from app. C, Harding, The Pianoforte, Its History Traced to the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Gresham Press, Old Woking, Surrey. 1978.

<;td> (Aust. ) </tr>

year	pn	in	Harding index, class, note
1716	(Fr. 172)	Marius	( 1 ). ACTIONS : [Square]
1716	(Fr. 172-75)	Marius	( 438 ). HAMMERS Arrangement of : See Book p. 12. r
1716	(Fr. 173)	Marius	( 2 ). ACTIONS : [Square, downstriking]
1716	(Fr. 174)	Marius	( 3 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1716	(Fr. 175)	Marius	( 4 ). ACTIONS : [Grand]
1716	(Fr. 175)	Marius	( 736 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Harpsichord : Fourth Clavecin. See Book p. 15.
1759	(Fr. )	Weltmann	( 5 ). ACTIONS : [Grand]
1759	(Fr. )	Weltman	( 737 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Harpsichord : See Book p. 48.
1759	(Fr. )	Weltman	( 741 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Organ .
1759	(Fr. )	Weltman	( 641 ). PEDALS & STOPS Piano by shortened radius of the blow : See Book p. 72 last sentence and p. 73.
1771	(Eng. 989)	Wakefield, William	( 1089 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning : A small screw of ivory or metal is attached to each wire in ... piano-fortes. One of these screws when turned to right or left draws the wire in tune and there retains it.
1772	(Eng. 1020)	Walker, Adam	( 978 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - by bowing the strings : `The Celestina is a keyed instrument, shaped like a harpsichord, with one, two or more wire or catcut strings to a note. The tone is produced from those strings by one or more threads or bends of silk, flax, wire, gut, hair, leather ... and the said threads or bands are kept circulating above or under the strings by a weight, spring, or traddle, and being pressed when in this motion against the strings by means of the keys ... [the] said thread or threads produce tones from strings as teh bow of a violin ... The "Celestina", as described above, is also made to be played by a pricked barrel ..." [From the Patent abridged].
1772	(Fr. )	de I'Epine	( 6 ). ACTIONS : (-)
1772	(Fr. )	de l'Epine, Adrien	( 742 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Organ : See Book p. 73.
1774	(Eng. 1081)	Merlin, Joseph	( 661 ). PEDALS & STOPS 'Una Corda' or more strings by means of a pedal or stop : See Book p. 70.
1774	(Eng. 1081)	Merlin, Joseph	( 738 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Harpsichord : could be played separately. See Book, p. 48.
1777	(Eng. 1172)	Stodart	( 7 ). ACTIONS : [Grand]
1777	(Eng. 1172)	Stodart, Robert	( 218 ). CHECK .
1777	(Eng. 1172)	Stodart, Robert	( 621 ). PEDALS & STOPS Harmonic Sounds : Swell on the "Octave" by means of pressing gently on a pedal (no further explanation).
1783	(Eng. 1379)	Broadwood	( 8 ). ACTIONS : [Square]
1783	(Eng. 1379)	Broadwood, John	( 255 ). DAMPERS : See Book p. 57 Pig. 41.
1783	(Eng. 1379)	Broadwood, John	( 614 ). PEDALS & STOPS Forte .
1783	(Eng. 1379)	Broadwood, John	( 600 ). PEDALS & STOPS Arrangement of : See Book p. 69.
1783	(Eng. 1379)	Broadwood, John	( 652 ). PEDALS & STOPS Sordino or Sourdine : see Book,pp.70-71.
1783	(Eng. 1379)	Broadwood, John	( 873 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : See Book p. 269.
1783	(Eng. 1379)	Broadwood, John	( 900 ). SOUND-BOARD - with sound post or connecting Bridge : Two sound boards. The upper one connected by a sound post to the lower board which is about one inch from the bottom of the instrument.
1783	(Eng. 1379)	Broadwood, John	( 1070 ). WREST PINS - Arrangement of : See Book p. 64.
1786	(Eng. 1571)	Geib	( 9 ). ACTIONS : [Grand]
1786	(Eng. 1571)	Geib, John	( 293 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1786	(Eng. 1571)	Geib, John	( 603 ). PEDALS & STOPS BUFF See also UNA CORDA : See Book p. 70.
1787	(Eng. 1596)	Landreth	( 10 ). ACTIONS : [Square, upright]
1787	(Eng. 1596)	Landreth, John	( 294 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1787	(Eng. 1607)	Walton	( 11 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square] Tangent action.
1787	(Eng. 1607)	Walton, Humphrey	( 662 ). PEDALS & STOPS 'Una Corda' or more strings by means of a pedal or stop : See Book p. 70,
1787	(Eng. 1607)	Walton, Humphrey	( 1016 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : Tangent action 'with regulating touch frame: See Book p. 59.
1788	(Eng. 1637)	Bury	( 12 ). ACTIONS : [Square]
1788	(Eng. 1637)	Bury, Samuel	( 613 ). PEDALS & STOPS Dulcimer : By means of a slide which throws the dampers off the strings.
1788	(Eng. 1637)	Bury, Samuel	( 642 ). PEDALS & STOPS Piano by shortened radias of the blow : See Book p. 70.
1788	(Eng. 1637)	Bury, Samuel	( 425 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for : See Book p. 64
1788	(Eng. 1637)	Bury, Samuel	( 609 ). PEDALS & STOPS Cembalo or Harpsichord : A sliding board with strips of cloth, leather or parchment upon which are fixed small pieces of whale bone or other hard material such that when the strings are struck the harpsichord tone is produced. By means of a slide which throws off the dampers the tone resembles a dulcimer.
1788	(Eng. 1637)	Bury, Samuel	( 615 ). PEDALS & STOPS Forte : Raising the dampers by means of a slide.
1788	(Eng. 1637)	Bury, Samuel	( 1064 ). UNDER HAMMER : Called 'Counteracting hammer'
1788	(Eng. 1664)	Clagget, Charles	( 772 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Scale Extended : Book p. 21
1788	(Eng. 1664)	Clagget, Charles	( 426 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for .
1788	(Eng. 1664)	Clagget, Charles	( 537 ). KEYS Coverings for: Various : Glass or enamel
1788	(Eng. 1664)	Clagget, Charles	( 549 ). MECHANISM For producing 39 Gradations of Tone Within the Octave : See Book pp. 66-67.
1788	(Eng. 1664)	Clagget, Charles	( 718 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Telio-chordon : The 'TelioChordon. See Book pp. 66-67.
1788	(Eng. 1664)	Clagget, Charles	( 979 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - by bowing the strings : See Book p. 1. Celesrina Stop.
1788	(Eng. 1664)	Clagget, Charles	( 1041 ). TUNING Hammers : With 6 inch cross bar and socket of two inches long.
1788	(Eng. 2160)	Rolfe, William, and Davis, Samuel	( 798 ). SOUND-BOARD - Amplifying the Tone by covering the strings with Vibrating Substances : A vibrating surface of Vellum, Parchment, silk, wood, hemp, flax, cotton, thread or pasteboard, varnished, oiled, papered or otherwise made strong and durable in place of the soundboard made of wood to be acted on by pedals making a pleasing and powerful vibration. See also Claggart's Teliochordon No. 718.
1790	(Eng. 1743)	Hancock, John Crang	( 13 ). ACTIONS : [Grand] Ang-German action.
1790	(Eng. 1743)	Hancock, John Crang	( 629 ). PEDALS & STOPS Harp (and German flute) : The harp is a hand stop which like the Buff cuts off one of each pair of strings. The German flute is a set of pipes going down to Violin G worked by a pedal pumping in the wind.
1790	(Eng. 1743)	Hancock, John Crang	( 734 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - German flute & Harp : The German Flute is produced by bringing Into action a set of pipes below the case. The Harp effect is produced by bringing pieces of thick leather under one string only and string the string by the hammer through the leather.
1790	(Eng. 1743)	Hancock, John Crang	( 1017 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : See Book p. 5960.
1790	(Eng. 1784)	Ball, James	( 256 ). DAMPERS : Under the string on a lever placed under or over the key which ever is convenient by which means the weight of the key presses it to the string'. (Official Abridgements).
1790	(Eng. 1784)	Ball, James	( 291 ). DESK FOR MUSIC .
1790	(Eng. 1784)	Ball, James	( 409 ). HAMMER Hingeing to hammer rail .
1790	(Eng. 1784)	Ball, James	( 1018 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : See Book p. 59.
1792	(Eng. 1847)	Buttery, George	( 385 ). HAMMER Butts .
1792	(Eng. 1847)	Buttery, George	( 595 ). ON SPRINGS : See Book p. 294.
1792	(Eng. 1847)	Buttery, George	( 759 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - On Springs : Springs fixed to each foot of the frame to remove the deadening effect of the carpet.
1792	(Eng. 1849)	Gareka, George	( 1071 ). WREST PINS - Arrangement of : See Book p. ii4.
1792	(Eng. 1866)	Geib, John	( 732 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Clavichord or Spinet : Two keyboards, the Pianoforte one is the lower. See Book pp.48-49.
1792	(Eng. 1887)	Davis, James	( 739 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Harpsichord : (With two keyboards, the upper one for the Pianoforte the lower one for the Harpsichord.
1794	(Eng. 2016)	Erard, Sebastien	( 14 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square]
1794	(Eng. 2016)	Erard, Sebastien	( 663 ). PEDALS & STOPS 'Una Corda' or more strings by means of a pedal or stop : See Book p. 70.
1794	(Eng. 2017)	Southwell, William	( 257 ). DAMPERS : See Book p. 56.
1794	(Eng. 2017)	Southwell, William	( 531 ). KEYS Additional Keys, hammers or strings to the treble : See book p. 68.
1795	(Eng. 2028)	Stodart, William	( 15 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1795	(Eng. 2028)	Stodart, William	( 439 ). HAMMERS Arrangement of : See Book p, 51 and Fig. 47 opposite p. 63
1795	(Eng. 2028)	Stodart, William	( 701 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Grand : 'Upright Grand in the form of a bookcase'. See Book p. 60, 62 fig. 47 action and plate VIII.
1796	(Am. )	McLean, James Sylyanus	( 574 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : Piano Forte.
1797	(Eng. 2160)	Rolfe, William, and Davis, Samuel	( 612 ). PEDALS & STOPS Drum : See Book p. 71.
1798	(Eng. 2264)	Southwell, William	( 16 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1798	(Eng. 2264)	Southwell, William	( 532 ). KEYS Additional Keys, hammers or strings to the treble : Downstriking additional hammers far upright pianos with additional keys
1799	(Eng. 2345)	Smith, Joseph	( 174 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : See Book p, 199.
1800	(Am. )	Hawkins, John J.	( 575 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : Piano Forte.
1800	(Am. )	Hawkins, Isaac	( 801 ). SOUND-BOARD -Arrangement of Various : Sound board exposed on both sides.
1800	(Eng. 2430)	Litherhead, Peter	( 921a ). STRINGING - Equal tension .
1800	(Eng. 2446	Hawkins, Isaac	( 643 ). PEDALS & STOPS Piano by shortened radius of the blow : See Book p. 70.
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, Isaac	( 17 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, Isaac	( 512 ). KEYBOARD Closing or drawn in or out .
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, John Isaac	( 700 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Grand : 'Portable Grand Pianoforte' upright Instrument. See Book p. 222 and p. 224 for action, Part II, Section III Plate III.
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, Isaac	( 800 ). SOUND-BOARD -Arrangement of Various .
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, Isaac	( 921 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : Spring or fusee fixed to the end of the string 'to equalize the pressure on the string whether expanding or contracting'.
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, Isaac	( 922 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : Any elastic substance bent, cast, cut, formed into springs, helical spiral or straight used for this purpose.
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, Isaac	( 940 ). STRINGING - Vertical or Perpendicular : [Upright]
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, Isaac	( 975 ). STRINGS - Metallic Elastic : Metallic elastic strings, spiral curved or crooked or curved or formed like a chain.
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, Isaac	( 976 ). STRINGS - Rendered Waterproof : Waterproofed by means of oils, and gums to resist the atmosphere.
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, John Isaac (of Philadelphia).	( 995 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - repeating hammers on strings or springs : 'Poiatorise Stop.' See Book pp. 98-99.
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, John Isaac (of Philadelphia).	( 1004 ). STRINGS - Thick Wavy, Serpentine : 'Turned up into a spiral curved serpentine or crooked form or made Like a chain to procure a bass sound, and occupy much less space than usual'.
1800	(Eng. 2446)	Hawkins, Isaac	( 1068 ). VOLTO SUBITO OR (MECHANISM FOR TURNING OVER LEAVES OF MUSIC) .
1800	(Eng.2446)	Hawkins, Isaac	( 1047 ). TUNING - Sourdine to facilitate : Primary frames and or carnages and secondary frames and carnages so that two, three, or more strings can be 'stretched at the same time. See Book p. 295.
1801	(Eng. 2502)	Erard, Sebastien	( 18 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square] Showing German influence,
1801	(Eng. 2502)	Erard, Sebastian	( 1019 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : The modification of the touch is effected by a screw which limits the space through which the hammer has to pass to the string.
1801	(Eng. 2512)	Smith, Egerton and Todd, Thomas	( 1054 ). RETAINING IN TUNE BY VARIOUS MEANS - Levers and or Springs : 'Screw passes through the small end of a lever, so as to carry up or down the wire secured to it' (Various other ways are shown).
1801	(Eng. 2551)	Becker, John Conrad	( 980 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - by bowing the strings : (See Book p. 96).
1801	(Eng. 2552)	Bemetzrieder, Antonius; Scott, Robert; Scott, John; Scott, Alexander	( 292 ). DESK FOR MUSIC .
1801	(Eng. 2552)	Bemetzrieder, Antonius; Scott, Robert; Scott, John; Scott, Alexander	( 358 ). DAMPERS .
1801	(Eng. 2552)	Bemetzrieder, Antonius; Scott, Robert; Scott, John; Scott, Alexander	( 384 ). FRAME Irregular Hexagonal .
1801	(Eng. 2552)	Bemetzrieder, Antonius; Scott, Robert; Scott, John; Scott, Alexander	( 513 ). KEYBOARD Closing or drawn in or out : See Book p. 222.
1801	(Eng. 2552)	Bemetzrieder, Antonius; Scott, Robert; Scott, John; Scott, Alexander	( 654 ). PEDALS & STOPS Swell : See Book p. 149.
1801	(Eng. 2552)	Bemetzrieder, Antonius; Scott, Robert; Scott, John; Scott, Alexander	( 707 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Horizontal Harp Pianoforte : 'Strings fixed upon an irregular hexagonal frame' imitating as nearly as possible the office of an horizontal harp.
1801	(Eng. 2552)	Bemetzrieder, Antonius; Scott, Robert; Scott, John; Scott, Alexander	( 775 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Various improvements in shape (misc) : Rectangular with the front circular 'Horizontal Harp' piano.
1801	(Eng. 2562)	Ryley, Edward	( 550 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : See Book p. 277
1802	(Eng. 2591)	Loud, Thomas	( 19 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1802	(Eng. 2591)	Loud, Thomas	( 802 ). SOUND-BOARD -Arrangement of Various : Soundboard and strings fixed in an angular position in an upright piano to give requisite length to the strings which are diagonally placed.
1802	(Eng. 2591)	Loud, Thomas	( 933 ). STRINGING - Oblique or Diagonal : [Upright] The Instrument is rendered more portable by fixing the first bass strings from the left-hand upper corner to near the right hand lower corner and the rest of the strings in a parallel direction.
1802	(Eng. 2594)	Litherhead, Peter	( 921b ). STRINGING - Equal tension .
1803	(Eng. 2718)	Woods, George	( 923 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : 'New methods of constructing harps, harpsichords, pianofortes, and guitars, and other stringed instruments. 'The invention consists in fixing to the strings at one or both ends pulleys, beams, levers, or other mechanical powers "in such a manner that one movement shall affect the whole or a considerable number of the strings, altering the tension of the same, and that these tensions, as far as the friction and imperfection of the mechanism will allow, shall be increased or decreased either equally or in geometrical proportions ; but it will generally happen that equal tension for the whole instrument will answer the purpose', etc. [From the Official Abridgements] (See scale of strings p.7 of Patent). Steel and brass strings.
1803	(Fr. 114)	Schmidt, Tobias	( 683 ). PIANO- Harmonica : See under sustaining the sound in various ways (A) by bowing them with a resined band or wheel. 'Piano-Harmonica.'
1803	(Fr. 144)	Schmidt, Tobias	( 981 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - by bowing the strings : Piano-harmonica
1805	(Eng. 2811)	Thunder, Edward	( 1077 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins .
1806	(Fr. 466)	Pfeiffer et Cie	( 705 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Harmomelo : See Book p. 249 and Fig. 17.
1807	(Am. )	Shaw, Ralph	( 576 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : Piano Forte.
1807	(Eng. 3029)	Southwell, William	( 20 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1807	(Eng. 3029)	Southwell, William	( 687 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED Cabinet : Tall upright pianoforte with sticker action and strings going down to the ground. See Book p. 226.
1808	(Eng. 3154)	Hawkes, William	( 773 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Scale Extended : See Book p. 219.
1808	(Eng. 3170)	Erard, Sebastien	( 94 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Square] The first repetition action had also a set of hammers & strings underneath the case, the latter acting as a sound board for them. These could be covered up if not required.
1808	(Eng. 3170)	Erard, Sebastien	( 151 ). AGRAFFE PIERCED STUD OR INVERTED BRIDGE .
1808	(Eng. 3170)	Erard, Sebastien	( 260 ). DAMPERS : See Book p. 170 (No. 4) and Fig. 11.
1808	(Eng. 3170)	Erard, Sebastien	( 471 ). HITCH PINS The pins to which the other ends of the strings are looped; Arrangement of .
1808	(Eng. 3170)	Erard, Sebastien	( 522 ). KEYBOARD - Covers and falls .
1808	(Eng. 3170)	Erard, Sebastien	( 534 ). KEYS Additional Keys, hammers or strings to the treble : SeeBookp.l71.
1808	(Eng. 3170)	Erard, Sebastien	( 622 ). PEDALS & STOPS Harmonic Sounds : Apparatus for stopping the string 'either to give the natural note of the series to which the string is tuned, or the next semitone on the sharp note designated by the same musical letter or character which shall or may have been appropriated on the said string.' [Official Abridgements]. Not in the Pat.
1808	(Eng. 3170)	Erard, Sebastien	( 630 ). PEDALS & STOPS Harp (and German flute) : 'Stop consisting of a number of inclined faces or wedges, which being connected in a line, may be slided all at once under the levers or wires B.C., belonging to the whole series of strings throughout the instrument and when so slided will raise all the pieces B, and give the strings the property of affording the harp tone ...' (See Book p. 171, No. 5 fig. 11).
1808	(Eng. 3170)	Erard, Sebastien	( 644 ). PEDALS & STOPS Piano by shortened radius of the blow : See Book p. 171 No. 6 and fig. 11 and p. 148.
1808	(Scottish Record Office Reference.-?)	Ryley, Edward.	( 551 ). MECHANISM For Transposing .
1809	(Eng. 8250)	Loeschman, David	( 774 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Scale Extended : See Book p. 219.
1809	(Fr. 975)	Erard, Sebastien	( 95 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand] Without the hammers and strings under the case.
1809	(Fr. 975)	Erard Freres	( 152 ). AGRAFFE PIERCED STUD OR INVERTED BRIDGE .
1809	(Fr. 975)	Erard, Sebastien	( 756 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - In shape like a Clavecin .
1810	(Eng. 3332)	Erard, Sebastian	( 1075 ). WREST PINS - Inserted in a collar and socket .
1810	(Fr. 1177)	Pleyel, Ignace	( 1056 ). TEMPERING STRINGS : See Book p. 386.
1811	(Eng. 3403)	Southwell, William	( 21 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1811	(Eng. 3403)	Southwell, William	( 259 ). DAMPERS .
1811	(Eng. 3403)	Southwell, William	( 776 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Various improvements in shape (misc) : With strings sloping backwards in an upright piano.
1811	(Eng. 3403)	Southwell, William	( 1069 ). VOLTO SUBITO OR (MECHANISM FOR TURNING OVER LEAVES OF MUSIC) .
1811	(Eng. 3404)	Trotter, John	( 506 ). KEYBOARD Arrangement of .
1811	(Eng. 3404)	Southwell, William	( 714 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Square : The 'Piano sloping backwards'. See Book p. 228 and fig. 4.
1811	(Eng. 3404)	Southwell, William	( 789 ). RULER .
1811	(Eng. 3419)	Wornum, Robert	( 22 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1811	(Eng. 3419)	Wornum, Robert (the younger)	( 412 ). HAMMERHEADS Arrangement of .
1811	(Eng. 3419)	Wornum, Robert (the younger)	( 604 ). PEDALS & STOPS BUFF See also UNA CORDA : See Book pp. 150, 229.
1811	(Eng. 3419)	Wornum, Robert (the younger)	( 763 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Upright (Small size) : The earliest small upright pianoforte in modem shape. See Book Part II` Section III P1. VI (a) and p. 229.
1811	(Eng. 3419)	Wornum, Robert (the younger)	( 934 ). STRINGING - Oblique or Diagonal : [Upright].The strings are placed diagonally from the left hand top to the bottom of the right.
1811	(Eng. 3436)	Bundy, William	( 963 ). STRINGS - Electroplated with Gold, Silver, Platina, Zinc or `wrapped in platina wire (See Book pp. 185, 192-3, 261) : Wraps his strings with platina wire.
1811	(Eng. 3481)	Collard, William Frederick	( 219 ). CHECK .
1811	(Eng. 3481)	Collard, William Frederick	( 472 ). HITCH PINS The pins to which the other ends of the strings are looped; Arrangement of .
1811	(Eng. 3481)	Collard, William Frederick	( 715 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Square : Square piano turned upwards on its side. See Bodk p. 229.
1812	(Fr. 1331)	Erard Freres	( 241 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1812	(Fr. 1332)	Erard Freres	( 464 ). HAMMERS Two hammers striking two sets of strings : See 'Polychorda', Book p. 148.
