1. Raymond Allen Cook, Fire From the Flint: The Amazing Careers of Thomas Dixon (Winston-Salem, North Carolina: John F. Blair, Publisher, 1968), 245.

2. Helen C. A. Dixon, A. C. Dixon: The Romance of Preaching [manuscript], ca. 1930. Amzi Clarence Dixon papers, Southern Baptist Archives, Nashville, Tennessee, 4-5.

3. Ibid., 15.

4. Thomas Dixon, Jr., the second Dixon son to survive infancy, was named for his father. Clarence, the oldest, was named for a favorite character of Amanda's in the romance novels she delighted in reading, despite her husband's disapproval.

5. Thomas Dixon to Helen Dixon, February 26, 1927, A. C. Dixon papers.

6. Ibid., January 10, 1928, A. C. Dixon papers.

7. Helen A. C. Dixon, Romance, 3.

8. Joel Williamson, The Crucible of Race: Black-White Relations in the American South Since Emancipation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), 158-165.

9. Helen Dixon, Romance, 6.

10. Max Frank Harris, "The Ideas of Thomas Dixon on Race Relations" (M. A. thesis, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 1948), 3.

11. James Zebulon Wright, "Thomas Dixon: The Mind of a Southern Apologist" (Ph. D. diss., George Peabody College for Teachers, 1966), 93.

12. Mollie Graham to her parents, spring 1884, A. C. Dixon papers.

13. I have found no other references to Dixon's writing anything at this time.

14. Mollie Graham to her parents, autumn 1884, A. C. Dixon papers.

15. Lee B. Weathers, "Thomas Dixon: North Carolina's Most Colorful Character of His Generation," an address, ca. 1947, 7-8.

16. Ibid., 8.

17. Thomas Dixon, Jr., Southern Horizons: The Autobiography of Thomas Dixon, unfinished autobiography with introductory and summarizing notes from Karen Crowe (Alexandria, Virginia: IWV Publishing, 1984), 196.

18. Weathers, 9.

19. Thomas Dixon, Horizons, 197.

20. Thomas Dixon, Jr., Living Problems in Religion and Social Science (New York: Charles T. Dillingham, 1889), 245-49.

21. Ibid., 250-52.

22. Ibid., 253.

23. Ibid., 253.

24. Stephen Joseph Karina, With Flaming Sword: The Reactionary Rhetoric of Thomas Dixon (Ph. D. diss., University of Georgia, 1978), 27; Williamson, 156.

25. Thomas Dixon, Jr., Dixon's Sermons Delivered in the Grand Opera House, New York, 1898-1899 (New York: F. L. Bussey & Co., 1899), 41.

26. Ibid., 78.

27. Ibid., 11.

28. Ibid., 78.

29. Ibid., 79.

30. Ibid., 84-85.

31. Ibid., 98.

32. Ibid., 130-38.

33. Ibid., 115.

34. Ibid., 39.

35. Ibid., 116.

36. Ibid., 117-18.

37. Karina, 29.

38. Urban life in New York and seventeen-hour work days had forced upon Dixon at one point a collapse during which he could not raise his head nor even abide any noise. The cure was to lighten his working pace and to take a home in the country. Dixon bought and restored Elmington Manor in Virginia at this time.

39. Karina, 29-30.

40. Cook, Fire, 105-106.

41. Williamson, 145.

42. Thomas Dixon, Jr., The Leopard's Spots: A Romance of the White Man's Burden--1865-1900 (New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1902), 4.

43. Dixon's portrayal of Legree's actions during the Civil War proves quite interesting. Upon the war's inception, he had freed his slaves and moved to a border state on the Mason-Dixon line in hopes of avoiding service in either army. He had succeeded in avoiding warfare, for the last two years disguised as a female housekeeper.

44. Dixon, Spots, 90-91.

45. Ibid., 126.

46. Ibid., 114-15.

47. Ibid., 146-47.

48. Ibid., 150.

49. Ibid., 151.

50. Williamson, 142.

51. Dixon, Spots, 98.

52. Ibid., 395.

53. Ibid., 200.

54. Ibid., 244.

55. Ibid., 336.

56. Ibid., 336.

57. Elsewhere in Dixon's novels dealing with issues outside the scope of the peculiarly Southern problem in and of itself, he makes it clear that he regards Socialism as one such catalyst. In his final book, The Flaming Sword (1939), he fuses both problems together into one apocalyptic threat to mankind by the first battles of the race war Dixon considered inevitable.

58. Williamson, 148.

59. Ibid., 150-51.

60. His mother did inherit a number of slaves as her dowry, which Thomas Sr. allowed her to keep, in deference to her aristocratic heritage from the rich lands of nearby York County, South Carolina. He treated them well, and after the war Thomas Jr. recalls seeing them crowd around his father begging him to let them go back to work for him, only to be told that the Freedmen's Bureau would not allow him to do such a thing, despite his concern for them.

