The U.N.O. came into being in April 1945. The need of such an organization was felt after the Second World War during which millions of people were died and wounded and property worth millions of pounds was destroyed. In order to prevent any such destruction the U.N.O. was founded.

The organization had two aims, first is to prevent war and maintain peace in the world and second is to eradicate social evils such as hunger, poverty and ignorance. However the first aim has been succeeded only in a few cases because preventing war is not an easy job. Inspite of it U.N.O. had shown good result in removing social evils.

The central organ of the U.N.O. is General Assembly. Each member can send five representatives to the Assembly but each member nation will have only one vote. All-important issues relating to peace and prosperity of the world are discussed here. It has six main committees for its usual work.

The Security Council is a council of limited members. It has only 15 members of which five are permanent. The permanent members are the U.S.A., USSR, U.K, China and France. The General Assembly elects the rest for two years term. The permanent members have a veto power and if any one of the five members says " NO " to any matter, it is dropped from discussion for the time being. The chief officer of the U.N.O. is called the Secretary General. He is elected by the General Assembly which the approval of the Security Council. The period of his office is five years. He has very important duties and runs the whole affairs of the U. N. O.

The organization has a large Secretariat which works at New Yark and has a staff of over four thousands. The staff arranges the meetings of the organization, prepares reports for the information media and keeps the record of all that is said and done during the meeting.

There are also some specialized bodies of the U.N.O., which associated with its work. Some important bodies are following.

1. INTERNATIONAL BANK:

It gives loans for the construction of Dams, Roads, power plant, Railways etc.

2. UNICEF:

The abreviations stand for United Nations International Children Emergency Fund. It works for the welfare of the children all over the world.

3. W.H.O :

The World Health Organization advises the member nations about matters of health. It helps them to control widespread diseases.

4. F.A.O:

The abreviations stand for Food and Agriculture Organization. It advises the member nations how to grow more food and store it and how to control plant and animal diseases.

5. UNESCO:

The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization works to promote knowledge, science and education through out the world. By making education popular among the member countries it develops understanding in them.

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MANSOOR ALI SHAH.