understanding, which is the worst blindness of all, believes he sees as well as the best; and scorns a guide."
"Men glory in that which is their infelicity, - learning Greek and Latin, to understand the sciences contained in them, which commonly proves no better bargain than he makes, who breaks his teeth to crack a nut, which has nothing but a maggot in it. He that hath made languages to express his thoughts, but no thoughts worth expressing, is like one who can write a good hand, but never the better sense; or one who can cast up any sums of money, but has none to reckon."
"They who study mathematics only to fix their minds, and render them steadier to apply to other things, as there are many who profess to do, are as wise as those who think, by rowing in boats, to learn to swim."
"He that has made an hasty march through most arts and sciences, is like an ill captain, who leaves garrisons and strong holds behind him."
"The arts and sciences are only tools,
Which students do their business with in schools:
Although great men have said, "tis more abstruse,
And hard to understand them, than their use.
To better things, few ever venture further.
But as all good designs are so accurst,
The best intended often proved the worst;
So what was meant t' improve the world, quite cross,
Has turn'd to a calamity and loss."
"The greatest part of learning's only meant
For curiosity and ornament.
And therefore most pretending virtuosos,
Like Indians, bore their lips and flat their noses.
When ^�tis their artificial want of wit,
That spoils their work, instead of mending it
To prove by syllogism is but to spell,
A proposition like a syllable."
"Critics esteem no sciences so noble,
As worn out languages, to vamp and cobble.
And when they had corrected all old copies,
To cut themselves out work, made new and foppish,
Assum'd an arbitrary power t' invent
And overdo what th' author never meant.
Could find a deeper subtler meaning out,
Than th' innocentest writer ever thought."
"Good scholars are but journeymen to nature,
That shews them all their tricks to imitate her:
Though some mistake the reason she proposes,
And make them imitate their virtuosos.
And arts and sciences are but a kind
Of trade and occupation of the mind:
An exercise by which mankind is taught
The discipline and management of thought
To best advantages; and takes its lesson
From nature, or her secretary reason.^�
Is both the best or worst way of instructing,
As men mistake or understand her doctrine:
That as it happens proves the legerdemain,
Or practical dexterity of the brain:
And renders all that have to do with books,
The fairest gamesters, or the falsest rooks.
For there's a wide and vast difference,
Between a man's own, and another's sense;
As is of those that drive a trade upon
Other men's reputation and their own.
And as more cheats are used in public stocks,
So those that trade upon account of books,
Are greater rooks than he who singly deals
Upon his own account and nothing steals."
***
(2)
***
(3)
Part I, Canto I
For Hebrew roots, altho' they're found
To flourish most in barren ground, (line 60)
He had such plenty as suffic'd
To make some think him (Hudibras) circumcis'd
And truly so he was, perhaps,
Not as a proselyte, but for claps.
Notes by Zachary Grey -
For Hebrew roots, ...(line 59)
Dr. Echard (see Defense of his Reasons for Contempt of the Clergy, &c,
entitled Grounds and Reasons, &c.p. 114) tells us, "That some are of
opinion that children may speak Hebrew at fours years of age, if they be
brought up in a wood, and suck of a wolf; and Sir Thomas Browne observes
(Vulgar Errors, book v. chap. 22.) "That children in the school of
Nature, without institution, would naturally speak the primitive language of
the world, was the opinion of the ancient Heathens, and continued since by
Christians, who will have it our Hebrew tongue, as being the language of
Adam."
To flourish most in barren ground. (line 60)
If so, why may we not infer that German monk to have been a wag, who, taking
a catalogue of a friend's library, and meeting with a Hebrew book in it,
entered it under the title of "A book that has the beginning where the end
should be." See Tatler, No. 239
To make some think him circumcis'd, (line 62)
The Heathens had an odd opinion, and gave a strange reason why Moses imposed
the law of circumcision on the Jews, which, how untrue soever, I will give
the learned reader an account of, without translation, as I find it in the
annotation upon Horace, wrote by my worthy and learned friend Mr. William
Baxter, the great restorer of the ancient and promoter of modern learning.
Hor. Fat. 9. Sermon lib. I. (Note: That provided by Dr. Grey is in Latin and
Greek.)
***
Treadway Nash has a slightly different ending to this set of lines which changes the meaning altogether.
Part I, Canto I
For Hebrew roots, altho' they're found
To flourish most in barren ground, (line 60)
He had such plenty as suffic'd
To make some think him circumcis'd;
And truly so perhaps he was,
Tis many a pious Christian's case
.
To flourish most in barren ground, (line 60)
The poet in depicting the knight, blends together his great pretensions, and
his real abilities; giving him high encomiums on his affected character, and
dashing them again with his true and natural imperfections. He was a
pretended saint, but in fact a very great hypocrite; a great champion,
though an errant coward; famed for learning, yet a shallow pendant.
And truly so perhaps he was (line 63)
Some students in Hebrew have been very angry with these lines, and assert,
that they have done more to prevent the study of that language, than all the
professors have done to promote it. See a letter to the printer of the
Diary, dated January 15, 1789, and signed John Ryland. The word for,
here means, as to.