1812	(Fr. 1332)	Erard Freres	( 646 ). PEDALS & STOPS [Polychorda] more than three strings to a note : Six strings possible.See Book p. 148.
1812	(Fr. 1332)	Erard Freres	( 692 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Duoclave .
1812	(Fr. 1332)	Erard Freres	( 889 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two in Connection with Two sets of Strings .
1812	(Fr. 1333)	Erard Freres	( 552 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : Book p. 286 and fig. 30.
1812	(Fr. 1333)	Erard Freres	( 834 ). SOUND-BOARD - In the form of a cylindrical Column : (See Pig. 30 facing p. 286.)
1812	(Fr. 1334)	Erard Freres	( 924 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : Cylindrical spring receives the end of the string. The upper end of the spring is hooked to a pin (Hitch pin presumably). See Add. pat. of 1815.
1812	(Fr. 1334)	Erard Freres	( 996 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - repeating hammers on strings or springs : See Book p. 99.
1813	(Eng. 3658)	Hauck, Frederick	( 533 ). KEYS Additional Keys, hammers or strings to the treble : The hammer heads are made higher to reach the additional notes from under the soundboard. The old F of the usual compass is made more narrow to admit the F sharp.
1813	(Not patented)	Wornum, Robert (the younger)	( 764 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Upright (Small size) : Called'Harmonic' and afterwards 'Cottage'. See Book p. 229.
1814	(Eng. 4068)	Kirkman, J.	( 242 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) : 'Octave stop.' One of the strings forming a note tuned an octave higher and struck by the same hammer.
1815	(Fr. 219)	Thory	( 660 ). PEDALS & STOPS Tambour guerrier and five other pedals : With five pedals and Tambour guerrier, inot described).
1815	(Fr. 652)	Thory	( 716 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Square : With forked soundboard bridge and curved wrest pinblock bridge mainly to give additional length to the white 'strings' of iron etc.
1815	(Fr. 652)	Thory	( 810 ). SOUND-BOARD -Bridge on the : [Square]. Forked bridge on sound board. Curved Wrest pin bridge.
1816	(Am. )	Charters, George	( 577 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : Piano Forte.
1816	(Eng. 4040)	Simmons, William	( 726 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES With Barrel Mechanism : See Book pp. 280-281.
1816	(Eng. 4068)	Kirkman, Joseph	( 835 ). SOUND-BOARD - Octave bridge : Another bridge on the sound board carries the third string ordinarily used for one note one octave higher. All three can be used at the same time.
1816	(Eng. 4080)	Day, John	( 740 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Musical Glasses : See Book pp. 265-266.
1816	(Eng. 4080)	Day, John	( 777 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Various improvements in shape (misc) : Improved form for Cabinet pianoforte with projecting cornia and pediment supported by pillars, or if convenient by brackets.
1817	(Eng. 4098)	Mott, Isaac Henry Robert	( 982 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - by bowing the strings : 'Sostenante Piano Forte'.
1818	(Am. )	Gutwaldt, James Alois	( 578 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : Piano Forte.
1819	(Am. )	Bury, Richard	( 967 ). STRINGS - Glass strings or bars .
1819	(Am. )	Pommer, Charles	( 655 ). PEDALS & STOPS Swell : Producmg a swell in musical instruments. No description.
1819	(Am. )	Bury, Richard	( 969 ). STRINGS - Glass strings or bars .
1819	(Fr. 1602)	Mott, Julius-Cesar; and Mott, Isaac-Henri-Robert et Cie	( 983 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - by bowing the strings : See also 'Sustaining the Sound by Bowing', Book pp. 96-97.
1820	(Am. )	Pettinos, Peter	( 1030 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) : Chromamometro for tuning pianos.
1820	(Eng. 4431)	Thom, James and Allen, William	( 376 ). FRAME Compensation Frames, Tubes & Bars : [Square, upright] See Book pp.303, 206-9.
1820	(Eng. 4460)	Wornum, Robert	( 925 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : Equal tension stringing. One size of steel wire to be used throughout but with covering wire of the right length to bring its note to the required pitch.
1820	(Fr. 1107)	Roller	( 553 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : By movinga pointer the case of the keyboard moves in a groove so that the keys operate the hammers for the notes required up and down by semi-tones through an octave. This is effected by means of a shaft attached to a (cog) toothed wheel which engages a rack by which the movement is operated.
1820	(Fr. 1380)	Wagner, Jean-Baptiste	( 535 ). KEYS Additional Keys, hammers or strings to the treble : Little additional hammers for the treble striking down on the strings of additional keys.
1820	(Fr. 1380)	Wagner, Jean-Baptiste	( 554 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : beyboard moveslaterally through several semitones by means of a pedal and catch.
1821	(Eng. 4542)	Collard, Frederick William	( 628 ). PEDALS & STOPS Harmonic Swell : With 'Bridge of Reverberation: See Book pp. 29, 131.
1821	(Eng. 4542)	Collard, William Frederick	( 811 ). SOUND-BOARD -Bridge on the : Bridge of reverberation See Book Harmonic Swell pp. 129, 131.
1821	(Eng. 4542)	Collard, William Frederick	( 895 ). SOUND-BOARD - With Bridge of Reverberation : 'Bridge of Reverberation: See Book p. 129 The Harmomc Swell' and p. 131.
1821	(Eng. 4546)	Southwell, William	( 23 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1821	(Eng. 4546)	Southwell, William	( 220 ). CHECK .
1821	(Eng. 4546)	Southwell, William	( 441 ). HAMMERS Arrangement of .
1821	(Eng. 4546)	Southwell, William	( 688 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED Cabinet : Improvements including a check to prevent the hammers rebounding.
1821	(Eng. 4631)	Erard, Pierre	( 96 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand] Erard himself does not call this action 'double escapement'. This and others like it were often called 'double or continuous escapement' because the key on falling from the string was caught near the string while the sticker (or escapement) fell into place to repeat the blow with little motion on the key. (See excellent description in Sachs, Curt: 'The History of musical Instruments' New York 1940 pp/ 396). Extension of the term granted for this Patent, No. 4631 of 1821 was granted for a term of 'Seven years' new Pat. No. 6971 31st December 1835.
1821	(Eng. 4631)	Erard, Sebastien	( 636 ). PEDALS & STOPS Pedale de Melodie : 'An additional stop to be moved by a pedal to produce a new effect on the tone and vibrations of the instrument;... effected by a series of levers to be placed at convenient distances from each other upon the sounding board in the space between the [sound board bridge] on the case' These levers turn upon fixed centres while their opposite ends can press against the aforesaid bridge or may be turned away from their contact with it .. These levers are retained in their .. positions by springs or weights ... and are brought in contact with the bridge when the pedal is pressed upon by the performer ... their ends may be furnished with small wheels or rollers ...' (They press against the side of the bridge opposite to the hitchpin block) [abridged from the patent].
1821	(Fr. 3345)	Erard Freres et fils	( 692a ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Duoclave : See Book fig S opposite p. 111.
1821	(Fr. 3rd add. Pat. to No. 1380 (1820))	Wagner, Jean-Baptiste	( 623 ). PEDALS & STOPS Harmonic Sounds : See Book p. 147.
1822	(Aust. )	Gell, Johann Jakob	( 792 ). SOUND-BOARD - Above the strings .
1822	(Fr. 2170)	Erard Freres	( 377 ). FRAME Compensation Frames, Tubes & Bars : [Grand, square, upright] Book p. 205 and Fig. 23 facing p. 208.
1822	(Fr. 3512)	Erard Freres	( 97 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand] Alterations to the action mostly put back as in the original in his Brevet d'Addition of the same month and year.
1822	(Fr. 3512)	Erard Freres	( 295 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1822	(Fr. 3512)	Erard Freres	( 841 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : Brevet d'addition et de perfl:ctlonmoment 3 aout 1822.
1823	(Aust. )	Streicher, Johann	( 24 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking] The hammer strikes the string from above. The first patent for this after 1716 Maricus No. 173 (For others see list of Actions D).
1823	(Aust. )	Muller, Mathias	( 25 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1823	(Aust. )	Bohm, Joseph	( 555 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : Half a tone higher or lower by shifting the keyboard.
1823	(Eng. 4759)	Deakin, Francis	( 474 ). HITCH PINS Substitutes for : See under Strings, Clamped.
1823	(Eng. 4759)	Deakin, Francis	( 959 ). STRINGS - Clamped : Wires held by clamps and screws relaxed and tightened by means of a key so that stiff wire hardened and tempered or cast wire hardened or tempered can be secured.
1823	(Eng. 4759)	Deakin, Francis	( 1057 ). TEMPERING STRINGS : Cast steel wire hardened and tempered, also steel wire hardened And tempered. Use of only.
1823	(Eng. 4821)	Smart, Henry	( 98 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright] An improved 'Grasshopper action . See Book fig. 18, pp. 251-252
1823	(Eng. 4821)	Smart, Henry	( 221 ). CHECK .
1823	(Eng. 4873)	Todd, Thomas.	( 984 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - by bowing the strings : See Book p. 96-97.
1823	(Fr. 1415)	Roller	( 1132 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Solid Metal : S-shaped in solid metal and raised above the soundboard which passes under it. This metal wrest pin block 'sommier des chevilles' is bolted at each end through to the support to which the soundboard is glued.
1824	(Am. )	Dwight, John	( 175 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes .
1824	(Aust. )	Streicher, Johann	( 26 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square]?
1824	(Aust. )	Streicher, Johann	( 243 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1824	(Aust. )	Staufer, Georg und Haidinger, Maximilian	( 519 ). KEYBOARD - Concave .
1824	(Aust. )	Anders, Johann	( 401 ). HAMMER Kapseln .
1824	(Aust. )	Streicher, Johann	( 440 ). HAMMERS Arrangement of .
1824	(Aust. )	Streicher, Johann	( 633 ). PEDALS & STOPS Octave Stop (See COUPLERS) : Hammers so arranged as to allow the octave of the note touched to reverberate. This intensification can be used at will.
1824	(Aust. )	Staufer Georg und Haidinger, Maximilian	( 706 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED -- 'Hohlflugel' : See Book p. 284.
1824	(Aust. )	Abbe Gregoire Trentin	( 709 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Metagofano : See Book p. 97. The mechanism consists of an internal action placed horizontally under the keyboard which is moved step by step above smooth wheels by a key inserted in a projecting bar, which causes the keyboard to move step by step in either direction, thus effecting a change of pitch, raising or lowering the sounds by a semitone at a time without the least affecting the tuning, to the extent of four semitones. (See description of this in: 'Estrallo dagli atti della distribuzione de' premi d'industria' IV. Ottobre MDCCCXIX In Venezia', entitled : 'Premio di Medaglia d'oro Al Signor Abate Gregorio Trentin di Venezia per invenzione di Piano-Forte Metagofono' Also his own description dated 1823 among the original Austrian Patents).
1824	(Aust. )	Anders, Johann	( 874 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : Two sound boards, an ordinary straight one; the other curved or arched [gewolbter] .
1824	Ehlers, Joachim	( 1045 ). TUNING - Movable bridge to facilitate : See Book p. 296.
1824	(Bav.)	Anders, J	( 27 ). ACTIONS : (-)
1824	(Eng. 4994)	Wheatstone, William	( 799 ). SOUND-BOARD - Amplifying the Tone by covering the strings with Vibrating Substances : Covering their external surfaces with frames having bars accross to strengthen and connect them. The frames are covered on both sides with thin elastic, and vibrating substances such as vellum, parchment, canvas, paper woven silk, linen etc, tightly stretched over them placed as near as possible to the strings.
1824	(Fr. 1665)	Klepfer-Dufaut, Henri	( 99 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, square]. Adapted Viennese action with rapid hammer action so that the cadenzas can be executed very easily.
1824	(Fr. 1665)	Klepfer-Dufaut, Henri	( 100 ). ACTIONS Repetition : ([Grand or square]?). The hammers work very quickly and as the key has not to descend very far, the cadences can be executed very easily, (Based on the Viennese action.)
1824	(Fr. 1665)	Klepfer-Dufaut, Henri	( 393 ). HAMMER Fourches .
1825	(Am. )	Babcock, Alpheus	( 336 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Square] The first cast metal frame. Cast metal frame according to Hipkins, A. J. 'The Story of the Pianoforte' Novello Primers No. 52. London, [1923]. See article by Keith G. Grafing, 'Alphaeus Babcock's Cast-Iron Piano Frames', The Journal of the Galpin Society, no. xxvii, April 1974.
1825	(Aust. )	Brodmann, Joseph	( 865 ). SOUND-BOARD - Supported or Braced : Three thin soundboards glued together with the fibres of the middle one running in the transverse direction of the others.
1825	(Bav. )	Rutscher G. Frederick and Rueff, Johann	( 596 ). PEDALLIER : For Grand and 'Querfortepianos' See Book p. 276.
1825	(Eng. 5065)	Erard, Pierre	( 101 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, square, upright, downstriking] New action based on the principles of the action of 1821 but with the hammer pointing towards the performer. Apparently for [grand or squares]. Down- striking action for [grands, squares]. New action for upright with bent key and action below the level of the keyboard.
1825	(Eng. 5065)	Erard, Pierre	( 176 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand]
1825	(Eng. 5065)	Erard, Pierre	( 222 ). CHECK .
1825	(Eng. 5085)	Melville, Francis	( 177 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Square] Two tubular bars used as stronger and lighter.
1825	(Eng. 5107)	Kollmann, George Augustus	( 28 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square, upright, downstriking]
1825	(Eng. 5107)	Kollmann, George Augustus	( 223 ). CHECK .
1825	(Eng. 5107)	Kollmann, George Augustus	( 262 ). DAMPERS .
1825	(Eng. 5107)	Kollmann, George Augustus	( 449 ). HAMMERS Striking the strings against their bearings : Causing the hammers in all kinds of planofortes to strike the strings towards the soundboard bridge.
1825	(Eng. 5107)	Kollmann, George Augustus	( 448 ). HAMMERS 'Counterbalancing' Hammers : With projection at the end of the Butt carrying weight which falls into V-shaped wooden pieces.
1825	(Eng. 5107)	Kollmann, George Augustus	( 819 ). SOUND-BOARD -Enlarged : [Downstriking]
1825	(Eng. 5107)	Kollmann, George Augustus	( 1090 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning .
1825	(Eng. 5261)	Broadwood, James Shudi	( 29 ). ACTIONS : [Square]
1825	(Eng. 5261)	Broadwood, James Shudi	( 224 ). CHECK .
1825	(Eng. 5261)	Kollmann, George Augustus	( 702 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Grand : Lower part of the front cut away to allow for knees of the player. See Book p. 168 for fig. 10a action and p. 169. (Horizontal Grand or square).
1825	(Fr. 1808)	Pleyel pere et fils aine	( 30 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square, upright]
1825	(Fr. 1808)	Pleyel pere et fils aine	( 261 ). DAMPERS .
1825	(Fr. 1808)	Pleyel pere et fils aine	( 337 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Grand, square]
1825	(Fr. 1808)	Pleyel pere et fils aine	( 493 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Copper]
1825	(Fr. 1808)	Pleyel pere et fils aine (Ignace et Camille)	( 719 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Unicorde : 'An improvement on the 'Piano Unicorde' invented by an Englishman. Had single action, weighted dampers and no bottom to the case. See Book p. 200.
1825	(Fr. 2866)	Eulriot, Etienne	( 748 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Elliptic : See Book p. 268 and p. 138 for the pedals.
1825	(Fr. 2866)	Eulriot, Etienne	( 875 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : Horizontal elliptic shaped pianofortes with a soundboard at both ends.
1825	(Fr. 2981)	Pape, Henri	( 781 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Springs instead of strings : See under SUSTAINING THE SOUNDS [repeating hammers].
1825	(Fr. 2981)	Pape, Henri	( 997 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - repeating hammers on strings or springs : See Book pp. 99 and Fig. 3.
1825	(Fr. 4438)	Charreyre, Jean-Baptiste	( 602 ). PEDALS & STOPS Bassoon : Edged with buff leather instead of parchment.
1825	(Fr. 4438)	Charreyre, Jean-Baptiste	( 664 ). PEDALS & STOPS 'Una Corda' or more strings by means of a pedal or stop : 'Celestine:To strike two strings instead ofthree. See Book, p. 109.
1825	(Fr. 4438)	Charreyre, Jean-Baptiste	( 693 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Duoclave : See Book p. 109.
1825	(Pr. 2981)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 1007 ). STRINGS - Other Substitutes for Strings : Also Sostenante (See Book p. 299) some of'the springs are formed of a single limb, and some. of two.
1826	(Aust. )	Weisz, Franz	( 103 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright]
1826	(Aust. )	Weisz, Franz	( 264 ). DAMPERS .
1826	(Aust. )	Weisz, Franz	( 296 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1826	(Aust. )	Weisz, Franz	( 686 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED Apolliricon : See under 'Lyre-shaped'.
1826	(Aust. )	Hora, Friedrich and Kinderfreund, Joseph	( 402 ). HAMMER Kapseln .
1826	(Aust. )	Weisz, Franz	( 757 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Lyre-shaped : Upright pianoforte shaped like an Apollo-Lyre and standing on one foot. Escapement, hammers and dampers without springs. Called APOLLIRICON.
1826	(Aust. )	Hora, Friedrich und Kinderfreund, Joseph	( 876 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : Three soundboards. The one below the strings has 2 inch wide ribs glued on at distances of one inch [Zoll]. Both sides are coated with copal varnish. At a height of one inch above the strings there is a tone board consisting of two soundboards each of which fitted with ribs. THe two are glued into each other with four laths so that both can be taken off together.
1826	(Aust. )	Gell, Johann Jacob	( 972 ). STRINGS - Fixed as in Violins and Harps .
1826	(Aust. )	Leschen, Wilhelm	( 1045a ). TUNING - Movable bridge to facilitate : 7 Nov.
1826	(Eng. 5381)	Wornum, Robert	( 265 ). DAMPERS .
1826	(Eng. 5384)	Wornum, Robert	( 31 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1826	(Eng. 5384)	Wornum, Robert	( 297 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1826	(Eng. 5384)	Wornum, Robert	( 645 ). PEDALS & STOPS Pizzacato : '.. a third pedal introduced between the two common pedals ...moves a block or artificial slide at the bass end of the damper rail, by which the dampers are cleared from the wires, and in play a most pleasing effect of pizzicato results.' (for his Professional Pianoforte) Official Abridgement.
1826	(Eng. 5384)	Wornum, Robert	( 712 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Professional : See Book p. 231-2.
1826	(Eng. 5404)	Schwieso, John James	( 1091 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning .
1826	(Fr. 1665)	Klepfer-Dufaut, Henri	( 102 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand]
1826	(Fr. 3138)	Klepfer-Dufaut, Henri	( 948 ). STRINGS - arrangement of : Strings entirely enclosed within the piano.
1826	(Fr. 3181)	Klepfer-Dufaut	( 263 ). DAMPERS .
1826	(Fr. 3181)	Klepfer-Dufaut	( 793 ). SOUND-BOARD - Above the strings .
1826	(Fr. 4918)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 338 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : See Book p. 204
1826	(Fr. 4918)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 605 ). PEDALS & STOPS BUFF See also UNA CORDA : See p. 447 (date 1830)
1826	(Fr. 4918)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 418 ). HAMMERHEADS Felt Covered : See Book p. 179.
1826	(Fr. 4918)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 631 ). PEDALS & STOPS Jeu Celeste or Celeste : fourth pedal 'jeu celeste' instead of producing the sound as usually with the leathers is also in felt like the hammers. For description of this stop in principle see Book p. 44.
1826	(Fr. Ist. add. Pat. to No. 4918 (1826))	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 333 ). FELT Preparation of : See Book pp. 179 - 80.
1826	(Fr. Ist. Add. Pat. to No. 4918 (1826))	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 465 ). HAMMERS Two hammers striking two sets of strings : See 'Polychorda' Book p. 148.
1826	(Fr. Ist. Add. Pat. to No. 4918) (1826))	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 647 ). PEDALS & STOPS [Polychorda] more than three strings to a note .
1826-30	(Fr. 4918)	Pape, Henri	( 32 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square, upright, downstriking]
1827	(Am. )	Loud, Thomas	( 24 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, downstriking]
1827	(Am. )	Loud, Thomas	( 450 ). HAMMERS Striking the strings against their bearings .
1827	(Aust. )	Muller, Mathias und dessen Sohnes	( 697 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Gabel - Harmon - Pianoforte : 'Gabel Harmon Piano Forte'. The strings have a tuning fork or hoop of iron, steel or brass over them, tuned to and resonating with each individual string so that a third string is rendered superfluous. (The original patent has an illustration of these hoop-like objects).
1827	(Eng. 5468)	Erard, Pierre	( 104 ). ACTIONS Repetition .
1827	(Eng. 5468)	Erard, Pierre	( 225 ). CHECK .
1827	(Eng. 5475)	Stewart, James	( 267 ). DAMPERS .
1827	(Eng. 5475)	Stewart, James	( 952 ). STRINGS - Attaching to the Hitch Pins : See Book p. 186-7 and plate II (b) facing p. 182.
1827	(Eng. 5485)	Broadwood, James Shudi	( 179 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand] See Book pp.200-1 fig. 21.
1827	(Eng. 5485)	Broadwood, James Shudi	( 473 ). HITCH PINS The pins to which the other ends of the strings are looped; Arrangement of .
1827	(Eng. 5485)	Broadwood, James Shudi	( 480 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Brass, metal, copper or tin]
1827	(Eng. 5528)	Dodd, Edward	( 413 ). HAMMERHEADS Arrangement of .
1827	(Eng. 5528)	Dodd, Edward	( 821 ). SOUND-BOARD -Enlarged : [Upright]
1827	(Eng. 5533)	du Mesnil, Eugene	( 1079 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins .
1827	(Eng. 5548)	Deltmer, William	( 178 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes .
1827	(Eng. 5548)	Dettmer, William	( 1048 ). TUNING - Sourdine to facilitate : See Book p. 215.
