enry ascended the throne at the age of nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, as Regent, but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious barons were subdued. Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232, he dismissed Hubert de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling without the aid of ministers. Henry displeased the barons by filling government and church offices with foreign favorites, many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he married in 1236. He also squandered money on Continental wars, especially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his sons, Henry agreed to pay the Pope a large sum. When the King requested money from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his power with a Council of barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, with papal approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referred to the arbitration of Louis IX, King of France, who decided in Henry’s favour in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester the King’s brother-in-law, accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at the Battle of Lewes, Sussex taking him prisoner and forcing him to sign the humiliating agreement, the Mise of Lewes. Earl Simon then called Parliament in January 1265, the first in which the boroughs were represented. Later in 1265, however, Henry’s son and heir, Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the barons at the Battle of Evesham in Worcestershire. Simon de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a compromise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on Edward effectively ruled England, and when Henry died, he succeeded him as King. Henry III (of England) (1207-72), King of England (1216-72), son and heir of King John Lackland, a member of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. [GADD.GED]

Granted a Charter to Chumleigh Fair-1238. A White Gauntlet was the symbol of his security. [THELMA.GED]

Henry III (of England) (1207-72), king of England (1216-72), son and successor of King John (Lackland), and a member of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. Henry ascended the throne at the age of nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, as regent, but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious barons were subdued.

Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232 he dismissed Hubert de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling without the aid of ministers. Henry displeased the barons by filling government and church offices with foreign favorites, many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he married in 1236, and by squandering money on Continental wars, especially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his sons, Henry agreed to pay the pope a large sum. When the king requested money from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his power with a council of barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, with papal approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referred to the arbitration of Louis IX, king of France, who decided in Henry's favor in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at Lewes, and took him prisoner. In 1265, however, Henry's son and heir, Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the barons at Evesham, about 40.2 km (about 25 mi) south of Birmingham. Simon de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a compromise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on Edward ruled England, and when Henry died, he succeeded him as king. [Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia]

Additional information: Britannia.com

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