mrtg-2.12.2-2 (Monitoring)

Updated on 18 Jan, 2006 by SuSE 10.0

SNMP

• Make sure net-snmp is installed, configured, and running.
• On Linux, net-snmp-5.2.1-10.i586.rpm is installed, and configuration would look like this (etc/snmp.conf).

  # # First, map the community name "public" into a "security name" # sec.name source community com2sec public default public # Second, map the security name into a group name. # groupName securityModel securityName group public v1 public group public v2c public group public usmpublic # Third, create a view for us to let the group have rights to: # name incl/excl subtree mask(optional) view all included .1 # Finally, grant the group read-only access to the systemview view. # group context sec.model  sec.level prefix read write notif access public "" any noauthexact all all all # System contact information # syslocation xxxxxxxx syscontact foo@host

• On Windows 2000, XP, 2003, SNMP Service should be installed, and it would look like this,
  
• On CISCO products, SNMP configuration would like like this,

  gw(config)#snmp-server community public RO

• Make sure, snmp is running and accessible. If necessary, open 161 tcp, udp ports on the target device.

  # snmpwalk -v 1 192.168.1.100 -c public | less SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Hardware: x86 Family 6 Model 9 Stepping 5 AT/AT CO MPATIBLE - Software: Windows 2000 Version 5.1 (Build 2600 Uniprocessor Free) SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.311.1.1.3.1.1 DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (80732) 0:1 SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING: SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: TS-NEC SNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING: SNMPv2-MIB::sysServices.0 = INTEGER: 76 IF-MIB::ifNumber.0 = INTEGER: 4 ....

  Installation

• Install from SuSE installation source

  # rpm -ihv mrtg-2.12.2-2.i586.rpm

  Configuration

  The next step is now to configure mrtg for monitoring an network device.
• Make sure net-snmp is installed, configured, and running.
• Make mrtg directory

  # mkdir /srv/www/htdocs/mrtg

• Make configuration file and run it (/etc/mrtg/makecfg.sh)

  #!/bin/bash # host list HOSTLIST=" 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 " # Make configuration file for HOST in $HOSTLIST do         /usr/bin/cfgmaker \                 --ifref=eth \                 --global 'WorkDir: /srv/www/htdocs/mrtg' \                 --global 'Options[_]: bits,growright' \                 --output /etc/mrtg/$HOST.cfg \                 public@$HOST done

  This example monitor two devices (192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2) and makes two configuration files (192.168.0.1.cfg and 192.168.0.2.cfg)

  Run

• Make an executing file (/etc/mrtg/mrtg.cron) to run

  #!/bin/bash DIRCFG=/etc/mrtg DIRHTML=/srv/www/htdocs/mrtg LISTCFG=" 192.168.0.1.cfg 192.168.0.2.cfg " for CFG in $LISTCFG do         env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg $DIRCFG/$CFG done # Make index file cd $DIRCFG /usr/bin/indexmaker --columns=1 $LISTCFG > $DIRHTML/index.html

• To run every 5 minutes, add one line in /etc/crontab

  ... 0-59/5 * * * * root /etc/mrtg/mrtg.cron >/dev/null 2>&1

• In the default configuration, only the localhost can view the analysis from http://3/mrtg. However, if you want to allow other computer to view it, edit /etc/httpd/conf.d/mrtg.conf as below,

  Order deny,allow #    Deny from all     Allow from localhost     # Allow from .example.com

  

  Monitor CPU

  Add following lines to the configuration file.

  # This section creates CPU Load monitoring ### CPU Load Average ### Target[cpu_hostname]: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.5.1&.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.5.2:public@localhost MaxBytes[cpu_hostname]: 100 Unscaled[cpu_hostname]: dwmy Options[cpu_hostname]: gauge, absolute, growright, noinfo, nopercent YLegend[cpu_hostname]: CPU Load(%) ShortLegend[cpu_hostname]: (%) LegendI[cpu_hostname]: 1min ave LegendO[cpu_hostname]: 5min ave Legend1[cpu_hostname]: 1min ave(%) Legend2[cpu_hostname]: 5min ave(%) Title[cpu_hostname]: CPU Load ($HOST) PageTop[cpu_hostname]: <H1>CPU Load Average -- suse10</H1>

  

  Monitor Disk usage without snmp

• Create a script at /usr/local/sbin/df.pl

  #!/usr/bin/perl # It assumes that the command output(df -kl) looks like this: # Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on # /dev/md0              95645100  30401312  64272080  33% / # /dev/hde1                14119      1159     12231   9% /boot # # In which case, this script returns : # 95659219 # 30402503 # when run. foreach $filesystem (`df -kl | grep -v "Filesystem"`) {   @df = split(/\s+/,$filesystem);   $total += $df[1];   $usage += $df[2]; } print "$usage\n"; print "$usage\n"; print "$total\n";

• Give permission.

