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Present Perfect Simple
A) Present Perfect FORM:
Auxiliary Verb is HAVE (in the present) + Main Verb (in the past participle)( = 3rd column of list of irregular verbs in a dictionary!)
B) Present Perfect: USE:
1. Basically the Present Perfect simple is used to refer for example: * to recently finished actions, e.g. "I have just closed the window." * to actions started in the past but that are still done today, e.g. "She has worked har all week..." = she is still working hard...
2. The Present Perfect is also frequently used in association with time expressions: e.g. "I have JUST closed the window" = I closed it a few moments ago "She has ALREADY seen this movie" = she saw it once before this time "We have waited at the station SINCE 3 o'clock" = we have been there for some time after 3 o'clock. "We have waited at the station FOR two hours" = we have been there for the period of time of 2h. "They haven't arrived YET" = They still didn't reach our destination. or an equivalent "They STILL haven't arrived.