Vftpaiy milAk; Kaw;rp 17k; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; epA+l;ldhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. cyfpy; epfOk; midj;J ,af;fq;fSk;> tpz;ntsp ,af;fq;fSk; xNu tpjpf;Fs;jhd; cl;gl;Ls;sd vd;W mtu; epWtpdhu;.

19k; E}w;whz;by; fpshu;f; Nkf;];nty; xspia kpd;fhe;j Mw;wYld; ,izj;J ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;. My;ghl; Id;];Bd; 1905-1916 Mz;Lthf;fpy; fhyk;- ,lk;> epiwaPu;g;G Mfpa %d;iwAk; ,izj;J xd;whf ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;.



1920 ,y; nghUl;fspd; ,urhaz ,ay;Gfs;> rf;jp rk;ge;jg;gl;lit Fthz;lk; nghwpapayhfTk;> nghUs;> ,af;fk; rk;ge;jg; gl;lit kuGg; nghwpapayhfTk; tifg; gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Id;];Bd; My; 30 tUlq;fspy; xNu Filapd; fPo; tpsf;fKad;W KbahJ NghdhYk; mtUf;Fg; gpd; rpyuhy; ,uz;L %d;W tiffshf tifg; gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

mit gpd;tUkhW.

1. ];lhd;ll;L nkhly;
2. nlf;dpf;fyu; jpaup
3. vk; (M) jpaup vd;w ,iof; Nfhl;ghL.

mZtpd; mikg;Gk; ];lhd;ll;L nkhlYk; jq;fpapUg;gJ tpir> Gyk; vd;gtw;wpNyNa.

ekf;F mDgtkhd Gykhd fhe;jg; Gyk;> fhe;jj;ijr; Rw;wp cs;sJ. G+itr; Rw;wp thrid ,Ug;gJ Nghy nghUl;fisr; Rw;wp Gyq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Gyq;fspy; Vw;gLk; rpW miyTfs; rf;jpiaf; flj;Jfpd;wd. G+tpypUe;J thrid vt;thW ehyhGwKk; guTfpwNjh mt;thW rf;jpahdJ rpW rpW Jz;lq;fshf fhtg;gLfpd;wd. me;j rpW Jz;lq;fisj;jhd; Fthz;lk; vd;fpd;wdu;. cjhuzkhf kpd;fhe;jg; Gyj;jpd; Jz;Lfis (Fthz;lq;fis) Nghl;Nlhd;fs; vd;fpd;wdu;.