|
The Tinnea
Nigra. La tiña negra.
*********************************** EDITORIAL ESPAÑOL: ================ Hola amigos DERMAGICOS, el tema de hoy la TIÑA NEGRA, interesante patología Micótica, solicitada por el Dr: Hernán Vargas Montiel., presidente de la Sociedad Venezolana de Dermatología, a propósito del Congreso Ibero latinoamericano de Micología a efectuarse en España. Espero que estas interesantes referencias nos ilustren bien esta curiosa y benigna enfermedad. AGENTE CAUSAL DE TIÑA NEGRA: Exophiala werneckii SINONIMOS: Phaeoannellomyces werneckii Cladosporium werneckii (Horta) Dematium werneckii (Dodge) Pullularia werneckii (de Vries) Aureobasidium mansonii (Cooke) NOTA: En el año 1984 le cambiaron el nombre taxonómico a la Exophiala werneckii a Hortaea werneckii, propuesto por Nishimura y Miyaji, y es el nombre más utilizado en la actualidad, algunos autores lo denominan Phaeoannellomyces werneckii debido a propuestas anteriores. ---------------------------- " que tiene que ver la Pitiriasis Rosada con la Legionella, Picornavirus, Herpesvirus 7 y Epstein Barr" próxima edición !!! Hasta una nueva oportunidad !!! Dr. José Lapenta R.,,, EDITORIAL ENGLISH: ================ Hello DERMAGICS friends, today's topic the tinea nigra, interesting fungus pathology, requested by the Dr: Hernan Vargas Montiel., president of the Venezuelan Society of Dermatology on purpose of the Ibero latinoamerican Congress of Micology to be made in Spain. I hope these interesting references illustrate us well this curious and benign illness. CAUSAL AGENT, TINNEA NIGRA: Exophiala werneckii SYNONYMS: Phaeoannellomyces werneckii Cladosporium werneckii (Horta) Dematium werneckii (Dodge) Pullularia werneckii (de Vries) Aureobasidium mansonii (Cooke) ------------------------ NOTE: In 1984, the taxonomic name of Exophiala werneckii was changed to Hortaea werneckii, proposed by Nishimura and Miyaji, and it is the name most commonly used today. Some authors call it Phaeoannellomyces werneckii due to previous proposals. "what relationship exists between the Pityriasis Rosea and the Legionella, Picornavirus, Herpesvirus 7 and Epstein Barr", next edition!! Until a new opportunity, !!! Dr. José Lapenta R. ==================================================================== Mycology AB - A second case of tinea nigra occuring in Germany is recorded. The
patient was a 33 year old women, who supposedly acquired the infection in
Israel, which was not diagnosed until two years after the onset. Scrapings
from a dark macule on her sole yielded Cladosporium werneckii. The lesion
cleared with topical treatment of a keratinolytic ointment and a
haloprogin-cream. AB - A patient had tinea nigra palmaris that had not responed to
toinaftate or salicylic acid ointment during a period of seven years.
Thiabendazole suspension, 10 percent applied twice daily, cleared the
lesion in two weeks. AB - Observations by the author and other workers on exotic mycoses in
Germany are used in order to establish several groups of patients. The
following mycoses from tropical and subtropical areas and their causative
agents are mentioned: Tinea nigra (Cladosporium werneckii), south American
blastomycosis (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis), coccidioidomycosis
(Coccidioides immitis), histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum), mycetoma
(Madurella mycetomi), dermatophytosis/tinea capitis (Trichophyton
soudanense, Trichophyton violaceum, Microsporum ferrugineum),
sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii), chromomycosis (Fonsecaea pedrosoi). AB - Hortaea werneckii (strain CBS 107.67) was examined by light and
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Special attention was paid to the
wall architecture, the septum with a simple pore apparatus, the annellidic
type of collar and the nuclei. Two-celled organisms showed signs of
distoseptation; nuclear events appeared to be rather synchronous in both
cells. The fine structural results provided evidence of endogenous conidia
development. AB - The conidial ontogenesis of the pathogenic black yeasts is studied at
an ultrastructural level and their phylogenesis is discussed. Five cultures
of Exophiala dermatitidis, four of E. jeanselmei, one of E. moniliae, one There are definite differences in morphology of annellated tips among the Exophiala species. The ontogenesis of Hortaea werneckii consists of a combination of sympodial and annellidic conidiogenesis. Its sympodial anamorph is unique and the annellidic anamorph is considered to be a homology of the sympodial one. ======================================================================= AB - Four cases of Tinea Nigra by Exophiala werneckii, observed in Porto
Alegre, RS, during the period 1981-1992 were related. A boy presented
bilateral palmar lesions, one girl had plantar lesions and the remaining
two girls had lesions on the palms. Three cases were autochthonous and the
remaining patient was infected during a trip to Chile. A review of
Brazilian literature and comments on the epidemiology and clinical aspects
of the mycosis is presented. AB - Tinea nigra is a superficial mycosis that may mimic serious
pigmentary lesions. A lesion recently encountered on the foot was suspected
of being a malignant melanoma. Histologic and mycologic studies, done after
a biopsy was obtained, demonstrated Exophilia werneckii in the stratum
corneum. Tinea nigra should be considered in the diagnosis of pigmented
lesions of the hands and feet. A KOH examination is a simple and rapid
means of demonstrating this entity. AB - In a study of 450 Amazonian anurans, we isolated yeasts and yeast-like fungi from 54 animals (Bufo granulosus, B. marinus, Dendrophrynyscus sp., Hyla geographica, H. lanciformes, Ololygon rubra, Adenomera hylaedactyla, Eleutherodactylus fenestratus, Leptodactylus fuscus, L. ocellatus, L. pentadactylus). The internal organs of these animals did not show any macroscopic anomaly nor histopathology. We recovered 105 fungal isolates from the anuran liver, lung, kidney, spleen, heart and gonad. The isolates were made up of 30 fungal species, 9 of which (48 isolates, 46%) were fungi with known pathogenic potentials, namely: Candida guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, Geotrichum candidum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Wangiella dermatitidis, Trichosporon cutaneum and Exophiala werneckii. Eleven animals harbored