The first edition of this couplet was differently expressed:
And truly so he was perhaps,
Not as a proselyte, but for claps.
Many vulgar, and some indecent phrases, were after corrected by Mr. Butler.
And indeed, Mr. Crowley observes, in his Ode on Wit.,
- ^�tis just
The author blush, there, where the reader must.
(Political correctness was alive and well at this early age. jsw)
(4)
Kim Candy of the National Organization for Women would blush to discover her cause has been preempted by some three hundred or so years.
Part II, Canto II(a)
When o're the breeches greedy women
Fight, to extend their vast dominion, (line 700)
And in the cause impatient Grizel
Has drubb'd her husband with bull' pizzle.(b)
And brought him under covert baron,
To turn her vassal with a murrain;
When wives their sexes shift, like hares (c)(line 705)
And ride their husbands like night-mares;
And they, in mortal battle vanquish'd,.
Are of their charter dis-enfranchis's,
And by the right of war, like gills,(d)
Condemn'd to distaff, horns, and wheels; (line 710)
For when men by their wives are cow'd,
Their horns of course are understood.
(a) Grey - When o'er the breeches greedy women - Fight, to extend their vast
dominion. (line 700)
Margarita (see Fletcher's Rule a wife and have a wife, act ii.p.17.
Edit.1640. speaks thus to Leon, to whom she was going to be married.
"You must not look to be my master, Sir,
Or talk I' th' house as tho' you wore the breeches;
No nor command in any thing"
This was Patricio's wish, see Ben Johnson's Masque of the Metamorphosed
Gypsies, vol. I. P. 76.
"From a woman true to no man,
Which is ugly, besides common,
A smock rampant, and the itches
To be putting on the breeches;
Wherefoe'er they have their being,
Bless the sov'reign, and his seeing!"
A Jewish Rabbi, in commenting upon the words of Adam, Gen. iii.12. "She gave me of the tree, and I did eat." Gives the following strange comment upon them; By giving him of the tree is to be understood a sound rib-roasting; that is to say, in plain English, Eve finding her husband unwilling to eat of the forbidden fruit, took a good crab-tree cudgel, and labored his sides till he complied with her will. (Mr. S. of B.) See an account of termagant wives, Tatler, No. 217. Spectator, No 247
.
When wives their sexes shift, like hares. (line 705)
"Thus I charm thee from this place:
Snakes that cast their coats for new,
Cameleons that alter hue,
Hares that yearly sexes change,
Proteus alt'ring oft and strange," &c
.
Sullen's charm to transform Amaryllis, Fletcher's Faithful Shepherdess, 4th edit. Act. iii. fc..i. p.27.28.
There are many fabulous instances of women changing their sexes. See Higden's Polychronicon, by Treviza, lib.ii. Cap. I. Fol. 58. Chronic. Chronicor. Politic. Lib. Ii. P. 326. Montaine's Essays, book I. Chap. Xx. P. 112. Edit 1711. See this onion exposed by Sir Thomas Browne, Vulgar Errors, Book iii. chap. Xvii.
And by the right of war, like gills (line 709)
Gill-hooter, an owl. See Bailey's Dict.
(b) jsw comment -A bull's pizzle (penis) is some three feet long and it is uncertain what might have been intended. You can purchase a pizzle stick which is a walking stick made from a preserved bull's penis from some farm suppliers.
(c) Nash -Many have been the vulgar errors concerning the sexes and copulation of hares; but they being of a very timid and modest nature, seldom couple but in the night, It is said the doe hares have tumors in the groin, like the castor, and that the buck hares have cavities like the hyena. Besides, they are said to be retromingent, which occasioned the vulgar to make a confusion in the sexes. When huntsmen are better anatomist and philosophers, we shall know more of this matter. See Brown's Vulgar Errors, b. iii. c.27. But our poet has here chiefly means to ridicule Dr. Bulwer's Artificial Changeling, p.407, who mentions the female patriarch of Greece, and pope Joan of Rome, and likewise the boy Sporus, who was married to the emperor Nero; upon which it was justly said by some, that it had been happy for the empire, if Domitius, his father, had had none other but such a wife. See what Herodotus says concerning the men of Scythia, in his Thalia.
( d) Gill, scortillum, a common woman: in the Scots and Irish a girl; there never was a Jack but there was a Gill. See Kelly's Scotch Proverbs, page 316. See also Chaucer's Millers Tale and Gower, Confess. Amant. And G. Douglas's Prologue, page 451.
***
(5)
***
(6)
***
(7)
Line280 ... So, learned Taliacotius, from
The brawny part of porter's bum,
Cut supplemental noses, which
Would last as long as parent breech;
But when the date of Nock was out,
Off drop'd the sympathetic snout.
