In keeping with the custom of the time, his parents arranged
an early marriage for him before he left for England.
Mohammad
Ali Jinnah was the youngest of any Indian student ever sent
to England to qualify for the Bar in 1892. In London he
joined Lincoln's Inn, one of the legal societies that prepared
students for the Bar. In Lincoln’s Inn his fellow
students humorously described him as the “tall thin
boy in a funny long yellow coat”, but Jinnah’s
achievement as a student was remarkable as he passed his
examinations in two years. While in London Jinnah suffered
two severe bereavements—the deaths of his wife and
of his mother; Nevertheless, he completed his formal studies
and also made a study of the British political system, frequently
visiting the House of Commons. Another two years took him
to complete the rest of the formalities required to be undergone.
Mohammad
Ali Jinnah was destined to be a great leader of the country
and the creator of the biggest Islamic State in the world
and this could not possible unless he was well versed in
Law. He utilized his last two years for further independent
studies of political career he had in mind.
In
1947, while addressing Karachi Bar Association, Quaid-e-Azam
Mohammad Ali Jinnah recalled:
“I joined Lincoln’s Inn because there, on the
main entrance, the name of Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace
be upon him) was included in the list of the great law-givers
of the world.”
On his return to Karachi in 1896, he found the surroundings
were not however suitable for the ambitious barrister and
he decided to shift to a better place, Bombay, which had
a High Court, and offered much opportunities to show one’s
merits and earn distinction. Early days of Mohammad Ali
Jinnah in Bombay were great disappointment and frustration.
Although he attended his office regularly, everyday he wandered
without a single brief.
After
the laps of three years, an Englishman, Sir John Molesworth
MacPherson who was acting during those days as Advocate
General of Bombay, Invited Mohammad Ali Jinnah to work in
his chamber. It was a courteous concession the first of
its kind ever extended to an Indian, which Mohammad Ali
Jinnah remembered as a beacon of hope in the dark distress
of his early struggle.
Early in 1900, Mohammad Ali Jinnah was selected and appointed
as Presidency Magistrate on the recommendation of Mr. MacPherson.
The vacancy had however to last first for three months and
thereafter by extension to another three months.
Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s biographer M.H. Saiyid, writes:
“With what ability and skill the probationer conducted
the proceedings of the Court and how sound his judgments
were, is evident from the fact that on the expiry of this
temporary period, on the 3rd of November, Sir Charles requested
Mohammad Ali Jinnah to make himself available for future,
when he might require him permanently on an increased scale
of pay rising up to Rs. 1,500 per month. The independence
of character of the young man and his determination to achieve
the ideal he had set before him would not, however, let
him pause on the way, and with the usual smile on his face
he thankfully declined saying that his ultimate ambition
was to earn Rs. 1,500 a day. Sir Charles Ollivant thought
that the sentimental young lawyer was committing a mistake.
The fact is noteworthy because, even in the height of his
fame as an advocate, Mohammad Ali Jinnah did not raise his
professional fees to more than what he had originally fixed
in mind”.
The
reputation of a lawyer is the greatest asset. A lawyer who
is not correct in his deal with the client loses respect
as a man, even if he is a brilliant lawyer. When a client
offered Rs. 5000/- for conduct of case, Jinnah insisted
receiving only Rs.1500/- because the case was over in three
days and Jinnah then was charging Rs.500/- per day the client
saved his Rs.3500/-, but Jinnah earned respect.
Mohammad
Ali Jinnah said about the reasons of his success as follow:
“Character, courage, industry, and perseverance are
the four pillars on which the whole edifice of human life
can be built, and failure is a word unknown to me”.
The Non-Muslim members of the Bar paid the tribute in the
following words:
“Mohammad Ali Jinnah was scrupulously honest, he never
did any injustice or a shady act, and there was no one to
touch him in legal argument. He was what God made him. He
had a sixth sense, he could see around corners, a very clear
thinker, drove his points home, points chosen with exquisite
selection, with slow delivery, word by word: it was all
pure, cold logic. No one could deny his power of argument.
When he stood up in Court, slowly looking towards the judge,
placing his monocle in his eye -with the sense of timing
you would expect from an actor- he became omnipotent. Yes,
that is the world -omnipotent.”
An
eminent Professor who attended a murder case as a Juror
was thunder-struck with the cross examination and address
of Mohammad Ali Jinnah and he described him as “magician
with the monocle”.
Mc.
Chagla, Chief Justice, Bombay High Court has praised his
legal experience as follows:
“Mohammad Ali Jinnah was pure artist in the manner
and method of his presentation. Even the most complex facts
became simple and obvious when he waved his wand over them.
He could be ferociously aggressive and almost boyishly persuasive
as and when the occasion arose, and what particularly helped
him in his advocacy was the absolute clear head that he
possessed and on which he justly prided himself. He had
a common sense, that most uncommon of qualities, in an uncommon
degree”.
In
recognition of Jinnah’s eminence as a lawyer during
his eventful career at the Bar, the portrait of M.A Jinnah
has been placed in Lincoln’s Inn among those of other
great lawyers and statesmen.