1827	(Fr. 2088)	Cote, Charles	( 33 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1827	(Fr. 2088)	Cote, Charles	( 419 ). HAMMERHEADS Felt Covered : See Book p. 180.
1827	(Fr. 2088)	Gate, Charles	( 820 ). SOUND-BOARD -Enlarged : Action D.
1827	(Fr. 2238)	Cluesman, J. B.	( 25 ). ACTIONS : [Square]
1827	(Fr. 2238)	Cluesman, Jean-Baptiste	( 266 ). DAMPERS .
1827	(Fr. 2238)	Cluesman, Jean-Baptiste	( 1072 ). WREST PINS - Arrangement of : Wrest pins apparently according to the drawing to the left back of case.
1827	(Fr. 2780)	Dietz fils	( 778 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Various improvements in shape (misc) : Horizontal piano with straight back and curved sides and keyboard in the centre.
1827	(Fr. 2780)	Dietz fils	( 1119 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : Wrest pin block in wood covered with Iron.
1827	(Fr. 2884)	Triquet, Vincent-Pluvoise	( 872 ). SOUND-BOARD - Supported or Braced .
1827	(Fr. 2884)	Triquet, Vincent-Pluviose	( 942 ). STRINGS - After lengths shortened : Soundboard passes under the suspended Hitch pin block [Square] and after lengths of the strings curtailed applicable to all kinds of pianofortes but shown applied to a square.'Sommier isole'.
1827	(Fr. 2nd. Add. Pat. to No. 4918(1926))		( 298 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1827	(Fr. 5086)	Erard, Sebastien	( 394 ). HAMMER Fourches .
1827	(Fr. 5086)	Erard, Sebastien	( 180 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand, square, upright]
1827	(Fr. 5086)	Erard, Sebastien	( 653 ). PEDALS & STOPS Sordino or Sourdine : See Book p. 149 and P1. 4 of Patent fig. 16.
1828	(Am. )	Albrecht, C. F.	( 579 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : Piano Forte.
1828	(Am. )	Mackay, John	( 427 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for .
1828	(Aust. )	Stein, Karl	( 403 ). HAMMER Kapseln .
1828	(Eng. 5673)	Gunther, John Henry Anthony	( 877 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : Two soundboards; the lower one of wood with no bridges. The upper one of thick wood or metal stopping short at the place where the bridge usually is placed and carrying this bridge and the hitch pins. A pillar or prop from the bottom of the instrument passes up through the lower sound board to act as a prop to the upper sound board. The two sound boards must be joined round their edges a quarter of an inch apart. The lower sound board must not have any strips of wood gluied to it in orger to vibrate freely.
1828	(Eng. 5678)	Wornum, Robert	( 26 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1828	(Eng. 5678)	Wornum, Robert	( 226 ). CHECK : See Book p. 32 Fig. 7.
1828	(Fr. 2272)		( 414 ). HAMMERHEADS Arrangement of : See Book p. 181.
1828	(Fr. 2272)	Dodd, Edward	( 822 ). SOUND-BOARD -Enlarged : [Upright].Cottage or Cabinet size.
1828	(Fr. 2434)	Pleyel, Ignace et Cie	( 181 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand, square]
1828	(Fr. 2434)	Pleyel, Ignace	( 481 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Copper]
1828	(Fr. 2434)	Pleyel, Ignace	( 943 ). STRINGS - After lengths shortened : 'Pour en sommier prolonge' adapted for square or grand pianofortes. This Hitch pin block has a copper plate over layers of wood and is lengthened to shorten the after-lengths of the strings beyond the bridge. [...]
1828	(Fr. 3699)	Frost pere et fils	( 27 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1828	(Fr. 5833)	Pape, Henri	( 28 ). ACTIONS : Square, upright]
1828	(Fr. 5833)	Pape, Henri	( 268 ). DAMPERS .
1828	(Fr. 5833)	Pape, Henri	( 482 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Copper]
1828	(Fr. 5833)	Pape, Henri	( 525 ). KEYBOARD - Position of : In the middle of a square pranotorre.
1828	(Fr. 5833)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 673 ). PIANO - Console : Not named here as a console.
1828	(Fr. 5833)	Pape, Henri	( 749 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Elliptic : Circular
1828	(Fr. 5833)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 909 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle : [Upright] The earliest patent for cross stringing the pianoforte. See Book p. 237.
1829	(Aust. )	Muller, Mathias	( 339 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : (-)
1829	(Aust. )	Muller, Mathias	( 698 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Gabel - Harmon - Pianoforte : Improvements to the formentioned. The soundboard rests on an iron frame which is connected with the wrest pin block ... The Hitch pin block which protrudes beyond the sound board is made of iron too so that the strings can be shorter.
1829	(Aust. )	Gartner, Joseph	( 1109 ). WREST PIN BLOCK With Bridge of Iron, Glass or Copper : Iron bar inserted to the front edge of the Wrest pin block. (No drawing and meaning obscure).
1829	(Belg. No. 1456. Order No. 157)	Sax, Adolphe.	( 1031 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) : Altering the pitch up or down by an Indicator.
1829	(Eng. 5831)	Rolfe, T. H.	( 269 ). DAMPERS : I:orseif-acting pianofortes.
1829	(Eng. 5831)	Rolfe, Thomas Hall	( 727 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES With Barrel Mechanism : See Book pp. 280-281.
1829	(Eng. 5865)	Stewart, James	( 29 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1829	(Eng. 5865)	Stewart, James	( 214 ). BRASS RAIL : part of the action frame'.
1829	(Eng. 5865)	Stewart, James	( 227 ). CHECK .
1829	(Fr. 2478)	Blanchet et Roller	( 30 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square, upright]
1829	(Fr. 2478)	Blanchet et Roller	( 299 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1829	(Fr. 2484)	Pleyel, Ignace et Cie	( 842 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : Add. Pat. 1829 to his Patent of 1828 With hitch pin block 'sommier prolonge' in cast iron; with arch in cast iron to withstand the strain of the strings with bolts to regulate the pressure on the bridge.
1829	(Fr. Add. Pat. to 2434)	Pleyel, Ignace	( 944 ). STRINGS - After lengths shortened : has plate of cast iron or cast copper for grand and square pianotortes of 61h octaves.
1829	(Fr. 2601)	Pleyel et Cie	( 790 ). STAND FOR A SQUARE .
1829	(Fr. 2649)	Kayser, Philippe-Auguste	( 164 ). ATTACHMENT Aeolian Attachment : 'Piano eolian . No strings.
1829	(Fr. 4089)	Petzold, Guillaume	( 340 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Square] See Book p. 210 Fig. 25.
1830	(Am. )	Seabury, Charles Saltonstall	( 41 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1830	(Am. )	Thompson, Jessie	( 300 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1830	(Am. )	Babcock, Alpheus	( 341 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Square] Cast metal frame from the patent for cross stringing pianofortes. See Book p. 210, Fig. 2 4; also article by Keith G. Grafing, 'Alphaeus Babcock's Cast-Iron Piano Frames', The Journal of the Galpin Society, no. xxvii, April 1974.
1830	(Am. )	Sachmeister, Charles B.	( 580 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : Piano Forte.
1830	(Am. )	Seabury, Charles Saltonstall	( 451 ). HAMMERS Striking the strings against their bearings .
1830	(Aust. )	Leschen, Wilhelm	( 404 ). HAMMER Kapseln .
1830	(Aust. )	Bosch, Joseph	( 405 ). HAMMER Kapseln .
1830	(Belg. No. 502. Order No. 109)	Lichtenthal, Herman	( 936 ). STRINGING - Oblique or Diagonal : [Upright]. Small upright pianoforte; 6 1/2 octaves, divided in two halves; the back part containing the oblique strings and the front portion the keys and action. Provided with forte and piano pedals one on each side of the opening in the centre for the performer's feet. Two handles to carry the instrument. See photograph of similar one opposite p. 46 in 'La Fastuve des Instruments de Musique en Belgique by Ernest Closson, 1935.
1830	(Belg. No. 502. Order No. 110)	Lichtenthal, Herman	( 986 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - by bowing the strings : Piano Viole.See Book p. 98.
1830	(Belg. No. Order No. 110)	Lichtenthal	( 685 ). Piano-Viole : See under SUSTAINING THE SOUND IN VARIOUS WAYS (a).
1830	(Belg. No. 904. Order No. 133)	Lacroix, Mathieu	( 556 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : Steel blades for notes moved by a rack mechanism which shifts a semitone at a time in the appropriate direction.
1830	(Eng. 5912)	Thompson, Simon	( 31 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1830	(Eng. 5912)	Thompson, Simon	( 536 ). KEYS Bent Keys : Keys bent down to lower the position of the action (See also in list Erard 1825 (Eng. No. 5065).).
1830	(Eng. 5912)	Thompson, Simon	( 765 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Upright (Small size) : With top on a level with the lock board. See Book p. 240
1830	(Fr. 2681)	Langrenez, Auguste-Louis	( 182 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Square]
1830	(Fr. 4292)	Erard, Pierre	( 483 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Copper]
1830	(Fr. 7414)	Pleyel et Cie	( 837 ). SOUND-BOARD - Preparation of wood for - : Process to stop the splitting and cracking of sound boards. Constructed from Swiss pine with the grain set obliquely; then covered with a veneer of about 1/3 thickness of Mahogany, maple or other suitable wood whose grain should cut across the pine above taking care that the joints do not coincide ;then one adds and glues on to the veneer the bridge.
1831	(Am. )	Thompson, Jessie	( 42 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1831	(Am. )	Nunns, John F.	( 43 ). ACTIONS .
1831	(Am. )	Kearsing, Thomas; Kearsing,Henry O;Kearsing, George T. Kearsing, William; Kearsing, F.	( 44 ). ACTIONS .
1831	(Am. )	Thompson, Jessie	( 45 ). ACTIONS : ([Grand, square]?)
1831	(Am. )	Currier, Ebenezer R.	( 526 ). KEYBOARD - Position of : In the middle of a square pianoforte.
1831	(Am. )	Kearsing, Thomas; Kearsing Henry O.; Kearsing, George T.; Kearsing,William F.	( 953 ). STRINGS - Attaching to the Hitch Pins : String not looped to hitch pin but wound round it with the loose end twisted round the wire.
1831	(Am. )	Thompson, Jessie	( 442 ). HAMMERS Arrangement of .
1831	(Am. )	Currier or Curcier, Ebenezer R.	( 665 ). PEDALS & STOPS 'Una Corda' or more strings by means of a pedal or stop : Swell or horizontal piano forte. See Book p. 149.
1831	(Am.)	E. R. Currier	( 41A ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1831	(Aust. )	Anna Streicher und Sohn	( 46 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square] Anglo-German Action.
1831	(Aust. )	Streicher, Anna und Sohn	( 228 ). CHECK .
1831	(Bav. )	Greiner, Friedrich und Schmidt, Joseph	( 48 ). ACTIONS : [Downstriking]
1831	(Bav. )	Kisselstein, Julius	( 244 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1831	(Bav. )	Greiner, F.	( 527 ). KEYBOARD - Position of : At the side of a 'Quer-Flugel'.
1831	(Bav. )	Schmidt, J. und Greiner, Friedrich	( 557 ). MECHANISM For Transposing .
1831	(Bav. )	Greiner, Friedrich und Schmidt, Joseph.	( 648 ). PEDALS & STOPS [Polychorda] more than three strings to a note : Four strings to a note.
1831	(Bav. )	Greiner, Friedrich und Schmidt, Joseph	( 666 ). PEDALS & STOPS 'Una Corda' or more strings by means of a pedal or stop : See Book p, 149.
1831	(Bav. )	Kisselstein, Julius	( 699 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Giraffe : The front of the Keys are coated with white cuttle bone. See Book pp. 106, 139.
1831	(Bav. )	Baumgartner, Joseph	( 703 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Grand : See Book p. 184 (Horizontal Grand).
1831	(Bav. )	Greiner, Friedrick und Schmidt, Joseph.	( 779 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Various improvements in shape (misc) : Grand piano with curved end, and sides leading to rectangular front portion.
1831	(Bav. )	Greiner, Friedrick	( 935 ). STRINGING - Oblique or Diagonal : [Grand] 'Quer-Flugal' Transposing pianoforte.
1831	(Bav. )	Kisselstein, Julius	( 939 ). STRINGING - Striking point fixed mathematically .
1831	(Bav. )	Greiner, Friedrich und Schmidt, Joseph	( 1078 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins .
1831	(Bav. 17,697)	Kisselstein, Julius	( 47 ). ACTIONS : [Upright] (The date on the printed copy referred to above is 18th September but the hand written Patent has 22nd October). 'Hanging german action:
1831	(Bav. 19,510)	Baumgartner, Joseph.	( 973 ). STRINGS - Four, Five, and Six Strings Forming a Note (See also under UNA CORDA and POLYCHORDA) : Four and five strings (see p. 189) (8th Dec. 1831 and another date 20 Dec. on Pat. On printed copy 21st Sept. 1831).
1831	(Eng. 6069)	Schwieso, John Charles	( 1076 ). WREST PINS - Inserted in a collar and socket : with two friction collars.
1831	(Eng. 6069)	Schwieso, John Charles	( 1120 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : With cast iron metal plate with holes for the pms countersunk to receive friction collars.
1831	(Eng. 6140)	Allen, William	( 342 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Grand, square, upright]. See Book p. 212 and Figs. 1 & 2 (Fig. 26) on previous page.
1832	(Aust. )	Melter, Franz	( 183 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : (-)
1832	(Aust. )	Bersaur, Anton und Sohn.	( 601 ). PEDALS & STOPS Arrangement of : Foot pedals are painted over with black or any other lacquer. At the front where they are touched by the feet there is a brass Kapsel which makes treading on them by the feet easier and makes breaking them impossible. Called 'Kapselfusztritte' by the inventor.
1832	(Aust. )	Bienert, Franz	( 838 ). SOUND-BOARD - Preparation of wood for - : (See for these pp. 192-195).
1832	(Belg. No. 535, Order No. 112)	Groetaers, Louis Napoleon et Jean Philippe [Groetaers]	( 51 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1832	(Belg. No. 538, Order No. 113)	Lichtenthal, H.	( 49 ). ACTIONS : [Upright] The earliest example of the so-called developed 'Tape check Action' with thong of leather in place of tape. For 'Piano Wccoio
1832	(Eng. 6280)	Isaac, Frederick William	( 538 ). KEYS Coverings for: Various : Tortoise-shell or turtle-shell.
1832	(Eng. 6304)	Fischer, Pierre Frederic	( 50 ). ACTIONS : [Upright, downstriking]
1832	(Eng. 6304)	Fischer, Pierre Frederic	( 452 ). HAMMERS Striking the strings against their bearings .
1832	(Eng. 6304)	Fischer, Pierre Frederic	( 606 ). PEDALS & STOPS BUFF See also UNA CORDA : See Patent sheet 1, Fig. 1. Two pieces, dented and covered with leather [not specified] damp one or two strings at will, for tuning purposes. Put in action by a pedal.
1832	(Eng. 6304)	Fischer, Pierre Frederic	( 893 ). SOUND-BOARD - With braces above not as usual below the sound board .
1832	(Eng. 6304)	Fischer, Pierre Frederic	( 1121 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : Rasping block [Wrest pin block] in cast iron covered with brass and filled with wood.
1832	(Fr. 3462)	Gras, Alphonse-Jean	( 818 ). SOUND-BOARD -Enlarged : [Square]. The whole width of the instrument and not glued to its supports.
1832	(Fr. 3464)	Grus, Alphonse-Jean	( 987 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - directing currents of air on to the strings or springs (See Book pp. 100-101) : Book p. 101.
1833	(Am. )	Thompson, Jessie	( 270 ). DAMPERS .
1833	(Am. )	Babcock, Alpheus	( 271 ). DAMPERS .
1833	(Am. )	Fissore, Louis	( 343 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : (-) See Book p. 205.
1833	(Am. )	Riley, Edward C.	( 581 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : Keys for musical instruments.
1833	(Am. )	Fissore, Louis	( 1092 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning : Tuning pins are passed through a cast iron plate; and are fixed so as not to depend on their tighness upon being driven in, but upon a nwasher passing over a square shank at the back of the plate, the pin being drawn up to a shoulder by means of a screw nut. A particular kind of tuning hammer is provided.
1833	(Am. )	Babcock, Alpheus	( 428 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for : The wood of the hammer is made concave to receive a small roll or pad of woollen cloth over which the leather covering is as usual ... for elasticity and to prevent indentation.
1833	(Am. )	Wise, John J.	( 1032 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) : By means of a tuning hammer provided with an index of the string.
1833	(Am. )	Fissore, Louis	( 1042 ). TUNING Hammers : Tuning hammer acted upon by pinions which gives it a very slow and
1833	(Aust. )	Muller, Mathias	( 867 ). SOUND-BOARD - Supported or Braced .
1833	(Eng. 6483)	Gurney, Goldsworthy	( 968 ). STRINGS - Glass strings or bars : Curved bars of glass or metal bars of steel, copper brass or any composition of metal suitable for the purpose
1833	(Eng. 6483)	Gurney, Goldsworthy	( 970 ). STRINGS - Glass strings or bars : Curved bars of glass or metal bars of steel, copper brass or any composition of metal suitable for the purpose
1833	(Eng. 6483)	Gurney, Goldsworthy	( 1006 ). STRINGS - Other Substitutes for Strings : Brass or metal bars of steel, iron, copper, brass or any other metal in place of stnngs.
1833	(Eng. 6498)	Zeitter, Jacob Frederick	( 866 ). SOUND-BOARD - Supported or Braced .
1833	(Fr. 3308)	Wetzels, Jean-Guillaume-Joseph	( 52 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square, upright, downstriking]
1833	(Fr. 3308)	Wetzels, Jean-Guillaume-Joseph	( 443 ). HAMMERS Arrangement of .
1833	(Fr. 3701)	Meideck, Paulinus	( 53 ). ACTIONS : [Grand]
1833	(Fr. 3701)	Meideck, Paulinus	( 301 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1833	(Fr. 9331)	Taurin, Jean-Joseph-Pascal	( 1020 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : By means of springs acting on every key the pressure of which can be regulated by the bar to which they are attached and which is fixed to thb cheeks of the piano. Two shanks on the sides of the piano regulate the pressure of the springs.
1833	(Fr. 9331)	Taurin, Jean-Joseph-Pascal	( 1110 ). WREST PIN BLOCK With Bridge of Iron, Glass or Copper : Must be of Iron, copper or glass. Wrest pin and Hitch pin bridges.
1833	(Fr. 9331)	Taurin, Jean-Joseph-Pascal	( 843 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : A wooden bar is provided which supports a comb consisting of blades of copper or iron or of copper and iron. These, one to each note, support two to three strings. The blades are attached to the soundboard at one point only by a block of wood secured to to the blade and soundboard by a screw. These blades are of different thicknesses and length according to the thickness and length of the strings they support. Object is to relieve the soundboard from strain. Other ways are described.
1833	(Fr. 9331)	Tauren, Jean-Joseph-Pascal	( 926 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : The metal strips to which the strings are attached must be brass or iron according to the strings they carry to preserve equal tension. See SOUNDBOARD, Relieving from strain.
1834	(Aust. )	Lorenz, Kaspar	( 184 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Square]
1834	(Aust. )	Ries, Joseph F.	( 272 ). DAMPERS .
1834	(Aust. )	Lorenz, Kaspar	( 273 ). DAMPERS : 'Stiefeldampfung' for Vuer-I::ortepianos.
1834	(Aust. )	Greiner, Friedrich; Danchell Friedrich und Gabruder Ruedorffer	( 904 ). SOUND-BOARD - In the Form of a Hemisphere (Influence of the Kettle drum on the pianoforte) : (See Book pp. 268-9). In the original patent there are diagrams of this Resonator. It is in the form of a hemisphere made of maple or some other hard wood or of metal, thickness 1-180 of its diameter. (Note that Ruedorffer's name is not given in the original description.)
1834	(Aust. )	Meizner, Samuel	( 910 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle : (for Quer Fortepianos)
1834	(Eng. 6779)	Danchell, Frederick Ludwig Hahn	( 812 ). SOUND-BOARD -Bridge on the : The bridge is hollow and boxlike resting on the sound board.
1834	(Eng. 6780)	Wolf, Robert	( 907 ). SOUND-BOARD - In the Form of a Hemisphere (Influence of the Kettle drum on the pianoforte) : (See Book p. 274 fig. 29. iv).
1834	(Fr. 10,139)	Pape, Henri	( 782 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Springs instead of strings : Steel, brass and copper springs.
1834	(Fr. 10,139)	Pape, Henri	( 998 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - repeating hammers on strings or springs : See p. 103 Flg. 3 opposite.
1834	(Fr. 10,139)	Pape, Henri	( 1008 ). STRINGS - Other Substitutes for Strings : Various springs and thin metal plates also sostenente apparatus Invention communicated to Pierre Fischer.
1834	(Fr. 3486)	Debain, Alexandre-Francois	( 56 ). ACTIONS : [Square]
1834	(Fr. 3990)	Cluesman	( 1105 ). WREST PINS - Pressure Screw for Tuning .
1834	(Fr. 4119)	Kriegelstein et Arnaud	( 55 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1834	(Fr. 4119)	Kriegelstein et Amaud	( 1046 ). TUNING - Sourdine to facilitate : Two, three or Four or Six Strings at once and all the strings together
1834	(Fr. 6605)	Eulriot, Etienne	( 105 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright] See Book p. 253
1834	(Fr. 6605)	Eulriot, Etienne	( 758 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Lyre-shaped : See Book p.252 and 253. Fig. 19.
1834	(Fr. 6606)	Danchell et Greiner	( 905 ). SOUND-BOARD - In the Form of a Hemisphere (Influence of the Kettle drum on the pianoforte) : (See pp. 268, 269, 271 fig. 27).