61. Thomas Dixon, Jr., Dixon on Ingersoll, 17.

62. Mansfield Allan, "Thomas Dixon's `The Leopard's Spots,'" Bookman XV (July 1902), 472.

63. Stephen Joseph Karina, With Flaming Sword: The Reactionary Rhetoric of Thomas Dixon (unpublished Ph. D. diss., University of Georgia, 1978) 2-5.

64. Weathers, 10.

65. Allan, 473.

66. Harris, 58-60. These numbers are taken from figures gathered by the magazine Bookman, and by their nature they were no better than good approximations.

67. Dixon, The Clansman: An Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan (New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1905), 79.

68. Ibid., 91.

69. Ibid., 91.

70. Ibid., 93.

71. Ibid., 124-26.

72. This majority, in point of fact, was a slight and temporary one.

73. Karina, 137-158.

74. Ibid., 171.

75. This declaration is based on a declaration out of Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1898 immediately following on the heels of the famous Wilmington Riot that erupted in the wake of the Democratic electoral victory.

76. Harris, 17.

77. Karina, 167.

78. Ibid., 262.

79. Ibid., 275.

80. Ibid., 282.

81. Ibid., 289-290.

82. Ibid., 291-93.

83. Ibid., 304.

84. Ibid., 306-307.

85. Ibid., 313-314.

86. Ibid., 329.

87. Ibid., 334.

88. Ibid., 360.

89. Ibid., 175.

90. Ibid., 176-78.

91. John German Mencke, "Mulattoes and Race Mixture: American Attitudes and Images from Reconstruction to World War I" (unpublished Ph. D. diss., UNC-CH, 1976), 355.

92. Thomas Dixon, "The Play That is Stirring the Nation," 1905.

93. Ibid.

94. Ibid.

95. Ibid.

96. Harris, 21-23.

97. Dixon, "The Play That is Stirring the Nation."

98. Ibid.

99. In his final novel The Flaming Sword Dixon shapes a world where the Negro question is joined with the Labor question through a shared program of socialism, with such consequences as is incurred by such.

100. Dixon, "The Play That is Stirring the Nation."

101. Thomas Dixon to reporter F. F. Marcosoon in the Columbia (South Carolina) State, January 29, 1905, quoted in Harris, 37.

102. Kelly Miller, "As to The Leopard's Spots," (Howard University Press, 1905), 3.

103. Ibid., 5.

104. Ibid., 8.

105. Ibid., 15-17.

106. Ibid., 17.

107. Ibid., 19.

108. Ibid., 20-21.

109. Weathers, 10-11.

110. Dixon, "The Play That is Stirring the Nation."

111. Thomas Dixon, Jr., in drama review, as reprinted in "The Play That is Stirring the Nation."

112. Karina, 36.

113. Thomas Dixon, Jr., The Traitor: A Story of the Fall of the Invisible Empire (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1907), 79.

114. Ibid., 81.

115. Ibid., 305.

116. Ibid., 306.

117. Ibid., 316-17.

118. Karina, 190.

119. Ibid. 37.

120. Mencke, 357.

121. Williamson, 25.

122. Thomas Dixon, Jr., The Sins of the Father: A Romance of the South (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1912), 25.

123. Ibid., 34.

124. Ibid., 37.

125. Ibid., 86-87.

126. Ibid., 136.

127. Ibid., 184.

128. Ibid., 123.

129. Ibid., 196.

130. Ibid., 203.

131. Ibid., 204.

132. Ibid., 203-205.

133. Ibid., 401.

134. Ibid., 401-402.

135. Ibid., 402.

136. Ibid., 403.

137. Ibid., 403.

138. Ibid., 423.

139. Ibid., 452.

140. Karina, 216-17.

141. Mencke, 378.

142. Karina, 198-202.

143. Ibid., 207-208.

144. Ibid., 208-213.

145. Dixon, Spots, 28-29.

146. Karina, 229.

147. Dixon, Sins, 196.

148. Williamson, 414-458.

149. Karina, 230.

150. Ibid., 238.

151. Ibid., 239.

152. Thomas Dixon, The Flaming Sword (Atlanta: Monarch Publishing Company, 1939), intro.

153. Ibid., 12.

154. Ibid., 18.

155. Ibid., 21.

156. Ibid., 21.

157. Ibid., 24.

158. Ibid., 39.

159. Ibid., 39.

160. Ibid., 40.

161. Ibid., 41.

162. Ibid., 90-94.

163. Ibid., 116.

164. Ibid., 118-121.

165. Ibid., 171-73.

166. Ibid., 179.

167. Ibid., 184.

168. Ibid., 186.

169. Ibid., 196; see also Acts 17:26.

170. Ibid., 196-97.

171. Ibid., 198-99.

172. Ibid., 273.

173. Ibid., 251.

174. Ibid., 263-74.

175. Ibid., 295-96.

176. Ibid., 318.

177. Ibid., 417.

178. Ibid., 420.

179. Ibid., 420.

180. Ibid., 479.

181. Ibid., 481.

182. Karina, 263-64.

183. A. C. Dixon, "The Future of the Educated Negro," A. C. Dixon papers, Southern Baptist Archives, Nashville, Tennessee.