identical fungi in more than one of their internal organs; seven animals
had more than one fungal species colonizing a single organ. Our findings
indicated probable natural subclinical infections of candidiasis,
geotrichosis or phaeohyphomycosis, and also symbiotic presence of
non-pathogenic fungi among neotropical anurans. AB - The first case in Uruguay of 'tinea nigra' is described in a
44-year-old male patient with a maculous pigmented lesion on the right
foot. It represents the most meridional case of the disease yet recorded in
South America. Exophiala werneckii was isolated in cultures (strain 1905 IHM). AB - A patient with tinea nigra palmaris was successfully treated with 2% miconazole nitrate cream. In vitro studies demonstrated sensitivity of the causative agent, Exophiala werneckii, to this antifungal agent ======================================================================= AB - The black yeast Hortaea werneckii is known to be a causative agent of human tinea nigra but is also found in the environment. Strains from dissimilar sources were studied by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of nuclear DNA, using primers annealing to repetitive and random sequences. The seven groups found correspond to those known from restriction fragment
length polymorphism (RFLP) studies of the mitochondrial DNA of the same
strains. Two main groups contained strains from human as well as from
non-human sources. The human strains did not cluster, but were randomly
distributed over several populations. It was concluded that these strains
are not pathogenic. The factor common to both niches is a relatively high
salt concentration. AB - Tinea nigra is a relatively uncommon fungal infection presenting as a pigmented macule of the palms or soles. Since the lesion can easily mimic a melanocytic process, it is important to recognize the infection before recommending unnecessary surgical procedures. A case of tinea nigra that responded to treatment with topical ketoconazole is presented. ======================================================================= AB - Tinea nigra is a clinically distinctive superficial mycosis of the
palms, and occasionally the soles, caused by Phaeoannellomyces werneckii. A
patient, resident in the United Kingdom, is described who acquired the
infection in Thailand. The condition cleared after treatment with topical
miconazole cream 2%. AB - Four cases of tinea nigra plantaris are presented. The therapeutic
approaches used by different dermatologists who treated these patients are
analyzed in order to obtain a meaningful conclusion on how to best manage
this infrequent entity. We conclude that the visible affected skin should
be scraped off before using either ciclopiroxolamine or an imidazole
topically; systemic therapy is not recommended. Abstract The authors report a case of tinea nigra of left sole, diagnosticate at the
beginning as melanoma of superficial dissemination. The mycological studies
confirmed the dermatological diagnostic of tinea nigra by Cladosporium
werneckii. Abstract Tinea nigra usually presents as a brown to black macule on the palmar or
plantar skin and is sometimes misdiagnosed as a malignant melanoma or as a
junctional nevus, prompting unnecessary surgical procedures and anguish for
the patient. Superficial scraping of the skin for microscopic inspection
with potassium hydroxide reveals pigmented hyphae, easily confirming the
diagnosis of tinea nigra. Abstract A middle aged woman was diagnosed as a case of tinea nigra palmaris in a
Pondicherry hospital. Ascraping from a dark patch on her palm yielded
Cladosporium werneckii. This is the first report of mycologically confirmed
tinea nigra palmaris from India. Abstract Hydrophobic adhesion of cells of the black yeast Hortaea werneckii (Horta) Nishimura & Miyaji, causative agent of human tinea nigra, was established by microbial adhesion to hexadecane (MATH) and adhesion to polystyrene, and compared with adhesion of other species of black yeasts. Additional ecophysiological tests were performed. Hortaea werneckii cells proved to have a high degree of hydrophobicity (98.5% MATH). The species is unable to
degrade keratin, but shows significant lipolytic activity. It is concluded
that H. werneckii is a commensal, that shows lipophilic adhesion to human
skin and survives by the assimilation of excretion products. Abstract The first infection of tinea nigra known to occur in Canada is reported.
The infection occurred on the palm of a Canadian boy, 6 years of age, while
he was visiting in the Bahamas. Cultural studies identified the causative
fungus to be Cladosporium werneckii. Abstract The morphological and physiological characteristics of 44 isolates of
Exophiala werneckii recovered from human and environmental sources were
indistinguishable from 2 isolates that caused tinea nigra. Casein
hydrolysis and inability to decompose tyrosine differentiate E. werneckii
from Exophiala jeanselmei, Exophiala spinifera, and Wangiella dermatitidis. Abstract Submerged mycelia of a strain of Cladosporium werneckii isolated from tinea
nigra palmaris, when cultured on enriched corn-meal agar media, developed
fruiting bodies resembling perithecia. The organism responsible was named Microsporum mansonii by Castellani and later renamed Aureobasidium mansonii by Cooke. However, Cooke was actually naming the causative organism of tinea nigra, so his name is now considered to be a synonym of Exophiala werneckii. Since Castellani's name actually referred to the causative organism of pityriasis versicolor, it is now considered to be a synonym of Malassezia furfur Baillon. ====================================================================== |
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Produced by Dr. José Lapenta R.
Dermatologist
|
|
|||
|
|
||||