1834	(Fr. 6873)	Pape, Henri	( 54 ). ACTIONS : [Square, upright]
1834	(Fr. 6873)	Pape, Henri	( 750 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Elliptic : Circular with a keyboard which could be pulled in and out like a drawer and resonating body like a kettle-drum.
1834	(Fr. 6873)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 761 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Oval .
1834	(Fr. 6873)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 906 ). SOUND-BOARD - In the Form of a Hemisphere (Influence of the Kettle drum on the pianoforte) : See p. 269, 272, Fig. 28
1835	(Am. )	Loud, Thomas	( 378 ). FRAME Compensation Frames, Tubes & Bars : Compensation tubes. No further description.
1835	(Aust. )	Streicher, J. B.	( 185 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Square]
1835	(Aust. )	Muller, M.	( 274 ). DAMPERS .
1835	(Eng. 6744)	Stewart, James	( 58 ). ACTIONS : [Square]
1835	(Eng. 6744)	Stewart, James	( 302 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1835	(Eng. 6779)	Danchell, Friedrick Ludwig Hahn	( 56 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking] The hammer is raised up from the string by a piece of india rubber attached to its tail and secured to a pin on the pin block at one end of which the hammer is pivoted.
1835	(Eng. 6780)	Wolf, Robert	( 896 ). SOUND-BOARD - With sounding bodies and forte or other holes See also Soundboards with harmonic rods, Lidel, Greiner. : (See p. 275 and fig. 29).
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 59 ). ACTIONS : [Upright, downstriking]
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 216 ). CASTORS : Elastic steam rollers [Sic].
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 908 ). SOUND-BOARD - In the Form of a Hemisphere (Influence of the Kettle drum on the pianoforte) : (See Book p. 269).
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 420 ). HAMMERHEADS Felt Covered : Covering the hammer heads with felt of varying thicknesses, Book p. 182.
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 558 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : Mentions pianoforte with two strings to a note and with springs added to augment the tone. To this instrument is added a mechanism for transposing. Not described.
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 751 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Elliptic : Circular with sound resonater in the form of a kettle-drum. String and springs. See Book p. 264. See also 'With Resonating or Sounding body in the form of a hemisphere: See Book pp. 268-9 and p. 271 fig. 27 and p. 272 fig. 28.
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 752 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Hexagonal : Hexagonal with copper half-cylinder resonator. Strings and springs. See Book p. 264.
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre	( 783 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Springs instead of strings : Metal springs.See Book p. 241. Bass notes only.
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 894 ). SOUND-BOARD - With braces above not as usual below the sound board .
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 911 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle : [Upright]
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 999 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - repeating hammers on strings or springs : Communicated by a certain Foreigner living abroad [Henri Pape] Springs.
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 1009 ). STRINGS - Other Substitutes for Strings : Communicated by a certain Foreigner living abroad (Henri Pape). Springs of steel, iron, copper, brass, silver plated etc. of different forms Also sostenante apparatus.
1835	(Eng. 6835)	Fischer, Pierre Frederick	( 1021 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : Pressure of the keys regulated by drawing back or pushing back the keyboard (Springs).
1835	(Fr. 10,164)	Dizi, Francois-Joseph	( 844 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : To raise the sound-board thereby improving the sonority of tone by increasing the sound-boards flexibility. The strings are shown in pairs and are twisted at the sound board bridge and have two screws passing through each loop of the strings formed by their twisting and then untwisting and pass on parallel to the Hitch pin block. The tops of the screws are above the strings on the bridge and consequently on the sound board. The top of the bridge is on a lower level than the Hitch pin block and has glued below it on the under part of the sound board a block the same size as teh bridge above. Suggestions for adding a third string are given.
1835	(Fr. 4360)	Soria, Madame	( 507 ). KEYBOARD Arrangement of .
1836	(Am. )	Pethick, John	( 65 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1836	(Am. )	Clark, Isaiah	( 347 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) .
1836	(Am. )	Pethick, John	( 386 ). HAMMER Butts .
1836	(Am. )	Hartye, Henry	( 1123 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : 'Wooden turning block' may be covered with an iron plate.
1836	(Am. )	Clark, Isaiah	( 912 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle : (-)
1836	(Aust. )	Seuffert, Martin	( 60 ). ACTIONS .
1836	(Aust. )	Seufert, M[artin]	( 1024 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : See Book p. 242 fig. 13.
1836	(Aust. )	Seuffert, Martin	( 346 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Upright]
1836	(Aust. )	Allgauer, Joseph	( 406 ). HAMMER Kapseln .
1836	(Aust. )	Keller, Joseph	( 1023 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : The part on which the back of the key rests can be regulated to be higher or lower.
1836	(Aust. )	Hittorff, Jacob Ignaz	( 1034 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) : This and [Fr. 10599 and Scottish Record Reference 10657/3] are on the same principle.
1836	(Bav. 27,390)	Segl, Johann	( 839 ). SOUND-BOARD - Preparation of wood for - : [See pp. 194-5) date on the printed copy is 19th Oct. on the Pat. is 2nd November.
1836	(Belg. No. 756. Order No. 123)	Rouhette, Francois Joseph	( 559 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : The transposition is effected by a rack mechanism which shifts the frame in relation to the action by means of two pedals Nos. 4 and 2. Pedal 3 produces the sound of an orchestra (not explained) Pedal 1 is forte.
1836	(Eng. 7006)	Lidel, Joseph	( 61 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1836	(Eng. 7006)	Lidel, Joseph	( 528 ). KEYBOARD - Position of : In the middle of a [square] pianoforte.
1836	(Eng. 7006)	Lidel, Joseph	( 637 ). PEDALS & STOPS Piano by shortened radias of the blow : See Book p. 148.
1836	(Eng. 7006)	Lidal, Joseph	( 827 ). SOUND-BOARD -With Harmonic Rods : (Almost the same as that of Greiner, G. E. [Fr: (79) 401 pl. 20] . Two plates, an upper and a lower one, are formed by staves of pine or other suitable wood united at their edges, their fibres running in the direction of the staves. These staves vibrate according to the strings extended over them. The staves composing the boards are fastened to the pegboard. The board is free to vibrate. Its thickness in the Bass may be as usual but in the Treble about one quarter this thickness. Both the upper and lower sounding boards have vibrating staves underneath them with their fibres running in the same direction so that they vibrate together. Between the ribs are sound holes F as in a violin. The two boards are connected by sound posts placed round the curved edge opposite the ends of the ribs.
1836	(Eng. 7006)	Lidel, Joseph	( 897 ). SOUND-BOARD - With sounding bodies and forte or other holes See also Soundboards with harmonic rods, Lidel, Greiner. : See under SOUNDBOARDS, with Harmonic rods.
1836	(Eng. 7006)	Lidel, Joseph	( 901 ). SOUND-BOARD - with sound post or connecting Bridge : Several sound posts for the same purpose as in a violin. See SOUNDBOARDS 'with Harmonic rods'.
1836	(Eng. 7021)	Godwin, John	( 186 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Square, upright]
1836	(Eng. 7021)	Godwin, John	( 913 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle : [Square, upright]
1836	(Eng. 7025)	Guynemer, Charles	( 813 ). SOUND-BOARD -Bridge on the : Pear shaped bridges for each note made of brass pierced with holes for the strings and used with 'Indicateurs de l'accord' [...] Also [Scottish Record Reference 10657/3]
1836	(Eng. 7025)	Guynemer, Charles	( 1033 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) : 'Indicateurs de l'accord: See Book p. 298.
1836	(Eng. 7094)	Kirk, Wheatley	( 344 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Grand, square, upright]
1836	(Eng. 7094)	Kirk, Wheatly	( 898 ). SOUND-BOARD - With sounding bodies and forte or other holes See also Soundboards with harmonic rods, Lidel, Greiner. : See Book p. 270.
1836	(Eng. 7154)	Wheatstone, Charles and Green, John.	( 988 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - directing currents of air on to the strings or springs (See Book pp. 100-101) : See also: [Scottish Record Office Reference 10687/2.
1836	(Fr. 10,599)	Lepere, Jean-Baptiste	( 1035 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) : See Book p. 298 and p. 304 fig. 35.
1836	(Fr. 10,644)	de la Brillantais, Marion	( 845 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : Various means for preserving the sound board
1836	(Fr. 10,644)	de la Brillantais, Marion.	( 927 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : Methods of placing the strings to obtain equal tension in older to keep the soundboard level. 'Pianos a tirage compense'.
1836	(Fr. 10,989)	Greiner, Georges-Frederic	( 63 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking] Figs. 8 and 9 show a jointed key which operates a down striking action.
1836	(Fr. 10,989)	Greiner, Georges-Frederic	( 828 ). SOUND-BOARD -With Harmonic Rods : Almost the same principle as that of Lidel.
1836	(Fr. 4042)	Tressoz et Cie	( 1066 ). VARNISH (TO PRESERVE PIANO FORTES FROM DAMP : '1° a appliquer sur les caisses, sommiers etc., et enfin sur les differentes parties de l'instrument que l'on veut garantir, une couche d'appret gris au vernis et a l'huile que l'on met secher dans une etuve ou regne constamment une temperature de 40 aa 50 degres ; 2° a poncer a l'eau et au paper de verre ; 3° a appliquer trois couches d'ocre jaune au vernis et a l'huile ; 4° a poncer entre chaque couche au papier de verre fin ; 5° a poser trois couches de vernis du Japon, sechees pareillement dans l'etuve a une temperature convenable ; 6° a poncer entre chaque couche a la ponce fine et solution aqueuse ; 7° a peindre ou decorer ; 8° a etendre deux couches de vernis blanc poncees convenablement a la ponce fine ; 9° enfin a polir le tout a la main et ou tripoli'.
1836	(Fr. 4101)	Eisenmenger, Michel	( 159 ). APPARATUS Stenographical : Claims to reproduce on paper all improvisions and other music played on a pianoforte.
1836	(Fr. 4115)	Soufleto, Francois	( 62 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1836	(Fr. 4146)	Debain, Alexandre	( 345 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Upright] See Book p. 205.
1836	(Fr. 4146)	Debain, Alexandre	( 514 ). KEYBOARD Closing or drawn in or out .
1836	(Fr. 4146)	Debain, Alexandre	( 682 ). PIANO - E'cran : Folding upright piano. Fire screen-piano.
1836	(Fr. 4305)	Lahause, Francois-Joseph	( 1022 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : 'Clavigrades Elastiques'. A row of springs pressing on the keys can be set by an index so as to regulate the touch and facilitate the sound production according to the strength of the performer.
1836	(Fr. 5049)	Mahr, Frederic	( 1080 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins : Endless screw which operates a Little wheel to which the strings are attached.
1836	(Fr. 8726)	Clara-Margueron, Jean-Baptiste	( 671 ). PIANO - Clara : No descriptions.
1836	(Fr. Add. Pat. to No. 6873(1834) )	Pape, Henri	( 753 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Hexagonal : Hexagonal with keyboard which be moved in or out like a drawer and with a copper resonating body like a kettle drum.
1837	(Am. 504)	Loud, Thomas	( 66 ). ACTIONS : [Grand]
1837	(Am. 504)	Loud, Thomas	( 304 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1837	(Am. 504)	Loud, Thomas	( 379 ). FRAME Compensation Frames, Tubes & Bars : ([Grand or square]?) Plates, braces, tubes or otherwise.
1837	(Am. 504)	Loud, Thomas	( 1124 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : 'Metallic supporting brace' of cast iron for pin or long block of piano fortes which in itself is supported at points of tension by compensation tubes.
1837	(Aust. )	Erard, Pierre	( 107 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand]
1837	(Aust. )	Amberg, Anton	( 303 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1837	(Aust. )	Obendrauf, Joseph Valentin	( 509 ). KEYBOARD Arrangement of .
1837	(Aust. )	Bohm, Joseph	( 597 ). PEDALLIER : See Book p. 276.
1837	(Aust. )	Zsitkovsky, Karl	( 784 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Springs instead of strings : See under SUSTAINING THE SOUND [repeating hammers] and see Book p. 299.
1837	(Aust. )	Jahn, Christoph Lorenz	( 914 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle : (for Quer Fortepianos)
1837	(Aust. )	Zsitkovsky, Karl	( 1000 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - repeating hammers on strings or springs : Not strings but springs.
1837	(Aust. )	Zsaitkovsky, Karl	( 1010 ). STRINGS - Other Substitutes for Strings : Steel Springs. Sostenente (See Book p. 299).
1837	(Bav. )	Eickenauer, Johann	( 583 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : [No Description] For 'Saitenhalter' lit tail pieces for pianofortes.
1837	(Bav. )	Steininger, Johann Gottlieb	( 1015 ). TANNING LEATHER FOR HAMMER HEADS : (See Book p. 392).
1837	(Bav. )	Steininger, Johann Gottlieb	( 437 ). HAMMERHEADS Set (of heads): Tanning leather for hammer heads .
1837	(Bav. 15,380)	Ziegler, Allrecht	( 189 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes .
1837	(Bav. 15,380)	Ziegler, Albrecht	( 529 ). KEYBOARD - Two keyboards : This grand pianoforte has two keyboards. In the action belonging to the upper one the hammers strike down onto the strings. The lower keyboard has an actron with hammers striking upwards to the strings.
1837	(Belg. No. 814. Order No. 128)	Stocker, Theodore	( 64 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1837	(Belg. No. 814. Order No. 128)	Stocker, Theodore	( 498 ). KEY-PIVOTS OR MORTISES : D. Add. Patent.
1837	(Belg. No. 837, Order No. 129)	Florence, Jean Joseph	( 187 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand, square]
1837	(Belg. No. 884. Order No. 132)	Frin, Charles et Cie	( 188 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Square] Metal Braces. These braces can be extended by six mm by means of screws and have each one a downward extension to the bottom of the case such that they strengthen the case to sustain the strings up to Orchestral pitch.
1837	(Eng. 7424)	Southwell, William	( 106 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, square]. The repetition action used by Broadwood. See Rimbault, Edward F., LL.D. 'The Pianoforte' p. 189.
1837	(Eng. 7424)	Southwell, William	( 240 ). CHECK S e m i-C he ck : In a repetition action a'second spring acting as a semi-check to prevent the hammers from rebounding'.
1837	(Fr. 11,027)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 582 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : [No Description]
1837	(Fr. 11,027)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 584 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : [No Description]
1837	(Fr. 5360)	Tonnel, Edouard-Joseph	( 508 ). KEYBOARD Arrangement of : Three keyboards. The projecting one gives the natural keys, that above the sharp keys, that below the flat keys. By this means all the sounds are in perfect tune.
1837	(Fr. Ist add. Pat. to No. 5833 (1828)	Pape, Henri	( 108 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Down-striking]
1837	(Fr. add. Pat. to No. 5833 (1828))	Pape, Henri	( 304 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1837	(Fr. Ist. Add. Pat. to No. 5833)	Pape, Henri	( 497 ). KEY-PIVOTS OR MORTISES .
1837	(Fr. Add. Pat. to No. 10,989 (1836))	Greiner, Georges-Frederic	( 617 ). PEDALS & STOPS Forte : Dampers raised and lowered by a pedal.
1837	(Fr. Ist. Add. pat, to No. 10,989 (1836))	Greiner, Georges-Frederic	( 638 ). PEDALS & STOPS Piano by shortened radius of the blow : See Book p. 148
1837	(Scottish Record Reference 10657/3)	Guynemer, Charles	( 814 ). SOUND-BOARD - Bridge on the : See above. [Eng. 7025]
1837	(Scottish Record Reference 10657/3)	Guynemer, Charles	( 1036 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) : Indicateurs de l'accord' See [fr. 10599]
1837	(Scottish Record Reference 10687/2)	[Wheatstone, Charles and Green, John]	( 989 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - directing currents of air on to the strings or springs (See Book pp. 100-101) : See Book p. 101.
1838	(Am. 1007)	Smith, John Cutts	( 1043 ). TUNING Hammers : Mechanical with ratchet and toothed wheel.
1838	(Am. 1014)	Brown, Edwin	( 607 ). PEDALS & STOPS BUFF See also UNA CORDA : Single string only without lateral movement of the hammers. The string is clamped or held and thus cannot vibrate, the other being free to sound.
1838	(Am. 1024)	Brown, Edwin	( 67 ). ACTIONS : [Square]
1838	(Am. 790)	Walker, Daniel	( 1081 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins .
1838	(Aust. )	Komary, Stephen	( 190 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : (-)
1838	(Aust. )	Ries, Joseph F.	( 407 ). HAMMER Kapseln .
1838	(Belg. No. 963. Order No. 128)	Stocker, Theodore	( 499 ). KEY-PIVOTS OR MORTISES .
1838	(Belg. No. 963. Order No. 128)	Stocker, Theodore	( 674 ). PIANO - Console : Console piano. Same almost, as in Pape's Bavarian Patent of 1839 may be fitted with device for tuning by sight. Action Fig. 5.
1838	(Belg. No. 963. Order No. 128)	Stocker, Theodore	( 1038 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) : an index to show the tension
1838	(Belg. No. 963. Order No. 136)	Stocker, Theodore	( 110 ). ACTIONS Repetition : See Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5 [Downstriking] for grand pianoforte. Fig. 1. shows the hammer pointing towards the performer to shorten the length of the key. For other actions see PIANO CONSOLE, HEXAGONAL PIANOFORTE. Note the similarity between Stocker's Fig. 1 and Pape's Fig. 1 in his Bavarian Patent of 1839.
1838	(Belg. No. 963, Order No. 136)	Stocker, Theodore	( 349 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Upright]
1838	(Belg. No. 963. Order No. 136)	Stocker, T.	( 516 ). KEYBOARD Closing or drawn in or out .
1838	(Belg. No. 963. Order No. 136)	Stocker, Theodore	( 803 ). SOUND-BOARD -Arrangement of Various : [Downstriking] for grand pianoforte . This Patent is supplementary to his Patent of 18th April 1837 and appears to be the same as that shown in Pape's Bavarian Patent of the year 1839. Both have a small supplementary sound board for the Bass notes one end of which is shown in Stocker's Patent resting on the Wrest pin block both have a bridge on this and another immediately behind on the Wrest pin block itself to relieve the strain on the additional bridge.
1838	(Belg. No. 963. Order No. 136)	Stocker, Theodore	( 1073 ). WREST PINS - Arrangement of : In a grand pianoforte the wrest pins are below the keyboard and in front of it with cover over them.
1838	(Belg. No. 963. Order No. 198)	Stocker, Theodore	( 754 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Hexagonal : Size of an hexagonal pedestal table with a keyboard which could be moved in and out like a drawer.
1838	(Belg. No. 1016. Order No. 140)	Dammekris, J.	( 794 ). SOUND-BOARD - Above the strings .
1838	(Belg. No. 1016. Order No. 140)	Dammekins, Jean	( 949 ). STRINGS - arrangement of : Patent copy defective but apparently the string [or strings] pass from the hitch pins below the soundboard and are carried round a wheel up the front side of the wrest pin block to the wrest pins. See [...] 1841, Eng. 8999 Godwin, John.
1838	(Belg. No. 1050, Order No. 144)	Lichtenthal, Herman	( 484 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Metal]
1838	(Belg. No. 1050. Order No. 144)	Lichtenthal, Herman	( 915 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle .
1838	(Fr. 2nd add. Pat. to No. 10,599 (1836)	Lepere, Jean-Baptiste.	( 1049 ). TUNING - Sourdine to facilitate : Two or three at once. See Book p. 304 fig. 35.
1838	(Fr. 4736)	Brand, Theodore	( 306 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1838	(Fr. 4834)	Moulle, Eugene	( 348 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Upright]
1838	(Fr. 4834)	Moulle, Eugene	( 766 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Upright (Small size) : A little over 1 m. high no pedals mentioned.
1838	(Fr. 4834)	Moulle, Eugene	( 823 ). SOUND-BOARD -Enlarged : [Upright]. In small upright pianoforte.
1838	(Fr. 5946)	Roger, Charlemagne - Emmanuel	( 515 ). KEYBOARD Closing or drawn in or out .
1838	(Fr. 6156)	Pfeiffer, Jean	( 191 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Square]
1838	(Fr. 6156)	Pfeiffer, Jean	( 275 ). DAMPERS .
1838	(Fr. 6156)	Pfeiffer, Jean	( 717 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Square : With specially designed action with the dampers placed behind the hammers. With metal and wooden braces.
1838	(Fr. 9404)	Pape, Henri	( 1093 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning : See figs 1 and 2 also first Add. Pat. dated1842 ig. 3.
1838	(Fr. 9404)	Pape, Henri	( 960 ). STRINGS - Clamped : [3rd Add. Pat. dated 1843] Devices for preventing the strings from slipping.
1838	(Fr. 9404)	Pape, Henri	( 1037 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) : An index shows the tension of the strings. The tension can be put right either by the tuning pin or by a pressure screw.
1838	(Fr. 9404)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 1106 ). WREST PINS - Pressure Screw for Tuning : nd first three additional patents 1842, 1843.
1838	(Fr. 9572)	Erard, Pierre-Orphee	( 153 ). AGRAFFE PIERCED STUD OR INVERTED BRIDGE .
1838	(Fr. 9572)	Erard, Pierre-Orphee	( 1115 ). WREST PIN BLOCK With Harmonic or Pressure Bar .
1839	(Am. 1014 patented first 1838 reissued 1839).	Brown, Edwin	( 667 ). PEDALS & STOPS 'Una Corda' or more strings by means of a pedal or stop : Instead of lateral movement one of the two strings is clamped; by this means all strings are equally acted up and the instrument does not get out of tune. This arrangement also assists tuning. A pedal operating a lever and mechanism brings this 'Una Corda' effect.
1839	(Am. 1265)	Wise, John J	( 69 ). ACTIONS : ([Grand, square]?)
1839	(Am. 1275)	Cumston	( 608 ). PEDALS & STOPS BUFF See also UNA CORDA : Mechanism to damp one of two strings without the lateral shifting of the keyboard.
1839	(Am. 1339)	Babcock, A.	( 309 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1839	(Am. 1379)	Herrick, H.	( 68 ). ACTIONS .
