| Human beings are extremely complex phenomena and their behavior is equally complex. In fact, groups and society do not behave; behavior is exhibited only by individuals. To understand human behavior, we must focus on individuals. Behavior is a product of the undividual and his/her conscious. Personality is a key concept in the description and understanding of human beings. Individuals in large part are characterized by their personality. |
| The Individual and Motivation |
| A small approach to the human relations theory |
| Motivation and Behavior |
| The terms, 'motivation' and 'behavior' are closely related-most human hehavior occurs as a result of motivation. Humans don't merely behave, neither do they behave randomly or by chance. Motivation and behavior are not synonymous terms. Motivation is only one class of determinants of behavior. Behavior also is influenced by biological, social, cultural and situational determinants. All behaviors can be grouped into two classes: Voluntary and Involuntary. Needs will become wants and desires. And an individual will change these into action and behavior. Then the individual will meet the goals. This is the model of behavior. It's obvious that most acts of behavior and generally the most important acts of behavior, are voluntary. |
| P.S. Human relations theory focuses on human behavior at work in organizations. (This approach is one of the lacknesses of this theory. Because the term 'human relations' explains more than this. It expresses interrelationships, human behaviors in social groups also, and the like... The nature of human relations theory is described in terms of its relation to behavioral science, its objectives, its orientation, its subject matter and its level of development. Human Relations Theory and Behavioral Ssience Theory are very closely related. Human relations theory, in many respects, is merely an eloboration of a specific part of behavioral science theory-that part dealing with human behavior in organizations. Economics, as a behavioral science, studies the behavior of consumers, businessmen and government policy makers in spending, saving, investing, price-setting and other economic activities. Economic behavior considers human behaviors and changes in their lives not only private things but also things seem to be ovjective like prices, saving... Economics should be considered with psychology. We should focus on the human behavior to comprehend economic affairs. The principles of an entire economy may not affect individuals' behaviors of consumption, investing.etc. Individuals must be supplemented by microeconomic data. Microeconomic data (information on how aggregate income, savings...) are distributed among individual families or firms-have still another function. They provide the link with psychological variables and the basis for a dynamic analysis of what happened and why it happened. Psychological analysis must be directed toward the individual unit. Psychological data must be compared with economic data. |
| The Individual and The Group |
| Action in groups-social behavior-may differ greatly from individual action, but must and can be explained by the same psychological principles. An individual is a worker or a student at certain times of the day and he is father and husband at other times. (The same person but two different behaviors but the same character.) An individual has different factors in different groups: Social groups, ethnic groups,etc... Group belonging and group centered motivational forces are usually most pronounced in groups composed of interacting members who are united in a face-to-face situation. |
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