Table of contents |
Abbreviations
AADT annual average daily traffic
AAMA American Automobile Manufacturers Association
ADT average daily traffic
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
a.m. ante meridiem, the period from 12 midnight to 12 noon.
APA American Planning Association
AQMP Air Quality Management Plan (British Columbia)
ARFCOM Australian Road Fuel Consumption Model
A$ Australian dollar
BaP benzo(a)pyrene
B.C. British Columbia
BCEAA British Columbia Environmental Assessment Act
BCRC British Columbia Research Corporation
BECA Beca Carter Hollings and Ferner
BOD biological oxygen demand
Br bromine
BTCE Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics (Australia)
C carbon
C$ Canadian dollar
CASA Clean Air Strategy for Alberta
CBA cost benefit analysis
CCME Canadian Council of Ministers of Transport
CCS Crown Corporations Secretariat (British Columbia)
CFC chlorofluorocarbon
CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
CH4 methane
Cl chlorine
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
COD chemical oxygen demand
CORE Commission on Resources and Environment (British Columbia)
COSEWIC Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
CPPI Canadian Petroleum Products Institute
CRDRE Capital Regional District Roundtable on the Environment (British Columbia)
CWS Canadian Wildlife Service
dB decibel
dB(A) decibel A-weighted
DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
DFO Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada)
DKK Danish kroner
DoT Department of Transport (United Kingdom)
DOT Department of Transportation (United States of America)
DNL day-night average level
DPU Department of Public Utilities (Commonwealth of Massachusetts)
DRD Danish Road Directorate
EAP Economic Analysis Project of MoTH
ECMT European Conference of Ministers of Transport
EFTE European Federation for Transport and Environment
EIA environmental impact assessment; economic impact assessment
EMME/2 Equilibre Multimodal, Multimodal Equilibrium (University of Montreal transportation network demand model)
EPA Environmental Protection Agency (United States of America)
ERG Energy Research Group, Inc.
F fluorine
FHWA Federal Highway Administration (United States)
FIM Finnish mark
g gram
GCM Global Circulation Model
GDP gross domestic product
GHG greenhouse gas
GJ gigajoule
GNP gross national product
GSSAA Growth Strategies Statutes Amendment Act (British Columbia)
GVRD Greater Vancouver Regional District (British Columbia)
GVW gross vehicle weight
GWP global warming potential
HC hydrocarbon
HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HCM Highway Capacity Manual
HFC hydrofluorocarbon
HIPR hot in-place recycling
HOV high occupancy vehicle
HUBAM Highway User Benefit Assessment Model (Transport Canada)
Hz hertz
IEA International Energy Agency
INRETS Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (France)
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISOHDM International Study of Highway Development and Management Tools
ITS Institute of Transport Studies (New Zealand)
IVHS intelligent vehicle highway system
J joule
kB kilobyte
kg kilogram
km kilometre
KPMG Peat Marwick Stevenson & Kellogg
kt kilotonne
L litre
LCWCR Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Task Force
LOS level of service
m metre
MAE multiple account evaluation
MAK MAK Engineering
MAU multi-attribute utility
MELP Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks (British Columbia)
MEMPR Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources (British Columbia)
mg milligram
MicroBENCOST Microcomputer Benefit Cost Model (Texas Transportation Institute)
Ministry see MoTH
MJ megajoule
MOBILE motor vehicle emission model (USEPA and Environment Canada)
MoF Ministry of Forests (British Columbia)
MoTH Ministry of Transportation and Highways (British Columbia)
NCHRP National Co-operative Highway Research Program (United States of America)
NEPP National Environmental Policy Plan (the Netherlands)
NO nitric oxide
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
N2O nitrous oxide
NOK Norwegian kroner
NOX nitrogen oxides
NPS non-point source
NPV net present value
NRC National Research Council (Canada and United States of America)
O oxygen
O3 ozone
OCC opportunity cost of capital
ODP ozone depletion potential
ODS ozone depleting substance
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OH hydroxyl radical
OTA Office of Technology Assessment (United States of America)
PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
pbm parts per billion
PC personal computer
p.m. post meridiem, the period from 12 noon to 12 midnight.
PM particulate matter
PM2.5 particulate matter smaller than 2.5 m m; fine particulates
ppm parts per million
PV present value
Rendel Rendel Planning and Environmental Appraisal Group, University of East Anglia
ROC reactive organic compound
ROG reactive organic gas
ROW right of way
RSNZ Royal Society of New Zealand
RTEE Round Table on the Environment and the Economy
SACTRA Standing Committee on Trunk Road Assessment (United Kingdom)
SCBA social cost benefit analysis
SCBC Science Council of British Columbia
SCTSP South Coast Transportation System Plan (British Columbia)
SEK Swedish kroner
SENES SENES Consultants Limited (Canada)
SEPA Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
SFU Simon Fraser University (Burnaby, British Columbia)
SKANDIA Skandia Environmental Commission
SNRA Swedish National Road Administration
SOV single occupancy vehicle
SO2 sulphur dioxide
SO4 sulphate aerosol
SOX sulphur oxides
Sypher Sypher:Mueller International (Canada)
t metric tonne
TAC Transportation Association of Canada
TDM transportation demand management
TFA Transportation Financing Authority (British Columbia)
TSM transportation supply management
UBCS User Benefit Cost Spreadsheets
UK United Kingdom
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme
US United States of America
USA United States of America
USDOT United States Department of Transportation
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
UV ultra-violet
VKMT vehicle-kilometre travelled
VOC volatile organic compound; vehicle operating cost
VOSL value of statistical life.
WARS Wildlife Accident Reporting System (MoTH)
WCWC Western Canadian Wilderness Committee
WHO World Health Organization
WMO World Meteorological Office
WRI World Resources Institute
WSDOT Washington State Department of Transportation
WTA willingness to accept
WTP willingness to pay
Units and Conversions
North American Denominations above
1,000
(adopted in this report)
109 = billion
1012 = trillion
1015 = quadrillion
micro (m ) = 0.000001 (one millionth)
milli (m) = 0.001 (one thousandth)
centi (c) = 0.01 (one hundredth)
deci = 0.1
deca (d) = 10
hecto (h) = 102
kilo (k) = 103
mega (M) = 106
giga (G) = 109
tera (T) = 1012
peta (P) = 1015
Length
1 metre (m) = 39.4 inches (in.)
1 inch (in.) = 2.54 centimetres (cm)
1 foot (ft) = 0.305 metre (m)
1 yard (yd) = 0.914 metre (m)
1 acre (ac) = 43,560 square feet (ft2)
1 hectare (ha) = 2.471 acres (ac)
1 litre (L) = 0.2642 imperial gallon (gal)
1 cubic metre (m3) = 35.3 cubic feet (ft3)
1 barrel (bbl) = 190.9 litres (L)
1 tonne = 1,000 kg
1 ton (t) = 2,000 pounds (lb)
1 megajoule (MJ) = 0.2778 kilowatt-hour (kWh)
1 calorie (cal) = 4.186 joules (J)
1 kilojoule (kJ) = 0.9481 British thermal unit (Btu)
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3,413 British thermal units (Btu)
1 kg natural gas (British Columbia) = 54.01 MJ
1 litre of diesel fuel = 38.68 MJ
1 litre of gasoline fuel = 34.66 MJ
Celsius (° C) to Fahrenheit (° F): ° F = (° C ´ 1.80) + 32.0
1 kg carbon= 3.676 kg carbon dioxide
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Last Update October 7, 2001
DF