1839	(Am. 1379)	Herrick, Hiram	( 310 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1839	(Aust. )	Muller, Mathias	( 307 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1839	(Aust. )	Schwab, Wilhelm und Heinrich Schwarb	( 1005 ). STRINGS - Thick Wavy, Serpentine : Spiral, wavy, thick and springy strings [Schlange] Directions how to make them and fix them are given.
1839	(Aust. )	Pottje, Johann	( 1116 ). WREST PIN BLOCK With Harmonic or Pressure Bar : Metal bar lying over the strings on the Wrest pin block.
1839	(Aust. )	Muller, Mathias	( 307 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1839	(Aust. )	Ries, F.	( 308 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1839	(Aust. )	Schwab, Wilhelm und Heinrich	( 517 ). KEYBOARD Closing or drawn in or out : 'Pour un plano-Ecran'. See Book p. 243.
1839	(Aust. )	Lorenz, Kaspar and Abate, Stephen	( 868 ). SOUND-BOARD - Supported or Braced .
1839	(Aust. )	Schwab, Wilhelm und Heinrich	( 928 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : See'Serpentine' springs for the Hitch Pins behind the 'big' bridge: Possibly this refers to springs for the Hitch Pins to which the strings were attached to keep them in tune.
1839	(Aust. )	Schwab, Wilhelm und Heinrich	( 977 ). STRINGS - SERPENTINE SINUOUS : 'Schlangenfoermig gewundenen Klaviersaiten' How to make them is described.
1839	(Aust. )	Krimer, Johann	( 1111 ). WREST PIN BLOCK With Bridge of Iron, Glass or Copper : Brass bridge fixed to the wrest pin block, so that the strings are stretched upwards The pins are set into the upper curve of this bridge.
1839	(Bav. )	Pape,Heinrich	( 1040 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) .
1839	(Bav. )	Becker, Jakob	( 1125 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : Wrest pin block in two parts one part being of wood the other of iron.
1839	(Bav. )	Becker, Jakob	( 795 ). SOUND-BOARD - Above the strings .
1839	(Bav. )	Becker, Jakob	( 350 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Grand, square]
1839	(Bav. )	Pape, Heinrich	( 109 ). ACTIONS Repetition .
1839	(Bav. )	Pape, Heinrich	( 112 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand] Note that Fig. 1 in Pape's Bavanan Patent of 1839 is the same as Fig. 1 in Stocker's Belgian Patent No. 963 of 1838.
1839	(Bav. )	Pape, Henri	( 675 ). PIANO - Console : See figs 4, 5, 6 bf the patent. Frame of iron and soundboard forming wall of the instrument. Means of tuning by sight can be applied to this and other instruments. See Stocker above.
1839	(Bav. )	Pape, Henri	( 755 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Hexagonal : Hexagonal in the form of a small table and with keyboard which can be pushed in like a drawer.
1839	(Bav. 12,953)	Pape, Henri	( 70 ). ACTIONS : [Upright, downstriking]
1839	(Belg. No. 1456. Order No. 154)	Sax, Adolphe	( 1051 ). TUNING - Sourdine to facilitate : pitch of the strings is adjusted by the movement of a bar running cross the length of the strings. This bar is attached to a cog actuated by worm device permitting fine adjustment of the whole range of the instrument at once.
1839	(Eng. 7971)	Stumpff, Johann Andreas	( 113 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, upright]
1839	(Eng. 7971)	Stumpff, Johann Andres	( 276 ). DAMPERS .
1839	(Eng. 7971)	Stumpff, Johann Andres	( 311 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1839	(Eng. 7971)	Stumpff, Johann Andres	( 523 ). KEYBOARD - Covers and falls .
1839	(Eng. 7971)	Stumpff, Andres	( 624 ). PEDALS & STOPS Harmonic Sounds : See Book p. 147.
1839	(Eng. 7971)	Stumpff, Johann Andreas	( 836 ). SOUND-BOARD - Octave bridge : A bridge placed on the sound board in the middle of the length of the lower bass notes and by means of a hook and support one of each of the two strings forming the notes is raised an octave higher.
1839	(Eng. 7971)	Stumpff, Johann Andres	( 389 ). HAMMER Butts .
1839	(Eng. 7971)	Stumpff, Johann Andres	( 410 ). HAMMER Hingeing to hammer rail .
1839	(Eng. 7971)	Stumpff, Johann Andreas	( 1094 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning : Tuning by means of a nut and screw. A hook and screw.
1839	(Eng. 8131)	Bingham, James and Boden, John Amory	( 539 ). KEYS Coverings for: Various : to resemble, ivory, bone, hem, mother olpearl etc.
1839	(Eng. 8137)	Pape, Henri	( 111 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright, downstriking]
1839	(Eng. 8137)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 421 ). HAMMERHEADS Felt Covered : Wool and Felt worked together.
1839	(Eng. 8137)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 760 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Oval : war or square.
1839	(Eng. 8137)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 804 ). SOUND-BOARD -Arrangement of Various : Sound board behind the braces which are consequently between the strings and the sound board.
1839	(Eng. 8137)	Pape, Henry	( 990 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - directing currents of air on to the strings or springs (See Book pp. 100-101) : Also: [(Fr. Add. Pat. to No. 101,39 (1834))]
1839	(Eng. 8137)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 1039 ). TUNING BY MEANS OF AN INDEX SHOWING THE TENSION OF THE STRINGS (See Book 297-8) .
1839	(Eng. 8137)	Pape, Henry	( 676 ). PIANO - Console : Piano console. Reduction in the length of the keys. A mechanism for tuning by sight may be adapted.
1839	(Eng. 8137)	Pape, Henry	( 846 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : 'Harmonical braces, by means of which It is possible to regulate the elasticity of the sounding board to the degree required.' [Official Patent].
1839	(Eng. 8137)	Pape, Henry	( 1025 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : In the drawing the letter M represents a 'moveable paddle' which serves to harden or lighten the touch. The letter M is missing.
1839	(Eng. 8164)	Myers, John Frederick and Storer, Joseph	( 1108 ). WREST PINS - Pressure Screw for Tuning : The strings at one end are drawn nearly in tune by an ordinary Wrest Pin; at the other they are fine tuned by means of a lever and set screw for each string.
1839	(Fr. 5240)	Rinaldi, Julien-Thomas	( 192 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Square]
1839	(Fr. 5240)	Rinaldi, Julien-Thomas	( 878 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : The second sound board is behind the pianoforte and the strings there are vertical from the 49th to the 68th. (Square pianoforte).
1839	(Fr. 5606)	Boisselot et fils.	( 486 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : iron.
1839	(Fr. 6506)	Brisselot et fils	( 672 ). PIANO - Clediharmonique : See Book p. 187.
1839	(Fr. 6506)	Boisselot et fils	( 1050 ). TUNING - Sourdine to facilitate : Two or three strings together. See Book p. 187.
1839	(Fr. 6506)	Boisselot et fils	( 1082 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins : Passing a single wire round a pulley and secunng the loose ends to nut fixed into the Hitch pin block. The pulley was fixed to a short bar which could be wound forwards or backwards by the action of a worm device. By this means both the strings were of equal length and tension, and both were tuned together.
1839	(Fr. 6506)	Boisselot et fils	( 1107 ). WREST PINS - Pressure Screw for Tuning .
1839	(Fr. 7002)	Vandermere, Auguste	( 485 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Metal]
1839	(Fr. 7002)	Vandermere, Auguste	( 916 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle : [Upright]
1839	(Fr.)	Boisselot et fils	( 475 ). HITCH PINS Substitutes for : Pressure screw with two oles for the endsof the two strings.
1840	(Am. 1802)	Chickering, Jonas	( 353 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Square] See Book p. 205 and 212 Fig. 27.
1840	(Aust. )	Frenzel, Karl	( 334 ). FELT Preparation of .
1840	(Aust. )	Frenrel, Karl	( 422 ). HAMMERHEADS Felt Covered : See Book, Appendix E.
1840	(Bav. )	Mayer, Johann	( 71 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1840	(Bav. )	Ziegler, Albrecht	( 466 ). HAMMERS Two hammers striking two sets of strings : See 'Porychorda' Book p. 148.
1840	(Bav. )	Becker, Joseph	( 917 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle : [Upright] 'Crucicord'
1840	(Belg. No. 1511. Order No. 157)	Sax, C. J.	( 1055 ). RETAINING IN TUNE BY VARIOUS MEANS - Levers and or Springs : ketaming in tune by springs and by various combinations of levers.
1840	(Belg. No. 1611. Order No. 166)	Janmaart, Louis	( 74 ). ACTIONS : [Grand] This action is remarkable on account of the application of castors to various parts of the action to prevent friction
1840	(Eng. 8316)	[Bingham, James and Boden, John Amory]	( 540 ). KEYS Coverings for: Various : same as before [9 p. 131].
1840	(Eng. 8388)	Clarke, Joseph	( 194 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand, upright] Tubular or metal bars mentioned.
1840	(Eng. 8388)	Clarke, Joseph	( 489 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Metal]
1840	(Eng. 8388)	Clarke, Joseph	( 805 ). SOUND-BOARD -Arrangement of Various : 'Free sounding board' attached on one side only, for upright pianofortes.
1840	(Eng. 8526)	Hawley, John	( 1058 ). TEMPERING STRINGS : see nook p. 389.
1840	(Eng. 8616)	Bingham, James	( 541 ). KEYS Coverings for: Various : As before.
1840	(Eng. 8643)	Erard, Pierre	( 114 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, upright] A new action for upright pianofortes. A new action for grand or square pianofortes. To this simplified action a coiled spring is attached between the striker (escapement) and the intermediate lever.
1840	(Eng. 8643)	Erard, Pierre	( 195 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand, upright]
1840	(Eng. 8643)	Erard, Pierre	( 277 ). DAMPERS .
1840	(Eng. 8643)	Erard, Pierre	( 487 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Metal]
1840	(Eng. 8643)	Erard, Pierre	( 502 ). KEY-PIVOTS OR MORTISES .
1840	(Eng. 8643)	Erard, Pierre	( 791 ). STAND FOR A SQUARE .
1840	(Eng. 8692)	Dodd, Edward	( 950 ). STRINGS - arrangement of : [Upright]. Strings are on both sides of an upright pianoforte; pass round three pulleys at the bottom of the pianoforte and then one end passes up to the Wrest Pins and the other to the Hitch pins opposite at the top back of the pianoforte. The object being to equalize, as far as possible, the strain of the strings by having them on both sides of the pianoforte.
1840	(Eng. 8737)	Steward, John	( 586 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : [No specification enrolled]
1840	(Fr. 10,445)	Brasil, Pierre	( 585 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : Keyboard of pianos and organs (no description).
1840	(Fr. 11,920)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 278 ). DAMPERS .
1840	(Fr. 11,970)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 115 ). ACTIONS Repetition .
1840	(Fr. 11,970)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 312 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1840	(Fr. 11,970)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 501 ). KEY-PIVOTS OR MORTISES .
1840	(Fr. 11,970)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 520 ). KEYBOARD - Concave : Add; Pat. of 1844 pp. 382-1 pi. 23 Pig. 6]. 'Clavier-Bavan au clavier-are'.
1840	(Fr. 11,970)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 848 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : Soundboard without supports, these made unnecessary by placing, the bridge and other accessories in accordance with the principles of acoustics. The pin block (sommier prolonge) covers part of the sound board. (Explanation in detail on the specification p
1840	(Fr. 11,970)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 954 ). STRINGS - Attaching to the Hitch Pins : Quatriame Perfectionnement p. 352. To plate or solder the loop this must be immersed in a solution of Pewter and tin or Pewter and lead and then to prevent oxidation, wiped with solution of Ammonia or any other suitable acid.
1840	(Fr. 5801)	Cluesman, Jean-Baptiste	( 72 ). ACTIONS : (-)
1840	(Fr. 5801)	Cluesman, Jean-Baptiste	( 229 ). CHECK .
1840	(Fr. 5801)	Cluesman, Jean-Baptiste	( 352 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : (-).
1840	(Fr. 5801)	Cluesman, Jean-Baptiste	( 768 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Nearly all parts in Iron or other metal : 'un piano en fer a leviers' (obscure).
1840	(Fr. 6305)	De Predaval, Barthelemy-Richard.	( 542 ). KEYS Coverings for: Various : Porcelain mixture of'Kaolin et de petunse' forming thin white
1840	(Fr. 6406)	Sormani, Paul-Joseph	( 669 ). PIANO - Basque ou timbale Chromatique : See Book pp. 139-40.
1840	(Fr. 6988)	Reintjer, Henri	( 1095 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning : A screw mounted on a square; a female screw moves and draws the strings, it needs a key to move the screw.
1840	(Fr. 7046)	Martin et Cie.	( 847 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : To raise the pin block and regulate the pressure of the strings on the bridge and lessen the weight of the strings on the soundboard.
1840	(Fr. 7092)	De Rhoden, Ferdinand	( 395 ). HAMMER Fourches .
1840	(Fr. 7130)	Bernhardt, Pierre-Antoine-Daniel	( 73 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1840	(Fr. 7448)	Soufleto, Francois	( 500 ). KEY-PIVOTS OR MORTISES : The principle of this invention appears to have been to give the key elasticity by making a gash through the part of the key through which the pivot passes. This gash could partly be closed or opened by means of pressure screws.
1840	(Fr. 7448)	Soufleto, Francois	( 1026 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : To give elasticity to the key a slit is made in the middle of it and the size of the slit can be regulated by pressure screws.
1840	(Fr. 7466)	Mercier, Sebastien	( 75 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1840	(Fr. 7554)	Pape, Henri	( 217 ). CASTORS .
1840	(Fr. 7665)	Boisselot et fils	( 193 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand]
1840	(Fr. 7665)	Boisselot et fils	( 396 ). HAMMER Fourches .
1840	(Fr. 7767)	Billion (jeune) Eugene-Hippolyte	( 335 ). FELT Preparation of : See Book Appendix E.
1840	(Fr. 7767)	Billion (jeune) Eugene-Hippolyte	( 423 ). HAMMERHEADS Felt Covered : See Book Appendix E.
1840	(Fr. 7883)	Wirth, Samuel	( 351 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Square]
1840	(Fr. 7883)	Wirth, Samuel	( 670 ). PIANO - a Doucine : 'Piano a doucine'. Ogee shape piano. Downstriking repetition action with forte and celeste stops.
1840	(Fr. 7883)	Wirth, Samuel	( 116 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Down-striking]
1840	(Fr. 7883)	Wirth, Samuel	( 488 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Copper]
1840	(Fr. 7883)	Wirth, Samuel	( 632 ). PEDALS & STOPS Jeu Celeste or Celeste : 'jeu celeste' mentioned in a repetition down striking action.
1840	(Fr. 7883)	Wirth, Samuel	( 945 ). STRINGS - After lengths shortened : See this patent which has a 'sommier en cuivre prolonge garni de pointes', evidently to shorten the afterlengths of the strings though not stated.
1840	(Fr. 7883)	Wirth, Samuel	( 1074 ). WREST PINS - Arrangement of : Wrest pins placed in front but be the keyboard.
1840	(Fr. 7889)	Wirth, Samuel	( 616 ). PEDALS & STOPS Forte : forte pedal mentioned in downstriking repetition action.
1840	(Fr. 7903)	Herold, Georges-Frederic	( 76 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1840	(Fr. 7903)	Herold, Georges-Frederic	( 230 ). CHECK .
1840	(Fr. 10,242)	Sanguinede et Capt	( 1059 ). TEMPERING STRINGS : See Book p.389.
1840	(Fr. Add. Pat. to No. 10,139 (1834))	Pape, Henri	( 991 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - directing currents of air on to the strings or springs (See Book pp. 100-101) : See Book p. 101.
1840	(Fr. Second Add. Patent to No. 6964 (1839)).	Sulot, Nicolas	( 879 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : Two soundboards on which the strings are divided instead of all of them placed upon one sound-board (Most of this patent relates to soundboards for basses and violins).
1840	(Upper Canada No. 163)	Thomas, John Morgan and Smith, Alexander	( 196 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : (-).
1840	(Upper Canada No. 163)	Thomas, John Morgan and Smith, Alexander	( 354 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : (-)
1841	(Am. 1970)	Gilbert, Timothy	( 294 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for : Hammer heads made of cork over which soft buff leather is placed.
1841	(Am. 1971)	Forbes, Edwin	( 135 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for : Heads with cork at the top covered with soft buff leather to render the sound clearer and sharper.
1841	(Am. 2081)	Newhall, Daniel B, and Wilkins, Levi	( 521 ). KEYBOARD - Concave : Concave curvature of the bed of keys to enable the performer to reach distant keys.
1841	(Am. 2099)	Reichenbach, Frederick C.	( 197 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand]
1841	(Am. 2167)	Gilbert, Lemuel	( 315 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1841	(Am. 2330)	Newhall, Daniel B.	( 80 ). ACTIONS : ([Grand, square]?)
1841	(Am. 2330)	Newhall, Daniel B.	( 639 ). PEDALS & STOPS Piano by shortened radias of the blow : See Book p. 148.
1841	(Bav. )	Then, Christian	( 1002 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - repeating hammers on strings or springs : Crescendo and decrescendo can be obtained. (Strings).
1841	(Belg. No. 1990. Order No. 190)	Lacoste, M. A.	( 690 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Crescendo : 'Piano-crescendo': As you depress the key, air is released from the reservoir to vibrate the metal strip above the string. These metal strips are made of various alloys according to the quality of sound required. The reservoir is operated by a pedal.
1841	(Eng. 8999)	Godwin, John	( 77 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square]
1841	(Eng. 8999)	Godwin, John	( 198 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : Applicable to all but [Upright]
1841	(Eng. 8999)	Godwin, John	( 231 ). CHECK .
1841	(Eng. 8999)	Godwin, John	( 279 ). DAMPERS .
1841	(Eng. 8999)	Godwin, John	( 444 ). HAMMERS Arrangement of .
1841	(Eng. 8999)	Godwin, John	( 476 ). HITCH PINS Substitutes for : Strings are not looped over the pins but carried round them to a wheel and then up to the Wrest pins.
1841	(Eng. 8999)	Godwin, John	( 824 ). SOUND-BOARD -Enlarged : [Square]. Horizontal pianofortes only. Sound board is extended and brought forward about 2 inches under the strings and wrest pin block.
1841	(Eng. 8999)	Godwin, John	( 951 ). STRINGS - arrangement of : The strings pass from the Hitch pins over the soundboard bridge and under the Wrest pin bridge then round pulleys two, or three, in a brass frame with a projection which is riveted to an iron bar on the front underside of the wrest pin block champfered off to receive it, opposite to the player and from there to the Wrest pins above also opposite the player.
1841	(Eng. 9023)	Steward, John	( 78 ). ACTIONS : [Upright] tape-check action below the keyboard .
1841	(Eng. 9023)	Steward, John	( 355 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Grand, upright] also [356, 357]
1841	(Eng. 9023)	Steward, John	( 477 ). HITCH PINS Substitutes for : Loops of peculiar construction in place of pins to which the strings are hooked.
1841	(Eng. 9023)	Steward, John	( 694 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - [Euphonicon] : also [(Ireland 9023) (Scottish Record Office Reference 10657/4) ]
1841	(Eng. 9023)	Steward, John	( 902 ). SOUND-BOARD - with sound post or connecting Bridge : See Book pp. 244, 245, 257-9, 272 and Plate XV. Further references: see PIANOFORTES NAMED [Euphonicon].
1841	(Eng. 9150)	Stewart, James	( 117 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, square]
1841	(Eng. 9150)	Stewart, James	( 314 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1841	(Fr. 10,534)	Sulot, Nicolas	( 1012 ). STRINGS - Two Sets of Strings Struck by a Single Row Two-face Hammers : also Brevet d'addition 1843] also: [Fr. 3340]
1841	(Fr. 10,534)	Sulot, Nicholas	( 460 ). HAMMERS With double heads .
1841	(Fr. 12,079)	Girard-Romagnace, Madame.	( 1001 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - repeating hammers on strings or springs : Even rapidly repeated notes. (Strings) A trembling mechanism posible to be augment or diminished as required. There can be two keyboards one without this action. In a Brevet d'addition dated 1842 a further improvement is added: that of adding the octave above or below.
1841	(Fr. 8375)	Blondel, Alfred-Alphonse	( 77 ). ACTIONS : [Grand, square]
1841	(Fr. 8375)	Blondel, Alfred-Alphonse	( 232 ). CHECK .
1841	(Fr. 8375)	Blondel, Alfred-Alphonse	( 313 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1841	(Fr. 8375)	Blondel, Alfred-Alphonse	( 390 ). HAMMER Butts .
1841	(Fr. 8479)	Kriegelstein et Plantade	( 154 ). AGRAFFE PIERCED STUD OR INVERTED BRIDGE .
1841	(Fr. 8479)	Kriegelstein et Plantade	( 1096 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning .
1841	(Ireland No. 9023)	Steward, John	( 695 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - [Euphonicon] : also [(Eng. 9023),(Scottish Record Office Reference 10657/4) ]
1841	(Sweden 24)	Bickstrom, J. E.	( 785 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Springs instead of strings : Pianoforte without strings. No further description.
1841	(Sweden 49)	Jorselicus, A. of Sweden	( 1082a ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins : (The information at the moment lost.)
1842	(Am. 2523)	Loud, Thomas	( 668 ). PEDALS & STOPS 'Una Corda' or more strings by means of a pedal or stop : Pedal causes the 'shifting movements' for square or horizontal pianofortes by means of a shifting frame moving upon sliding pieces. This movement is to 'cause the hammers to strike one or more strings at pleasure.' See Book p. 149.
1842	(Am. 2595)	Bossert, C. and Shoemaker, J.	( 81 ). ACTIONS : [Square]
1842	(Aust. )	Streicher, J. B.	( 316 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1842	(Aust. )	Bienert, Franz	( 840 ). SOUND-BOARD - Preparation of wood for - : See Book p. 194.