So learned Toliacoatiuis, &c. Gasper Taliacotius was born at Boninia, A.D. 1553, and was professor of physic and surgery there. He died 1599. His statue stands in the anatomy theatre, holding a nose in its hand. He wrote a treatise in Latin, called Chirurgia Nota, in which he teaches the art of ingrafting noses, ears, lips, &c. with the proper instruments and bandages: this book has passed through two editions. Many are of opinion that Taliacotius never put his ingenious contrivances in practice; they imagine that such operations are too painful and difficult to be attempted, and doubt of the success: however, Taliacotius is not singular in his doctrine; for he shews, in lib i.cap.19. That Alexander Benedictus, a famous writer in surgery, described the operation for lost noses before him; as does the great anatomist Vefalius: and Ambr. Pareus mentions a surgeon that practiced this art with success in several instances. Our own countryman, Mr Charles Barnard, sergent-sergeon to Queen Anne, asserts, That it has been practiced with wonderful dexterity and success as maybe proved from authorities not to be counterfeited, whatever scruples some, who have not examined the history, may entertain concerning either the truth or possibility of the fact; so that it is a most surprising thing, that few or none should have since attempted to imitate so worthy and excellent a pattern. Wotton on Ancient and Modern Learning, c.36. (Dr H.) See an humorous description of Taliacotius and his practice, Tatler, No 260. Dr Fludd, a Rosicrusian philosopher and physician, mentioned v.541. Has improved upon this story: Defense of Weapon Salve, or the Squeezing of Parson Foster's Spunge, 1635, p132. He informs us, as he pretends from unexceptionable authority, of a certain nobleman in Italy, who lost a great part of his nose in a duel: he was advised by one of his physicians to take one of his slaves, and to make a wound in his arm, and to join the little remainder of the nose to the wounded arm of his slave, and to continue it there for some time, till the flesh of the arm was united to his nose. The nobleman prevailed upon one of his slaves, on the promise of his freedom and a reward, to consent to the experiment; by which the double flesh was united, and a piece of flesh was cut out of the slave's arm, which was so managed by a skillful surgeon as to serve for a natural nose. The slave being rewarded and set free, went to Napes, where he fell sick and died; at which instant gangrene appeared upon the nobleman's nose: upon which that part of the nose, which belonged to the dead man's arm was, by the advice of his physicians, cut off; and being encouraged by the above-mentioned experiment, he was prevailed upon to have his own arm wounded in like manner, and to apply it to the remainder of his nose, which he did; a new nose was cut out of it, which continued with him till death. See Sir Kenelm Digby's Discourse concerning Powder of Sympathy, 1660p115.
***
(a) Johnson, Samuel. Prefaces, Biographical and Critical to the Works of the English Poets. 10 vols. Vol 6. London: J. Nicols,1779. (Extracted and modified on October 1, 2001)
Johnson, Samuel. The Life of Samuel Butler. The Penn State Archive
of Samuel Johnson's Lives of the Poets. Ed. Kathleen Nulton Kemmerer.
1 September 2000.
Document URL:
http://www.hn.psu.edu/faculty/kkemmerer/poets/butler/default.html
Last modified Sunday, April 29, 2001 09:46:19
(b) Library of Universal Knowledge.( A Reprint of the Last (1880)
Edinburgh and London Edition of Chambers's Encyclopaedia), Published by
the American Book Exchange, 1880, New York.
(c) Hudibras with notes and a literary memoir by Rev. Treadway Russel
Nash, Samuel Butler, D. Appleton and Company, New York, 1854. Comments by
the Rev. Treadway Russel Nash. D.D. historian of Worchestershire, He was
born June 24, 1725 at Clerkenleap (also Clarconleppo in the 16th
century.)
(d) Hudibras, in three parts, Written in the Time of the Late Wars,
Samuel Butler, With Large Annotations and a Preface by Zachary Grey, LL. D.
in Two volumes., 1779, Bell and Murray, Edinburgh. Grey was rector of
Houghton Conquest, Bedfordshire. The text of Hudibras was explained
by plentiful quotations from puritan and other contemporaries. Warburton who
rendered some help, which he apparently thought was not sufficiently
acknowledged and wrote "so execrable a heap of nonsense had ever appeared in
any learned language as Grey's commentaries on Hudibras."
(Note: Most text published by other houses are equally as complete as this
one. The major variation appears to be in whether they include drawings by
Hogarth, or prints of famous men. Some use the old English, f for s, which
makes reading more pleasurable; and some have more complete indexes than
others. Advertisements appear in some. )
***
****
Joe Wortham's Home Page ,
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Questions? Comments? [email protected]
(Note: Most text published by other houses are equally as complete as this
one. The major variation appears to be in whether they include drawings by
Hogarth, or prints of famous men. Some use the old English, f for s, which
makes reading more pleasurable, and some have more complete indexes than
others. jsw. Advertisements appear in some. Many of the notes found in Dr.
Nash's edition are from: The Genuine Remains in Verse an Prose of Mr.
Samuel Butler, Author of Hudibras. Published from the original
manuscripts, formerly in the possession of W. Longueville, Esq.; with notes
by R. Thyer, keeper of the public library at Manchester. 2 vol. 8vo, pp 419,
512. Published London, printed for J. and R. Tonson, 1759. jsw)