1842	(Aust. )	Pottje, Johann	( 880 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : The large bridge is here connected with a second bridge inside between the two boards, both the outer and inner, are bound together with thirteen ribs.
1842	(Aust. )	Pottje, Johann	( 903 ). SOUND-BOARD - with sound post or connecting Bridge : two sound boards with connecting bridge. See under SOUNDBOARDS Two in connection with one set of strings.'
1842	(Aust. )	Streicher, J. B.	( 1126 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : Wrest pin block covered on the top surface with rolled iron or other metal plates with the holes for the wrest pins bored in them.
1842	(Bav. 15,399)	Deiler, Alois	( 408 ). HAMMER Kapseln .
1842	(Bav. 15,965)	Biber, Alois	( 1117 ). WREST PIN BLOCK With Harmonic or Pressure Bar .
1842	(Bav. 8350)	Nelson, Peter Karl	( 587 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : for improvements in actions and inventions to produce a pure and strong tone in grand pianos and forte pianos.
1842	(Belg. No. 2214. Order No. 1629. Index No. 1180).	Vanlair, Gerald	( 518 ). KEYBOARD Closing or drawn in or out .
1842	(Belg. No. 2214. Order No. 1629. Index No. 1188)	Vanlair, Gerard	( 359 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Upright]
1842	(Belg. No. 2214. Order No. 1629. Index No. 1188)	Vanlair, Gerard	( 560 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : [Upright]. Small upright transposing pianoforte with closing keyboard 1 metre 16 high, same in width and O metre 32 in depth. Strong iron frame. Has the appearance of a writing desk. No explanation as to how the transposition is worked.
1842	(Belg. No. 2277. Order No. 1637. Index No. 1525)	Sternberg et Cie	( 119 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand]
1842	(Belg. No. 2277. Order No. 1637. Index No. 1525)	Sternberg et Cie	( 869 ). SOUND-BOARD - Supported or Braced .
1842	(Belg. No. 2361. Order No. 1639. Index No. 1691)	Thelma, C. J. et Ross.	( 806 ). SOUND-BOARD -Arrangement of Various : The sound board is moveable and not glued. The bridge on it is screwed to the supports below.
1842	(Belg. No. 2361. Order No. 1639; Index No. 1691)	Themar, C. J. et Ross	( 199 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Upright]
1842	(Belg. No. 2369. Order No. 1640. Index No. 1670)	Dammekens, J.	( 82 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1842	(Belg. No. 2369. Order No. 1640. Index No. 1670)	Dammekens, J.	( 453 ). HAMMERS Striking the strings against their bearings : [Upright]
1842	(Belg. No. 2421 Order No. 1642. Index No. 1743)	Lacroix, Matthieu	( 358 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Grand]. Metal frame entirely in cast iron with wooden frame glued to it. The glue is composed as follows. One half pint of glue 'de Memuivier' of first quality one quarter of a pound of Chalk 'de France' which must be boiled with a little water & added at once to the glue which must be dissolved previously by baking ; the whole should immediately be removed from the fire after a single boiling. To apply the glue one has only to heat the wood and the iron to a moderate degree of heat.
1842	(Belg. No. 2421. Order No. 1642. Index No. 1743).	Lacroix, M.	( 200 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand]. tubular bars.
1842	(Eng. 9226)	Lambert, Thomas	( 469 ). HI NGES : Wire hinges to replace leather ones in horizontal pianos.
1842	(Eng. 9226)	Lambert, Thomas	( 689 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED Cabinet : leather hinges replaced with wire joints.
1842	(Eng. 9245)	Broadwood, Henry Fowler	( 573 ). NAME BOARD .
1842	(Eng. 9245)	Broadwood, Henry Fowler	( 713 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Schoolroom Pianoforte : Name board in two parts the lower part has a representation of the black and white keys together with the gamut and can be turned away by means of a spring leaving the maker's name only.
1842	(Eng. 9262)	Wornum, Robert	( 83 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1842	(Eng. 9262)	Wornum, Robert	( 280 ). DAMPERS .
1842	(Eng. 9262)	Wornum, Robert	( 445 ). HAMMERS Arrangement of .
1842	(Eng. 9362)	Stewart, James	( 470 ). HI NGES : For cover of a square piano.
1842	(Fr. 10,879)	Montal, Claude	( 118 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, square, upright]
1842	(Fr. 10,879)	Montal, Claude	( 317 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1842	(Fr. 7349)	Becker et Chemin	( 767 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Upright (Small size) : With appearance of a glass-cupboard and provided with a keyboard which on be pushed in and pulled out. Another keyboard could be added.
1842	(Fr. 8691)	Seytre, Claude-Felix	( 728 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES With Barrel Mechanism : 'Autopanphones'. See Book pp.281-282.
1842	(Fr. 8973)	Maroky, E.	( 711 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Piano -Orgue -Piano : 'Piano-Orge Expressif' (No description).
1842	(Fr. 8973)	Maroky, Etienne	( 743 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Organ : (No description).
1842	(Fr. 9165)	Jelmini, Joseph	( 155 ). AGRAFFE PIERCED STUD OR INVERTED BRIDGE .
1842	(Fr. Ist. add. Pat. to No. 12,079 (1841))	Madame Girard-Romagnac.	( 245 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1842	(Fr. 2nd. Add. Pat. to No. 9404(1838) )	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 1052 ). TUNING - Sourdine to facilitate : To raise or lower the complete set of strings at once by means of a pressure screw (vis de pression) and see other add. patents to this. See Book p. 217.
1842	(Ireland No. 9023)	Steward, John	( 357 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : Complete iron frame the upper part exposed to view. See Plate XV (Part II Section III). [also 355, 356]
1842	(Scottish Record Office Reference 10657/4)	Steward, John	( 356 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : also [355, 357]
1842	(Scottish Record Office Reference 10657/4)	Steward, John	( 696 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - [Euphonicon] : The [Euphonicon] not so named in the English Patent. See Book p. 257, fig 22 and p. 259 and Part II Section III Plate XV. [(Eng. 9023), (Ireland 9023) ]
1843	(Am. 2934)	Brown, Edward	( 121 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand]
1843	(Am. 3045)	Hews, G; March, Richard C; and Tileston, N.	( 122 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Square]
1843	(Am. 3045)	Hews, George; March, C; Tileston, N.	( 881 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : Secondary or sub-sounding board to be arranged below the ordinary one. Rectangular in shape and may have holes in it to allow the air to circulate freely. One or more sounding posts of the same wood as the upper board may be used to connect the two boards.
1843	(Am. 3238)	Chickering, Jonas	( 360 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Grand] See Book p. 205.
1843	(Eng. 9631)	Du Bochet, Henry	( 124 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Square]
1843	(Eng. 9631)	Du Bochet, Henry	( 318 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1843	(Eng. 9716)	Stewart, James & Lambert,Thomas	( 123 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Square, upright]
1843	(Eng. 9716)	Stewart, James and Lambert, Thomas	( 319 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1843	(Eng. 9716)	Stewart and Lambert	( 1065 ). UNDER HAMMER .
1843	(Fr. 12,340)	Erard, Pierre	( 321 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1843	(Fr. 12,340)	Erard, Pierre	( 588 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : For perfections to the escapemeni of pianos. Nothing further.
1843	(Fr. 12,372)	Herz, Henri	( 120 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand] To facilitate the execution of 'les trilles et les cadances'. (See p. 176 in Book).
1843	(Fr. 12,372)	Herz, Henri	( 201 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : (I)
1843	(Fr. 12,372)	Herz, Henri	( 212 ). BRACES Wooden : [Grand]
1843	(Fr. 12,372)	Herz, Henri	( 796 ). SOUND-BOARD - Above the strings .
1843	(Fr. 12,373)	D'Arusmont, Phiquepal	( 510 ). KEYBOARD Arrangement of .
1843	(Fr. 12,375)	Herz, Henri	( 234 ). CHECK .
1843	(Fr. 12,375)	Herz, Henri	( 281 ). DAMPERS .
1843	(Fr. 12,375)	Herz, Henri	( 937 ). STRINGING - Oblique or Diagonal : Shown applied to [Grand]
1843	(Fr. 12,376)	Le Bihan,	( 561 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : See Book pp. 290-91 and fig. 32 on previous page.
1843	(Fr. 7783)	Weber, George	( 84 ). ACTIONS : [Grand]
1843	(Fr. 7783)	Weber, Georges	( 233 ). CHECK .
1843	(Fr. 7783)	Weber, Georges	( 320 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1843	(Fr. 9541)	Boisselot et fils	( 246 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1843	(Fr. 9581)	Issauret, Marie Leroux, et Cie	( 121 ). ACTIONS Repetition : ([Grand, square]?)
1843	(Fr. Add. Pat. to 10,092)	Sulot, Nicolas	( 461 ). HAMMERS With double heads : See Book p. 189.
1844	(Am. 3403)	Ives, J. S.	( 1084 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins .
1844	(Am. 3504)	Gori, Ottoviano and Ernst, Philip	( 971 ). STRINGS - Glass strings or bars : Glass struck by hammer in like manner of a pianoforte separately or in conjunction with string notes.' The mode of suspending the glass notes by bearers or by strings or wires, in combination with teh mode of retaining such notes, in place by elastic glue when applied to a pianoforte with a downward action.
1844	(Am. 3548)	Coleman, Obed Mitchel	( 165 ). ATTACHMENT Aeolian Attachment .
1844	(Am. 3643)	Ricketts, Lovering	( 929 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : Strings not attached to pins, they are hooked on the end of metallic springs which project from the studs attached to the instruments. Object to keep the instrument in tune by the elasticity of the spring connection.
1844	(Aust. )	Bosendorfer, Ignaz	( 85 ). ACTIONS : ([Grand or square]?)
1844	(Bav. )	Then, Christian	( 1114 ). WREST PIN BLOCK With Bridge of Iron, Glass or Copper : Bridge of cast brass with small addition drilled with three holes for each set of strings which passing through this go upwards over the main bridge (all cast in one piece) to the Wrest pins. For upper treble strings downwards so far as required.
1844	(Belg. No. 2891, Order No. 2164, Index No. 2667)	Pape, Jean Henri	( 126 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Down-striking]
1844	(Belg. No. 2891, Order No. 2164, Index No. 2667)	Pape, Jean Henri	( 1060 ). TEMPERING STRINGS : Strings made of tempered steel or nickel silver (actually an alloy of copper, zinc and nickel) Pape states he is the first to employ these materialsl Use of only.
1844	(Belg. No. 2891, Order No. 2164, Index No. 2667)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 677 ). PIANO - Console : Console pianoforte. New arrangement of the case and action compas of 84i octaves. Iron frame. Two Wrest pin blocks one for the Bass stnngs and another for the upper strings. The strings are diagonally crossed. Soundboard behind the braces. Two actions: one for 5 1/2 upper octaves and the other for the Bass notes. The key works a shaft to operate this action. Figs. 1-4. Figs 5 and 6 show sliding attachments for covering the additional keys separately for those unused to so great a range of keys. Fig. 7. metal parts to be placed on the lowest strings of the Bass to make them deeper. Slots or holes have been made in these weights with a screw to fasten them to the strings. [...]
1844	(Belg. No. 2891, Order No. 2164, Index No. 2667)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 86 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1844	(Belg. No. 2891, Order No. 2164, Index No. 2667)	Pape, Jean Henri	( 283 ). DAMPERS : The shanks of the dampers are made of metal.
1844	(Belg. No. 2891, Order No. 2164, Index No. 2667)		( 780 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Various improvements in shape (misc) : Fig.13 External shape and casing for a grand pianoforte. Reduced in size. The lid is made of a very.thin panel of wood and is encircled by a solid frame
1844	(Belg. No. 2891, Order No. 2164, Index No. 2667)	Pape, Jean Henri	( 961 ). STRINGS - Clamped : Strings clamped. 'An essential factor in this system is the curve which the string assumes when the two parts are gripped together. This system is vitally necessary for strings made of tempered steel or nickel silver' [An alloy of copper, zinc and nickel].
1844	(Eng. 10,238)	Sautter, Charles Maurice Elizee	( 248 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1844	(Eng. 10,238)	Sautter, Charles Maurice Elizee	( 1003 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - repeating hammers on strings or springs : Can be played loud or softly and with the octave if desired (strings) (see Girard-Romagnac above. [1002: 1841 (Bav.)]
1844	(Eng. 10,341)	Coleman, Obed Mitchel	( 166 ). ATTACHMENT Aeolian Attachment : as above.
1844	(Eng. 10,385)	Hewitt, Daniel Chandler	( 247 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1844	(Eng. 10,385)	Hewitt, Daniei Chandler	( 290 ). DEAD DAMPER : 'A damper rail with a damper for each note to worked by a pedal or other convenient means so that the performer may damp all the strings at the same time without reference to the dampers put in motion by the keys.'
1844	(Eng. 10,385)	Hewitt, Daniel Chandler	( 524 ). KEYBOARD - Covers and falls .
1844	(Eng. 10,385)	Hewitt, Daniel Chandler	( 459 ). HAMMERS Striking simultaneously different parts of the strings .
1844	(Eng. 10,385)	Hewitt, Daniel Chandler	( 563 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : Additional keyboard see Pat. text pp. 6-7 and sheet 4 fig. 14.
1844	(Eng. 10,385)	Hewitt, Daniel Chandler	( 1127 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : 'Bent plates for receiving the turning screws' (Official Abridgment).
1844	(Eng. 10,430)	Mercier, Sebastian	( 562 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : On the same principle as that patented Le Bihan in France in 1843. The back parts of the keys move not the front parts (See Book p. 279).
1844	(Fr. 10,076)	Dubris, Louis-Alexandre	( 589 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : [No Description]
1844	(Fr. 10,092)	Bader, Francois-Xavier	( 462 ). HAMMERS With double heads : See Book p, 191.
1844	(Fr. 10,092)	Bader, Francois-Xavier	( 1014 ). STRINGS - Two Sets of Strings Struck by a Single Row Two-face Hammers .
1844	(Fr. 11,596)	Domeny, Louis-Joseph	( 156 ). AGRAFFE PIERCED STUD OR INVERTED BRIDGE .
1844	(Fr. 311)	Coleman, Obed Mitchel	( 167 ). ATTACHMENT Aeolian Attachment .
1844	(Fr. 313 Second add. Pat. 1845)	Pape	( 284 ). DAMPERS .
1844	(Fr. 313)	Pape	( 436 ). HAMMERHEADS Set (of heads): Felt and Leather Material for Hammer Heads made Mechanically .
1844	(Fr. 3rd. Add. Pat. to No. 10,599 (1836))	Lepere of Paris	( 656 ). PEDALS & STOPS Swell : See Book p. 149.
1844	(Fr. 3rd. Add. Pat. to No. 10,599 (1836))	Lepere, Jean-Baptiste	( 882 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : Two sound boards shown in an upright piano. These boards are connected by one or more 'arnes'. The bottom of the piano being closed the sound is pent up in the lower cavity between the boards and passing through gap is driven up behind the second sound board to a door or opening at the back of the piano which can be opened or closed by means of a pedal to augment or diminish the sound.
1844	(Fr. 7985)	Avisseau Freres	( 815 ). SOUND-BOARD -Bridge on the : With sound board bridge inclined and the wrest pin bridge [silletj in wood or metal partly suspended. Sound board enlarged. After lengths of the strings done away with and with Hitch pin plate in metal.
1844	(Fr. 7985)	Avisseau Freres	( 946 ). STRINGS - After lengths shortened : After lengths shortened by a metal(sommierr Hitch pin block. Pianoforte of 7 octaves and three notes.
1844	(Fr. 8205)	Guerin, Edouard	( 1044 ). TUNING Hammers : Mechanical with gearing.
1844	(Fr. 8206)	Guerin, Edouard	( 160 ). APPARATUS Stenographical : 'Pianographe'.
1844	(Fr. 8219)	Daniel, Jean-Edouard	( 127 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright] 'Tape-check`action.
1844	(Fr. 8219)	Daniel, Jean-Edouard	( 454 ). HAMMERS Striking the strings against their bearings .
1844	(Fr. 8219)	Daniel, Jean-Edward	( 478 ). HITCH PINS Substitutes for : Replaced by pullies or wheels [roulettes] and stopped at the other end by a single pin on the wooden block pierced with two holes for the two extremities of the strings by which equality of tension is obtained.
1844	(Fr. 8219)	Daniel, Jean-Edouard	( 955 ). STRINGS - Attaching to the Hitch Pins : [Grand]. Hitch pins replaced by pulleys or small wheels (roulettes) fixed to the iron Hitch pin block. The single string forming two unison notes is secured to the Wrest pins which are drilled with two holes to receive the two ends of the string.
1844	(Fr. 8219)	Daniel, Jean-Edouard	( 1027 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : Adjustable weight on the top of the key towards the end of the key by which the touch is made heavier or lighter.
1844	(Fr. 8292)	Martin, Jean-Gregoire-Casimir	( 684 ). PIANO - Secretaire : An upright piano in which the keyboard f`olds up and a flap pulls out to serve as a writing table. Ink and powder are provided and also a recess for paper.
1844	(Fr. 9775)	Rohden, Ferdinand	( 282 ). DAMPERS .
1844	(Fr. 9775)	Rohden, F.	( 398 ). HAMMER Fourches .
1844	(Fr. 9785)	Avisseau freres	( 490 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Metal]
1844	(Fr. 9785)	Avisseau freres	( 825 ). SOUND-BOARD -Enlarged : [Upright]. A new arrangement for upright pianofortes to allow the sound board to be enlarged. See also under STRINGS After lengths shortened.
1844	(Fr. 9788)	Pleyel et Cie	( 249 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1844	(Fr. 9935)	Kriegelstein, Jean-Georges	( 125 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, square], 'Pour un nouveau mechanisme de piano a double echappement'.
1844	(Fr. 9935)	Kriegelstein, Jean-Georges	( 503 ). KEY-PIVOTS OR MORTISES : See Book p. 175.
1844	(Fr. Ist. add. Pat. No. 11,070 (1840) p. 381 of Pat.)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 1083 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins : 'Cheville Volfel'.
1844	(Lower Canada No. 71)	Milligan, George	( 361 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : (-)
1845	(Am. 3888)	Walker, Lesley	( 625 ). PEDALS & STOPS Harmonic Sounds : See Book p. 147.
1845	(Am. 3940)	Rueckert, Louis	( 956 ). STRINGS - Attaching to the Wrest Pins : Fastening the strings to the shorter end of an elbow lever, the extremity of the longer arm has a perforation or slot through which a thumbscrew passes the lower extremity of this screw passes through a plate on the turning block by which means the instrument may easily be tuned.
1845	(Am. 3940)	Rueckert, Louis	( 1087 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins .
1845	(Am. 4019)	Oliver, Charles and Jackson, G.W.	( 251 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1845	(Am. 4019)	Oliver & Jackson	( 431 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for : Making the part of the hammer which strikes the supplementary string harder than the other surface which strikes the ordinary strings by using one thickness of leather for the higher or supplementary strings and two thicknesses of leather for the ordinary ones.
1845	(Am. 4019)	Oliver, Charles and Jackson, G. W.	( 416 ). HAMMERHEADS Arrangement of : In a pianoforte with supplementary strings an octave higher struck by the same hammer, the pad of the hammer head is made of different degrees of elasticity, or harder in that part of it where it strikes the supplementary string than it is on the part which strikes the other strings.
1845	(Am. 4019)	Oliver & Jackson	( 634 ). PEDALS & STOPS Octave Stop (See COUPLERS) : Adding supplementary string tuned to an octave or other pitch [above] along side the other strings, to be struck by a hammer broad enough to strike both sets, also of different degress of elasticity for the different strings. The higher strings have a separate bridge. [...]
1845	(Am. 4082)	Draper, Simon	( 252 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) : Octave below.
1845	(Am. 4109)	Warren, Samuel	( 250 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1845	(Am. 4210)	Horst, Charles	( 169 ). ATTACHMENT Aeolian Attachment .
1845	(Am. 4241)	(Badlain -)	( 657 ). PEDALS & STOPS Swell : See Book p. i49.
1845	(Am. 4282)	Senior, William F.	( 211 ). BRACES Wooden : [Square]
1845	(Bav. )	Baumgartner, J. und Schwarz, J.	( 1062 ). TEMPERING STRINGS : Patent granted to the above for making excellent iron and brass wire strings of any thickness desired.
1845	(Bav. )	Mayer, J.	( 1118 ). WREST PIN BLOCK With Harmonic or Pressure Bar : His 'Klangmaschine'.
1845	(Eng. 10,589)	Rand, John	( 168 ). ATTACHMENT Aeolian Attachment .
1845	(Eng. 10,592)	Hattersley, William	( 381 ). FRAME Compensation Frames, Tubes & Bars : [Grand, square, upright] 'Metallic elastic trusses'.
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, John Henry	( 87 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 415 ). HAMMERHEADS Arrangement of : See Book p. 192. Fig. 18.
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 447 ). HAMMERS Arrangement of .
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, John Henry	( 678 ). PIANO - Console .
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, John Henry	( 829 ). SOUND-BOARD -With Harmonic Rods : see Book p. 196.
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 962 ). STRINGS - Clamped : The word 'clamped' not used but apparently that is the case.
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 964 ). STRINGS - Electroplated with Gold, Silver, Platina, Zinc or `wrapped in platina wire (See Book pp. 185, 192-3, 261) : Strings of tempered steel Ore prefers spring temper) and German silver strings.
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 974 ). STRINGS - Four, Five, and Six Strings Forming a Note (See also under UNA CORDA and POLYCHORDA) : Six strings to a note)(See Book p. 1
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, John Henry	( 1061 ). TEMPERING STRINGS : Tempered steel (spring temper) German silver for the use of which he claims the exclusive right. Use of only.
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, John Henry	( 1097 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning .
1845	(Eng. 10,668)	Pape, Henry	( 1128 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : Covered by metal plate,
1845	(Eng. 10,868)	Walker, Edward Lesley	( 590 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : [No specification enrolled]
1845	(Eng. 10,897)	Nichels, Benjamin	( 88 ). ACTIONS : See Book p. 107. The upright action has a coiled spring in place of the tape in an action on the principle of the tape-check action.
1845	(Eng. 10,897)	Nichels, Benjamin	( 424 ). HAMMERHEADS Formed of Felted Cord .
1845	(Eng. 10,897)	Nickels, Benjamin	( 446 ). HAMMERS Arrangement of .
1845	(Eng. 10,897)	Nickels, Benjamin	( 598 ). PEDALLIER : See Book p. 185 and 276.
1845	(Eng. 10,897)	Nichels, Benjamin	( 691 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Double Royal Grand : See Book pp. 107-8.
1845	(Eng. 10,897)	Nickels, Benjamin	( 891 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two in Connection with Two sets of Strings : Two sounding boards combined with two sets of strings. Two actions put in motion by one or two sets of keys being the combination of an upright with a horizontal pianoforte.
1845	(Eng. 10,897)	Nickels, Benjamin	( 958 ). STRINGS - Bound with Gutta-percha or India-rubber .
1845	(Eng. 10,897)	Nickels, Benjamin	( 1098 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning .
1845	(Eng. 10,937)	Cromwell, Samuel Thomas	( 627 ). PEDALS & STOPS Harmonic Sounds : See Book p. 147. See also 1846 (Fr. 2129)…
1845	(Eng. 10.668)	Pape, John Henry	( 128 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Down-striking]
1845	(Fr. 10,592)	Hattersley, William	( 380 ). FRAME Compensation Frames, Tubes & Bars : [Grand, square, upright] 'Traction elastique'. Vertical metal rods pass through a metal plate and are provided with nuts which can be tightened or loosened according to necessity to counteract the strain of the strings on the case. 'Metallic Elastic Trusses'.
1845	(Fr. 313 (1844) Ist add. Pat.)	[Pape]	( 679 ). PIANO - Console : Console.
1845	(Fr. 313 (1844) Second add. Pat.)	Pape, [Henri]	( 129 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Down-striking]
1845	(Lower Canada No. 78)	Warren, Samuel R.	( 626 ). PEDALS & STOPS Harmonic Sounds : See Book p. 147.
1845	(Scottish Record Office Reference 10657).	Addison, Robert.	( 564 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : Transposing mechanism on the same principle of that of Mercier. See Book p. 279.
1846	(Add. Pat. dated 1849 to Fr. No. 2114(1846))	Domeny	( 853 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : The additional patent of 1849 is the final answer to the inventors problem of how to counteract the strain of the strings in pianos. Bars of spruce or fir carry the Wrest pin block, Hitch pin block and the sound board. The Wrest pin block is also supported by an iron plate and also the Hitch pinblock. The iron plate of the Wrest pin block carries a bolt which fixes a metal band attached to both blocks below the spruce bars. A small block is fixed below in the middle of the spruce bars which has two small iron plates which have bolts whose pressure entering the spruce bars strengthens or assists the countertension required.
1846	(Am. 4612)	Phillio, L.	( 322 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1846	(Am. 4832)	Schriber, John	( 826 ). SOUND-BOARD -Formed in 'Waving Serpentine Lines .
1846	(Am. 4832)	Schriber, John	( 957 ). STRINGS - Attaching to the Wrest Pins : The strings attached to turning pin [Wrest pins] below a concave plank. The strings drawn out of the straight line into the cavity in the underside of the wrest plank.
1846	(Am. 4832)	Schriber, John	( 1112 ). WREST PIN BLOCK With Bridge of Iron, Glass or Copper : Cast iron ribbed plate made adjustable for giving the proper tension to the strings which are apparently attached to pins below the concave wrest plank.
1846	(Eng. 11,180)	Mott, Isaac Henry Robert	( 362 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Upright]
1846	(Eng. 11,180)	Mott, Isaac, Henry Robert	( 382 ). FRAME Compensation Frames, Tubes & Bars : [Upright].Compensation frame with solid bars of the same metal as the strings below them.
1846	(Eng. 11,180)	Mott, Isaac Henry Robert	( 965 ). STRINGS - Electroplated with Gold, Silver, Platina, Zinc or `wrapped in platina wire (See Book pp. 185, 192-3, 261) : Electroplated with gold, silver, platina, zinc or any other suitable metals.
1846	(Eng. 11,242)	Burkinyoung, Frederick Handel	( 131 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Down-striking] Second action pi, 2 can by means of two springs be kept in a position for constant repetition.
1846	(Eng. 11,242)	Burkinyoung, Frederick Handel	( 455 ). HAMMERS Striking the strings against their bearings : [Down-striking]
1846	(Eng. 11,242)	Burkinyoung, Frederick Handel	( 851 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : 'Harmonic String Board' affixed to the sound board and case df a pianoforte. The strings are to be fixed to the'Harmonic string board' either to the string board only or to the string board and sounding board conjointly. The 'Harmonic String Board' can be made of oak, mahogany, or deal, or any other wood suited to the purpose and should be one inch more in thickness. The Wrest plank bridge is to be placed in the position usually occupied by that bridge. The other bridge at the other end of the string may be made of brass studs driven into the board. Neither bridge need extend one tenth of an inch in height, as the nearer the strings are to the board the less their tendency to bend it. Means of strengthening the board and attaching it also to the sound board below are given in detail. See also [Fr. 2105].
1846	(Eng. 11,242)	Burkinyoung, Frederick Handel	( 885 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : 'Harmonic String Board' to which the strings are to be attached with a sound-board below.
1846	(Eng. 11,242)	Burkinyoung, Frederick Handel	( 1100 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning : and [Fr. 2105]
1846	(Eng. 11,261)	Storer, Joseph	( 543 ). KEYS Coverings for: Various : 'Glass or vitrined coverings'
1846	(Eng. 11,261)	Storer, Joseph	( 567 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : key ,oard placed above the ordinary one.
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 202 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand, square, upright]
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 285 ). DAMPERS .
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 323 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 570 ). MOUNTED ON A STAND OR PLATFORM : The stand enables the singer to be seen.
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 572 ). MOVABLE KEY-BED : for Inserting crrIerent actions.
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 930 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : Plates and springs to equalize the tension. See also [Fr. 2889]
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Wolley, Thomas	( 132b ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright]
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 417 ). HAMMERHEADS Arrangement of : See Book p. 182.
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 505 ). KEY-PIVOTS OR MORTISES : Spring axes made of thin metal plates instead of hinges or other centres of motions (see figs. 19, 20). These plates must be coated or plated to prevent oxidation.
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 566 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : Also 1847 (Fr. 2887) Woolley, Thomas [7 (11) 46 Plts. 8, 9] also 1847 (Belg. No. (?). Order No. 2881. Index No. 4176) [3c] Woolley, Thomas (See Book p. 279 and fig. 31).
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 807 ). SOUND-BOARD -Arrangement of Various : Instead of the sound-board bridge being glued to the board it is bolted to it and does not touch the board except where bolted.
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 849 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : [Upright]. Two sound boards opposite one another kept bellied by means of rods which pass through plate drilled to receive the top and bottom ends of them. The rods are tapped to receive nuts. By tightening the nuts the plates are forced down onto the tops of teh sound boards and cause them to bulge out. Also [Fr. 2889].
1846	(Eng. 11,285)	Woolley, Thomas	( 883 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : and [Fr. 2889]
1846	(Eng. 11,359)	Debain, Alexander	( 720 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES Antiphonal (mechanical piano) : The 'Antiphonal' See Book p. 282.
1846	(Eng. 11,359)	Debain, Alexander	( 735 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Harmonium : When applied to a piano there is a second key frame. The player pumps in air working his knees sideways to free his feet for the piano pedals. The sounds are produced by vibrating spring reeds and sound like a Seraphine.
1846	(Fr. 1539)	Violet	( 504 ). KEY-PIVOTS OR MORTISES .
1846	(Fr. 1624)	Dreschke, Theophile-Auguste	( 511 ). KEYBOARD Arrangement of : Also 1846 (Eng. 11,320) Dreschke, Theophile Augusts [9 p. 157].
1846	(Fr. 1729)	Percher	( 544 ). KEYS Coverings for: Various : Crystal and enamel.
1846	(Fr. 1888)	Montal, Claude	( 568 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : Various means of adapting a transposing mechanism to an instrument with an English upright tape-check action or an upright action of the Roller type. See also Metagofano invented by Trentin.
1846	(Fr. 1891)	La Dame Alliarme	( 932 ). STRINGING - Equal tension : Three patents involved here (1) 25 March 1846 (2) Ist mars 1848 (3) 17 September 1849 described here. Springs levers and wheels are used here to keep the strings in tune.
1846	(Fr. 1955)	Aury	( 286 ). DAMPERS .
1846	(Fr. 1955)	Aury	( 324 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1846	(Fr. 1955)	Aury	( 479 ). HITCH PINS Substitutes for : Bar which is hooked to pin block and has the ends of the strings attached to it.
1846	(Fr. 1955)	Aury	( 947 ). STRINGS - After lengths shortened : A rod with a curved end is secured to the bass block (presumably the Hitch pin block) by its curved end. At the other end are agrafed two strings to hooks and one to the centre of the rod. By this means the strings are shortened and are distanced from the bridge 0m,02. The flatness gives flexibility to the soundboard and makes it more sensitive to the vibrations of the strings. The strings being shortened are less subject to the influence of atmosphere.
1846	(Fr. 2095)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 132 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright]
1846	(Fr. 2095)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 132a ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright]
1846	(Fr. 2095)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 620 ). PEDALS & STOPS Fortissimo to Pianissimo and the reverse by means of a Pedal : To grade the sound from fortissimo to pianissimo and back again without altering the touch on the keys, by means of a pedal.' This is effected by a rod operated by a pedal which shortens or lengthens the distance of the hammer head from the strings. [...]
1846	(Fr. 2095)	Wolfel, Charles-Francois	( 1085 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins .
1846	(Fr. 2105)	Burkinyoung, Frederick Handel	( 456 ). HAMMERS Striking the strings against their bearings .
1846	(Fr. 2105)	Burkinyoung, Frederick Handel	( 852 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain .
1846	(Fr. 2105)	Burkinyoung, F. H.	( 1101 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning .
1846	(Fr. 2105)	Burkinyoung, Frederick Handel	( 886 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : Without drawings. See SOUNDBOARDS, Relieving from strain.
1846	(Fr. 2311)	Soudet	( 253 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1846	(Fr. 2311)	Soudet	( 635 ). PEDALS & STOPS Pedale de Melodie : Doubles (at the octave) the melody. Pedal to bring Levers to bear upon the soundboard bridge
1846	(Fr. 2311)	Soudet	( 649 ). PEDALS & STOPS [Polychorda] more than three strings to a note : 'Pedale de Melodie. See Book p. 148.
1846	(Fr. 2348)	Huttner	( 287 ). DAMPERS .
1846	(Fr. 2348)	Hultner -	( 399 ). HAMMER Fourches .
1846	(Fr. 2420)	Bord, Antoine-Jean-Denis	( 133 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand]
1846	(Fr. 2604)	Kriegelstein	( 130 ). ACTIONS Repetition .
1846	(Fr. 2627)	Van Overbergh	( 363 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Upright]
1846	(Fr. 2627)	Van Overbergh	( 618 ). PEDALS & STOPS Forte : Openings at the top of an upright piano left open or closed according to the intensity of sound required. The cover is [operated by a pedal]. The openings are seven and are placed between two sound boards. Can be applied to various types of pianofortes.
1846	(Fr. 2627)	Van Overbergh	( 854 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : (Add. Pat. to No. 1846 dated 27 Jan. 1849) Iron frame with metal bars which can be tightened or relaxed according to requirement since they pass through plates of iron and at the bottom of the instrument. The bars are tapped to receive nuts which can be tightened or loosened. The upper postions of the bars also rest on and through a metal plate. [...]
1846	(Fr. 2627)	Van Overbergh	( 887 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : (Add. pat. of 27 Jan. 1849 to the patent of i 846)
1846	(Fr. 2744)	Jaulin	( 710 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Piano -Orgue -Piano : 'Aanorgue-piano'. See Book p. 95 Note i.
1846	(Fr. 2744)	Jaulin	( 733 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Freed Reed Wind Instrument .
1846	(Fr. 9192)	Acklin, -	( 731 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES - Plays Tune from Pierced Paper Prepared by Yourself : Plays your tune from pierced paper prepared by yourself.
1847	(Am. 4948)	Coburn, M.	( 170 ). ATTACHMENT Aeolian Attachment : Claimed to have been invented prior to Coleman's Attachment according to 'Journal of the Franklin Institute
1847	(Am. 5086)	Loud, Thomas	( 89 ). ACTIONS : [Grand]
1847	(Am. 5202)	Gilbert, Timothy	( 364 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Grand]
1847	(Am. 5216)	Gilbert, Timothy	( 235 ). CHECK .
1847	(Am. 6636)	Niles, P. H.	( 547 ). LOCK FOR A PIANOFORTE : 'Eccentric Piano-Lock.'
1847	(Am. 6889)	Swan, Richard	( 899 ). SOUND-BOARD - With sounding bodies and forte or other holes See also Soundboards with harmonic rods, Lidel, Greiner. : A sounding case attached. See Book p. 270.
1847	(Belg. No. 3920, Order No. 2888. Index No. 4354)	Florence, J.	( 134 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright]
1847	(Belg. No. 4047. Order No. 2901, Index No. 4558)	Vogelsangs, Jean Francois.	( 918 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle .
1847	(Belg. No. 4155, Order No. 2906. Index No. 4695)	Vogelsangs, J. F.	( 411 ). HAMMER Hingeing to hammer rail .
1847	(Belg. No. 4155. Order No. 2906. Index No. 4695).	Vogelsangs, J. F.	( 400 ). HAMMER Fourches .
1847	(Eng. 11,285)	Spear, John	( 569 ). METAL LINED : Smooth sheet metal lining for better clearness of sound, for the interior of the case of the pianoforte.
1847	(Eng. 11,285)	Spear, John	( 658 ). PEDALS & STOPS Swell : Has swell boards which can be opened or closed by means of two pedals one for the lower half and the other for the upper part of the pianofbrte. The inner sides of the boards should be lined with sheet metal.
1847	(Eng. 11,681)	Spear, John	( 494 ). INDIA-RUBBER (used in the action) .
1847	(Eng. 11,681)	Spear, John	( 546 ). KEYS WITH ELASTIC AIR-BED UNDERNEATH TO PREVENT RATTLING : Air pumped into space beneath the key-board and communicating air into a rubber tube under the lore part of the keys the pressure of which may be regulated. (Fig. 3).
1847	(Eng. 11,681)	Spear, John	( 788 ). REFLECTOR (To Enable the Performer to See Both the Music and the Keyboard) .
1847	(Eng. 11,681)	Spear, John	( 571 ). MOUNTED ON A STAND OR PLATFORM : The Platfdrm is to act as a second soundboard, and is provided with a damping apparatus worked by a pedal.
1847	(Eng. 11,681)	Spear, John	( 817 ). SOUND-BOARD - Combined with Pedal damping apparatus. : On a platform acting as an additionl sound board which can be damped by means of a pedal.
1847	(Fr. 2751)	De Rhoden	( 397 ). HAMMER Fourches .
1847	(Fr. 2889)	Woolley, Thomas	( 850 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain .
1847	(Fr. 2889)	Woolley, Thomas	( 884 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : See under SOUNDBOARD, Relieving from strain.
1847	(Fr. 2889)	Wooley de Nottingham, (Angleterre)	( 931 ). STRINGING - Equal tension .
1847	(Fr. 2946)	Zeiger	( 254 ). COUPLERS (Octave etc.) .
1847	(Fr. 3340)	Sulot, Nicolas	( 463 ). HAMMERS With double heads : See Book p. 189.
1847	(Fr. 3340)	Sulot, Nicolas	( 467 ). HAMMERS Two hammers striking two sets of strings : A double set of strings struck by a single double headed hammer. No further description.
1847	(Fr. 3340)	Sulot, Nicolas	( 1013 ). STRINGS - Two Sets of Strings Struck by a Single Row Two-face Hammers : (See p. 189).
1847	(Fr. 3569)	Papelard	( 786 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Springs instead of strings : For a piano without strings. Iron springs (ames en fer) are used in place of them.
1847	(Fr. 3569)	Papelard	( 1011 ). STRINGS - Other Substitutes for Strings : Thin metal plates as notes.
1847	(Fr. 3577)	Nunns et Fischer	( 708 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - 'Melodicon with Drums' : See Book p. 141 and fig. 16.
1848	(Am. 5438)	Nutting, Rufus	( 744 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Organ : linprovements in organ pianofortes.
1848	(Am. 5631)	Schomacher, J. H.	( 215 ). CANDLESTICKS .
1848	(Am. 5631)	Schomacher, J. H.	( 1113 ). WREST PIN BLOCK With Bridge of Iron, Glass or Copper : Metallic plate with grooves on the edge through which the pins to which the strings are introduced by holes
1848	(Am. 5631)	Schomacher, J. H.	( 870 ). SOUND-BOARD - Supported or Braced .
1848	(Am. 5985)	Low, John H.	( 137 ). ACTIONS Repetition : This action according to the inventor possesses the rapid repetition of the French grand action (in its numerous forms). It unjacks about a quarter of an inch from the string; while the English unjacks close to the string. 'Thereby adapting the French action to a brilliant style of music ; such as symphonies, overtures, fantasias, etc ; and the English to a pensive style, such as andantes, adagios and music to be performed in a lagarto manner. This invention is believed to unite in a striking manner both of the obove requisites.'
1848	(Am. 5985)	Low, J. H.	( 388 ). HAMMER Butts .
1848	(Am. 5990)	Wise, J. J.	( 236 ). CHECK : Check is attached to the under hammer which is lengthened beyond the hammer to receive it.
1848	(Am. 5990)	Wise, J. J.	( 1028 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : A rail with springs has its centres of movement in the two cheeks of the case. Levers projecting from this bar adjust the force of the springs onto the key.
1848	(Am. 8350)	Kreter, R	( 387 ). HAMMER Butts .
1848	(Belg. No. 4318. Order No. 3827. Index No. 5020).	Sax, J. E.	( 857 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : On the same principle as Robertson below with an undivided sound board of a divided one. Also: [Fr. 6358]
1848	(Belg. No. 4398 Order No. 3831. Index No. 5237)	Gunther, Jacob	( 491 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : Steel plate.
1848	(Belg. No. 4398, Order No. 3831 Index No. 5287)	Gunther, Jacob.	( 1129 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : Covered with a steel plate.
1848	(Belg. No. 4398. Order No. 3831. Index No. 5237)	Gunther, Jacob	( 365 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Upright]
1848	(Belg. No. 4398. Order No. 3831. Index No. 5237)	Gunther, Jacob	( 367 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Grand, upright]
1848	(Belg. No. 4448. Order No. 3836. Index No. 5374)	Mercier, Honore	( 90 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking]
1848	(Belg. No. 4484, Order No. 3838, Index No. 5470)	Alundigo, G. H.	( 135 ). ACTIONS Repetition : To make 'les tremoli et les cadances'.
1848	(Belg. No. 4795. Order No. 3862. Index No. 6201)	Van Heyfte, Brunon.	( 368 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : Supplementary Patent to the above (31 July 1849). [367]
1848	(Eng. 12,018)	Montgomery, James	( 591 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : [No specification enrolled]
1848	(Eng. 12,229)	Mackenzie, Duncan	( 722 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES - Jacquard Machinery (Parts of which are applicable to Mechanical piano-fortes) : also [(Ireland No. 749)]
1848	(Eng. 12,307)	Dawson, Charles	( 162 ). APPARATUS Stenographical : To prevent the sounding of misfingered notes
1848	(Eng. 12,307)	Dawson, Charles	( 163 ). APPARATUS Stenographical .
1848	(Fr. 3521)	Herding	( 366 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : (-)
1848	(Fr. 3521)	Herding	( 769 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Nearly all parts in Iron or other metal : A piano in which almost all parts are in iron, that metal replacing the wood.
1848	(Fr. 3521)	Herding	( 832 ). SOUND-BOARD - in Metal : Almost all part in ironthat metal replacing wood. (Sound board not menhoned).
1848	(Fr. 3711)	Montal, Claude	( 136 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, upright] Some with 'Tape-check'. JC
1848	(Fr. 3711)	Montal, Claude	( 203 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand, square, upright] Figs. 1, 13, 16, 17 showing bars bolted together which could be tightened or loosened & pi. XXXIII Figs. 1,4, 5.
1848	(Fr. 3711)	Montal, Claude	( 704 ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Grand : Grand pianoforte pivoted on either side so that when the lid is removed it can be tipped up to replace a broken string pi. 32 fig. 2.
1848	(Fr. 3711)	Montal, Claude	( 797 ). SOUND-BOARD - Above the strings : Soundboard above the stringshammers striking from below upwards. Replacing a string made easy since the grand piano is pivoted and, when the lid is removed can be tipped up and down to replace broken strings. [...]
1848	(Fr. 3711)	Montal, Claude	( 855 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : Various ways of counterating the strain of the strings on upright and grand pianofortes by wooden braces [Arc-boutants] over which are placed metal rods joined by a screw with a left hand thread by which the rods can be tightened or loosened.
1848	(Fr. 3711)	Montal, Claude	( 938 ). STRINGING - Oblique or Diagonal : [Upright]
1848	(Fr. 3711)	Montal, Claude	( 941 ). STRINGING - Vertical or Perpendicular : [Upright]
1848	(Fr. 3711)	Montal (Claude)	( 457 ). HAMMERS Striking the strings against their bearings : Hammers strike the strings from below against their bearings.
1848	(Fr. 3757)	Fortin-Bouteiller	( 548 ). MACHINE FOR MAKING FELT FOR PIANOFORTES .
1848	(Fr. 3857)	Van Gils	( 432 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for : India rubber for heads.
1848	(Fr. 3857)	Van Gils	( 495 ). INDIA-RUBBER (used in the action) .
1848	(Fr. 4068)	Debain, Alexandre	( 721 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES Antiphonal (mechanical piano) : Improvements to the above. See Book p. 282.
1848	(Fr. 313 (1844) Third add. Pat.)	Pape	( 91 ). ACTIONS : [Down-striking] The hammer passes through an aperture in the key to the string. The sides of the aperture are strengthened with sheets of copper on each side. (See reference to this action on page 4 of his English pat. No. 13, 423 of 1850
1848	(Fr. 313 (1844) 3rd. add. Pat.)	Pape	( 204 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand, square, upright]
1848	(Ireland No. 749)	Mackenzie, Duncan	( 723 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES - Jacquard Machinery (Parts of which are applicable to Mechanical piano-fortes) : See Book p. 282.
1849	(Am. 6223)	Gray, J. A.	( 173 ). ATTACHMENT Dolce Compana .
1849	(Am. 6223)	Gray, J. A.	( 610 ). PEDALS & STOPS Dolce Compana : See Book p. 147.
1849	(Am. 6282)	Meyer, Conrad	( 659 ). PEDALS & STOPS Swell : For lifting the top of pianofortes to allow a free escape of sound.
1849	(Am. 6342)	Hoist, Charles	( 369 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Square]
1849	(Bav. )	Flamm, P.	( 161 ). APPARATUS Stenographical : To enable the performer to sound two or more notes at the same time
1849	(Belg. 4969, Order No. 3873;Index No. 6699)	Faurille, J.B.	( 92 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1849	(Belg. No. 4795. Order No. 3862. Index No. 6201)	Van Heyfte, Brunon	( 1063 ). TO PREVENT VIBRATION OR ECHO OF THE SOUND : This patent which is to counteract the effect of the atmosphere on the piano contains an apparatus to prevent vibration or echo. (D in the diagram).
1849	(Belg. No. 4795, Order No. 3862, Index No. 6201)	Van Heyfte, Brunon	( 1130 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : Supplement to his patent of 27 June 1849. Cast iron with wood underneath.
1849	(Belg. No. 5000. Order No. 3875, lndex No. 6396)	Vandercruyssen, F. E.	( 530 ). KEYBOARD - Two keyboards : For a piano with two keyboards one above the other. At each end of these keyboards is placed the gearing (a torthal wheel moving in a rack) by which the keyboards move. By means of a steel shaft one can move the crank. The upper keyboard on be moved to the left [as seen in the diagram edgeways] six centimeters and the movement of the lower keyboard moves inversely six centimenters. Otherwise hte instrument is the same as other pianos. The horizontal projections are of the scale of 40/100 .. meters and the cross section 20/100 .. meters. [The purpose of the two keyboards is note explained]. Addition patent of 1850 (Bel. No. 5176) improvements to the former. It is stated here that teh Keys are covered in copper sheeting!
1849	(Eng. 12,421)	Martin, William	( 724 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES - Jacquard Machinery (Parts of which are applicable to Mechanical piano-fortes) : and [(Ireland No. 12,421)]
1849	(Eng. 12,609)	Parker, William Phillips	( 172 ). ATTACHMENT Dolce Compana : Not named 'Dolce Compana' in the Patent (see book pp. 129 and 130 fis· 10).
1849	(Eng. 12,609)	Parker, William Phillips	( 611 ). PEDALS & STOPS Dolce Compana : See book pp.129, 130 fig 10 and 131 and 147
1849	(Fr. 2nd. add. Pat. to No. 3711 (1848))	Montal, Claude	( 288 ). DAMPERS .
1849	(Fr. 4298)	Larroque	( 745 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Organ : For organ pipes in an upright piano.
1849	(Fr. 4325)	Scholtus	( 383 ). FRAME Compensation Frames, Tubes & Bars : [Upright] Bars of Iron and copper. Means of tightening some of the bars to compensate the effects of the atmosphere on the pitch of the pianoforte.
1849	(Fr. 4940)	Roeder	( 994 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - flapping the string with leather or cloth : See Book p. 98.
1849	(Fr. Ist add. Pat. to No. 3821 (1848))	Rogez	( 496 ). INDIA-RUBBER (used in the action) .
1849	(Ireland No. 12,421)	Martin, William	( 725 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES - Jacquard Machinery (Parts of which are applicable to Mechanical piano-fortes) : See Book p. 282.
1850	(Am. 7292)	Ruck, J.	( 326 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1850	(Am. 7441)	Gilbert, Lemuel	( 237 ). CHECK .
1850	(Am. 7441)	Gilbert, Lemuel	( 325 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1850	(Am. 7441)	Gilbert, Lemuel	( 370 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Upright]
1850	(Am. 7494)	Mayer, Conrad	( 816 ). SOUND-BOARD -Bridge on the : Supporting the bridge (on which the strings rest) upon a thin auxiliary piece of board secured over an opening formed in the ordinary sounding board.
1850	(Am. 7568)	Pirsson, J.	( 693a ). PIANOFORTE NAMED - Duoclave .
1850	(Bav. )	Kohnle, J.	( 592 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : For the Invention and improvements concerning keyboards and actions of pianofortes and grand pianofortes.
1850	(Belg. Add. patent dated 3rd April, 1850. )	Lacroix, Mathieu	( 358 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : The little soundboard with a metal plate and bridge is attached to the frame above the large soundboard over the bass.
1850	(Belg. No. 5000. Order No. 3875,lndex No. 6396)	Vandercruyssen, F. E.	( 530 ). KEYBOARD - Two keyboards : Addition patent al 1850 (Bel. No. 5176)
1850	(Belg. No. 5123. Order No. 3883. Index No. 7046)	Aerts, F. G.	( 139 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright]
1850	(Belg. No. 5224. Order No. 3890. Index No. 7016)	Lacroix, M.	( 888 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two or more in connection with one set of strings : Additional to this pat. 3rd. April 1850: The little sound board formerly of wood for the Bass part of the piano is now formed with a plate of cast iron as well as the bridge on it and is placed over the large sound board attached to the metal frame.
1850	(Belg. No. 5224. Order No. 3890. Index. No.7016)	Lacroix, M.	( 808 ). SOUND-BOARD - Arrangement of Various : Improvements relating to his patent of 8th December 1842. He has already patented an iron frame but has found that the temperature effects the 'little sound board' (La petit table d'harmonie) which is still made of wood and placed in the lower part of the piano above the large sound board. He remedies this by making this little sound board and the bridge on it in one piece of iron. The little sound board is for the lower notes only.
1850	(Belg. No. 5317. Index. No. 7B)	Crots, J. N.	( 859 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : To prevent strain on the body by a counterstrain formed by upright beams grooved to receive metal bars which pass through plates at the top and bottom of this upright instrument. These bars are provided with nuts at the top and the bottom. Another wooden beam of hard wood placed along the inner sides of the upright beams push the iron bars outward in the middle towards the back of the case.
1850	(Belg. No. 5317. Order No. 3895, Index No. 7B)	Crots, J. N.	( 205 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Upright]
1850	(Belg. No. 5317. Order No. 3895. Index No. 7B)	Crots, J. N.	( 140 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright]
1850	(Belg. No. 5744. Order No. 5237, Index No. 143)	Fieret, N.	( 1086 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins : Mechanical Wrest pins for every string.
1850	(Eng. 13,221)	Cadby, Charles	( 856 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : The bridge on the sound board is made a liitle higher than usual and is glued to the soundboardas usual. The wires do not pass over it but through the bridge and through T pieces screwed to the (hitch) pin block and then are secured as usual to the pins. These T pieces are pierced with two holes one above the other through which the wires pass at an angle to the bridge. The lower wire will press the bridge downwards while the upper wire will tend to draw the bridge upwards. These two opposing forces being equal, the injurious downward pressure on the bridge is in great measure prevented. Other variations of this principle are described.
1850	(Eng. 13,221)	Cadby, Charles.	( 871 ). SOUND-BOARD - Supported or Braced : Suspended from the framework by clamps.
1850	(Eng. 13,252)	Erard, Pierre	( 138 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright]
1850	(Eng. 13,252)	Erard, Pierre	( 206 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Upright]
1850	(Eng. 13,252)	Brard, Pierre	( 1102 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning : ... for bass notes only on account the expense.
1850	(Eng. 13,252)	Erard, Pierre	( 599 ). PEDALLIER : See Book p. 276.
1850	(Eng. 13,252)	Erard, Pierre	( 1122 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : Metal with wood below.
1850	(Eng. 13,423)	Pape, Henri	( 213 ). BRACES Wooden : [Upright]
1850	(Eng. 13,423)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 650 ). PEDALS & STOPS [Polychorda] more than three strings to a note : 'I`uning three, four or six strings together.
1850	(Eng. 13,423)	Pape, John Henry	( 680 ). PIANO - Console : A new kind of pianoforte combining the forms of a grand and a console. Also:-
1850	(Eng. 13,423)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 762 ). PIANOFORTE VARIOUS OTHER SHAPES - Oval or round. .
1850	(Eng. 13,423)	Pape, John Henry	( 787 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Springs instead of strings : Vibrating springs. See this patent and see Book pp. 299-300.
1850	(Eng. 13,423)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 830 ). SOUND-BOARD -With Harmonic Rods : 'A new pianoforte only 3 feet high, the strings being mounted on harmonic rods'.
1850	(Eng. 13,423)	Pape, John Henry	( 993 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - directing currents of air on to the strings or springs (See Book pp. 100-101) : (a) Two springs and a seraphine tongue. (b) String vibrates also by means of a silken thread attached to it and to a tongue; the combination kept vibrating by a current of air.
1850	(Eng. 13,423)	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 1053 ). TUNING - Sourdine to facilitate : Two, three, four, or six.
1850	(Fr. 10,306)	Colin	( 1067 ). VARNISH (TO PRESERVE PIANO FORTES FROM DAMP : Laquer varnish described in Vol. 21. p. 81 in a 'certificat d'addition' dated 7th December 1858.
1850	(Fr. 4733)	Bachman	( 770 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Nearly all parts in Iron or other metal : In metal as well as the sound board. (See Certificat d'addition 6. Fevrier, 1853).
1850	(Fr. 4733)	Bachmann	( 833 ). SOUND-BOARD - in Metal : This pianoforte is in metal including the sound board. (See Certificat d'addition 6 fevrier 1853).
1850	(Fr. 5062)	Aucher-	( 207 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes .
1850	(Fr. 5251)	Blanchet	( 141 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright]
1850	(Fr. 5923)	Pape, Henri	( 992 ). STRINGS - SUSTAINING THE SOUND OF - directing currents of air on to the strings or springs (See Book pp. 100-101) : Add. patents dated 3rd Sept. and 30th November 1850 and further improvements. See Book p. 101. See also: [Eng. 13,423]
1850	(Fr. 6287)	Colin	( 208 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Upright]
1850	(Fr. 6287)	Colin	( 492 ). HITCH PIN BLOCK OR PLATE Metal plate for : [Copper, metal]
1851	(Am. 7976)	Ruck, J.	( 238 ). CHECK .
1851	(Am. 7976)	Ruck, J.	( 329 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1851	(Am. 7976)	Ruck, J.	( 149 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand] This action has a 'repeating spring by means of which, acting on a lever, the hammer is retained close to the string and cannot fall until the performer withdraws his finger from the key. In this action the hammer 'is completely under the control of the performer 'who can produce a delicate and rapid repeat.'
1851	(Am. 8002)	Klepfer, H.	( 93 ). ACTIONS : [Upright]
1851	(Am. 8002)	Klepfer, H.	( 458 ). HAMMERS Striking the strings against their bearings : [Upright].Soundboard between the strmg and the performer In upnght pianofortes therefore the hammers strike the strings against their bearings.
1851	(Am. 8002)	Klepfer, C.	( 809 ). SOUND-BOARD -Arrangement of Various : Soundboard m upright pianofortes between the strings and the performer.
1851	(Am. 8002)	Klepfer, H.	( 920 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle : [Upright]
1851	(Am. 8194)	Miller, Michael	( 593 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : Description of the mechanism of a key opening a valve to emit wind to reeds. No mention of a pianoforte in the patent itself but which is headed on the drawing Organ Action and on the patent attached Pianoforte.
1851	(Am. 8320)	Bacon, G., and Raven, R	( 374 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Square] See Book p. 206.
1851	(Am. 8350)	Kreter, R	( 148 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand]
1851	(Am. 8352)	Gray, J.	( 146 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand]
1851	(Am. 8352)	Gray, J. A.	( 392 ). HAMMER Butts .
1851	(Am. 8353)	Kerrison, R. M.	( 150 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand]
1851	(Am. 8353)	Kerrison, R. M.	( 331 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1851	(Am. 8383)	Browne, L. H.	( 145 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand]
1851	(Am. 8383)	Browne, L. H.	( 239 ). CHECK .
1851	(Am. 8383)	Browne, L. H.	( 330 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1851	(Am. 8383)	Browne, L. H.	( 371 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Grand]
1851	(Am. 8383)	Browne, L. H.	( 435 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for : Gutta percha on the top of hammer heads in place of some of the leather.
1851	(Am. 8383)	Browne, L. H.	( 862 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : Soundboard in a sprinng form and supporting its back on a straining lever, made to bear with more or less force against it.
1851	(Am. 8389)	Gilbert, Timothy	( 147 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, upright]
1851	(Am. 8389)	Gilbert, Timothy	( 332 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1851	(Am. 8452)	Newton, H. J.	( 966 ). STRINGS - Electroplated with Gold, Silver, Platina, Zinc or `wrapped in platina wire (See Book pp. 185, 192-3, 261) : Coating the smaller strings with silver or an alloy to improve the tone and prevent rust.
1851	(Am. 8470)	Mathushek, F.	( 919 ). STRINGING Cross - varying from oblique, vertically crossed to diagonal crossed at some angle : [Square]
1851	(Am. 8587)	Ferris, Richard M.	( 746 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Organ : Combining organs and pianos so that either can be played separately by the same set of keys or being provided with a separate set of keys they can be played together or separated. Pedals for operating the organ stops.
1851	(Am. 8608)	Ingalls, Gustaves W.	( 171 ). ATTACHMENT Aeolian Attachment .
1851	(Bav. )	Piddington,John	( 594 ). OBSCURE PATENTS OR PATENTS WITH NO DESCRIPTION : [No Description] For improved construction of piano-fortes.
1851	(Belg. No. 5257. Order No. 5255. Index No. 826)	Lacroix, Mathieu	( 730 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES With Barrel Mechanism : For Inserting in a tea table or similar article of furniture. Mechanically propelled barrel.
1850 or 51	(Belg. No. 5744. Order No. 5237, Index No. 143)	Fieret, N.	( 1103 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning .
1851	(Belg. No. 5829. Order No. 5246. Index No. 607)	Knapen freres	( 860 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : Showing the superiority of their method of compensation against the strain of the strings over that of Crots [Bel. No. 5317 of (1850)1. (Drawings of both methods on the back page).
1851	(Belg. No. 5902. Order No. 5251. Index No. 712)	Van Merlen, T.	( 1029 ). TOUCH ADJUSTING THE WEIGHT OF THE KEYS : 'A regulator groove.' The regulator to which is attached a downward piece which rests on the blocked up end of the key can be moved in a groove under the lever which carries the escapement. By moving this piece in its groove left or right brings the action of the hammer nearer or further from the strings and thus alters the force needed for actuating the hammers and makes the touch lighter or more heavy. (An attempt to interpret the patent.)
1851	(Belg. No. 5903, Order No. 5252. Index No. 716)	Hainaught, Norbert	( 372 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : [Upright]
1851	(Belg. No. 5903. Order No. 5252. Index No. 716)	Hainaught, Norbert.	( 892 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two in Connection with Two sets of Strings : 'Le Piano double ou a deux registres a l'octave' One set of keys connects two actions operating on two sets of strings. The strings behind can be disconnected. The back strings are perhaps an octave above. The pianist can double at will the high notes or the bass note. Suitable braces support the case.
1851	(Canada No. 306)	Mead, George Hooper	( 373 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) .
1851	(Canada No. 306)	Mead, George Hooper	( 1088 ). WREST PINS - Mechanical and Screw Wrest Pins : slow motion turning pin to give the strings steady fixture.
1851	(Eng. 13,321)	Statham, Thomas	( 861 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : Series of metallic stops applied by means of screws to the wrest pin block in order to hold one end of the vibrating length of the series of strings and another series of corresponding stops applied to the sound board in order to hold the other end of the same series of strings. The strings are extended beyond the stops, and secured by wrest pins at each end. No ordinary bridge is required. The 'stops' are of metal and consisst of a shoulder over which the strings pass and a pin under which they pass and another shoulder over which they pass. The strings are therefor drawn in a direction parallel to the sound board. Various types of 'stops' are described.
1851	(Eng. 13,601)	Robertson, Joseph Clinton	( 468 ). HAMMERS Two hammers striking two sets of strings : See 'Porychorda' Book p. 148.
1851	(Eng. 13,601)	Robertson, Joseph Clinton	( 651 ). PEDALS & STOPS [Polychorda] more than three strings to a note : See Book, p. 148
1851	(Eng. 13,601)	Robertson, Joseph Clinton	( 864 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : The sound board is divided in two. At Wrest pin end the two strings pass through a bridge then the strings are divided one passing over the top of a high bridge and the other passing through the lower portion of the same bridge; they then pass through another low bridge and pass over the gap between the sound boards, then the process is repeated in reverse and finally the two strings are secured to hitch pins. Another method is also metnioned with the soundboard not divided and a string passing through a stud on the top of the lower bridge. The object is to equalize and reduce the pressure on the sound board.
1851	(Eng. 13,601)	Robertson, Joseph Clinton	( 890 ). SOUND-BOARD - Two in Connection with Two sets of Strings : Especially for upright pianos two sets of strings bo being struck at once by the movement of one set of keys.
1851	(Eng. 13,601)	Robertson, Joseph Clinton	( 1104 ). WREST PINS - Nut for fine Tuning .
1851	(Eng. 13,652)	Hopkinson (John)	( 143 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Grand, upright] (See Book pp. 163-4 & Fig. 6).
1851	(Eng. 13,652)	Hopkinson, John	( 434 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for : Sponge for head.
1851	(Eng. 13,816)	Erard, Pierre	( 158 ). AGRAFFE PIERCED STUD OR INVERTED BRIDGE .
1851	(Eng. 13,816)	Erard, Pierre	( 391 ). HAMMER Butts .
1851	(Eng. 13,816)	Erard, Pierre	( 863 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : 'I so apply studs ... that the wires shall be bent in a direction to and from the bridge so that drawing them tight to tune them they shall exert their force partly to draw the bridge, and consequently the soundboard towards the strings, and partly to force the bridge, and consequently the sound board, away from the strings so as to keep the vibrating parts of the strings in one plane. ThE middle stud on the bridge stands higher or lower than the front one and back one and serves to give the string passing thought the perforated holes in these stuuds a bent or an angular direction, either towards or away from the bridge as may be required to adjust and equalize the pressure of the strings on the bridge of the sounding board.' [Erard, abridged].
1851	(Eng. 13,821)	Statham, Thomas	( 157 ). AGRAFFE PIERCED STUD OR INVERTED BRIDGE .
1851	(Fr. 3711)	Montal, Claude	( 210 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Upright]
1851	(Fr. 3rd. add. pat. to 3711 (1848))	Montal	( 619 ). PEDALS & STOPS Forte : 'Pedale d'expression' (See Book p. 149).
1851	(Fr. Add. Pat. to No. 3711 (1848))	Montal, Claude	( 640 ). PEDALS & STOPS Piano by shortened radias of the blow : 'Pedale d'expression' (See Book, p. 149). Piano by insertion of material between the hammers and the strings
1851	(Fr. 3rd. Add. Pat. to No. 3711 (1848))	Montal, Claude	( 565 ). MECHANISM For Transposing : The keyboard moves to the right or left through twelve semitones by moving a stop on the under left side of the keyboard.
1851	(Fr. 3rd. Add. Pat. to No. 3711 (1848))	Mental, Claude	( 1131 ). WREST PIN BLOCK in Wood and Metal : Metal and wood.
1851	(Fr. 3rd. Add. Pat. to No. 5923 (1850))	Pape	( 144 ). ACTIONS Repetition .
1851	(Fr. 5th. add. pat. to No. 5923 (1850))	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 729 ). MECHANICAL PIANOFORTES With Barrel Mechanism : See Book p. 283.
1851	(Fr. Ind. Add. Pat. to No. 5923 (1850))	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 831 ). SOUND-BOARD -With Harmonic Rods : Strings attached to harmonic rods.
1851	(Fr. 3rd. & 4th. Add. Pats. to No. 5928 (1850))	Pape, Jean-Henri	( 681 ). PIANO - Console .
1851	(Fr. 6145)	Mata	( 328 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .
1851	(Fr. 6145)	Mata	( 433 ). HAMMERHEADS. Misc. coverings for : Sponge for head.
1851	(Fr. 6192)	Gouliart,	( 545 ). KEYS Coverings for: Various : Porcelain enamelled.
1851	(Fr. 6204)	Lavanchy	( 747 ). PIANOFORTE COMBINED WITH - Organ : For a piano with organ played on one keyboard but which can be separated by means of registers.
1851	(Fr. 6304)	Bonifas	( 209 ). BRACES Metal bars and plates and tubes : [Grand, upright]
1851	(Fr. 6304)	Bonifas (Al C.)	( 375 ). FRAME Cast Iron (or Wrought Iron) : See Book p. 205.
1851	(Fr. 6304)	Bonifas	( 771 ). PIANOFORTES WITH - Nearly all parts in Iron or other metal : See Book p. 205.
1851	(Fr. 6358)	Sax	( 858 ). SOUND-BOARD - Relieving from strain : Similar
1851	(Fr. 6606)	Pens	( 142 ). ACTIONS Repetition : [Upright] The inventor states 'les trilles se sent parfaitement.
1851	(Fr. 6606)	Pens	( 289 ). DAMPERS .
1851	(Fr. 6606)	Pens	( 327 ). ESCAPEMENT OR HOPPER OR JACK .

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