  # chmod 755 df.pl

• create xinetd file at /etc/xinet.d/df

  service df {         socket_type     = stream         protocol        = tcp         wait            = no         user            = nobody         bind            = 127.0.0.1         server          = /usr/local/sbin/df.pl }

• Add a line to /etc/services

  df              9047/tcp                        # df

• Restart xinet.d

  # /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

• Test the configuration

  # /usr/bin/netcat localhost df 3479420 3479420 9931728

• Add followings to the MRTG configuration file

  # Disk usage monitoring Target[disk_hostname]: `/usr/bin/netcat localhost df` Title[disk_hostname]: Disk Usage -- suse10 Unscaled[disk_hostname]: dwym MaxBytes[disk_hostname]: 9931728 PageTop[disk_hostname]: <H1>Disk Usage -- suse10</H1> kmg[disk_hostname]: KB,MB,GB LegendI[disk_hostname]: Used Disk Space LegendO[disk_hostname]: Total Disk Space Legend1[disk_hostname]: Used Disk Space Legend2[disk_hostname]: Total Disk Space YLegend[disk_hostname]:  Megabytes ShortLegend[disk_hostname]:   Options[disk_hostname]: gauge, growright, noinfo

  

  Monitor Memory usage without snmp

• Make sure you have sysstat-5.0.6-6.i586.rpm installed
• Create a script at /usr/local/sbin/memory.pl

  #!/usr/bin/perl foreach $_ (`/usr/bin/sar -r 1 2 | grep "Average"`) {   ($average, $kbmemfree, $kbmemused, $memused, $kbmemshrd, $kbbuffers, $kbcached, $kbswpfree, $kbswpused, $swpused) = split(/\s+/);   print $kbmemused - $kbbuffers . "\n";   print $kbmemused . "\n";   print $kbmemused + $kbmemfree . "\n"; }

• Give permission.

  # chmod 755 memory.pl

• create xinetd file at /etc/xinet.d/memory

  service memory {         socket_type     = stream         protocol        = tcp         wait            = no         user            = nobody         bind            = 127.0.0.1         server          = /usr/local/sbin/memory.pl }

• Add a line to /etc/services

  memory          9057/tcp                        # memory

• Restart xinet.d

  # /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

• Test the configuration

  # /usr/bin/netcat localhost memory 203578 308974 312960

• Add followings to the MRTG configuration file

  # Memory usage monitoring Target[memory_hostname]: `/usr/bin/netcat localhost memory` MaxBytes[memory_hostname]:  312960 Unscaled[memory_hostname]:  dwym YLegend[memory_hostname]:  Memory Usage ShortLegend[memory_hostname]:   kmg[memory_hostname]:  kB,MB kilo[memory_hostname]:  1024 LegendI[memory_hostname]:  App Data LegendO[memory_hostname]:  Memory Used Legend1[memory_hostname]:  App Data Legend2[memory_hostname]:  Memory Used Options[memory_hostname]: gauge, growright, noinfo Title[memory_hostname]: Memory Usage -- suse10 PageTop[memory_hostname]: <H1>Memory Usage -- suse10</H1>

  Monitor Swap usage without snmp

• Create a script at /usr/local/sbin/swap.pl

  #!/usr/bin/perl foreach $_ (`/usr/bin/sar -r 1 2 | grep "Average"`) {   ($average, $kbmemfree, $kbmemused, $memused, $kbbuffers, $kbcached, $kbswpfree, $kbswpused, $swpused, $kbswpcad) = split(/\s+/);   print $kbswpcad . "\n";   print $kbswpused . "\n";   print $kbswpused + $kbswpfree . "\n"; }

• Give permission.

  # chmod 755 swap.pl

• create xinetd file at /etc/xinet.d/swap

  service swap {         socket_type     = stream         protocol        = tcp         wait            = no         user            = nobody         bind            = 127.0.0.1         server          = /usr/local/sbin/swap.pl }

• Add a line to /etc/services

  swap            9058/tcp                        # swap

• Restart xinet.d

  # /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

• Test the configuration

  # /usr/bin/netcat localhost swap 40 3104 706820

• Add followings to the MRTG configuration file

  # Swap usage monitoring Target[swap_hostname]: `/usr/bin/netcat localhost swap` MaxBytes[swap_hostname]: 706820 Unscaled[swap_hostname]: dwym YLegend[swap_hostname]: Swap In Use kmg[swap_hostname]:  kB,MB kilo[swap_hostname]:  1024 LegendI[swap_hostname]:  Cached Swap LegendO[swap_hostname]:  Swap Used Legend1[swap_hostname]:  Cached Swap Legend2[swap_hostname]:  Swap Used Options[swap_hostname]: gauge, growright, noinfo ShortLegend[swap_hostname]:  Title[swap_hostname]: Swap Usage -- suse10 PageTop[swap_hostname]: <H1>Swap Usage -- suse10</H1>

  

  Monitor Network Availability (ping)

• Install mtr package which comes with SuSE. mtr is a network diagnostic tool.

  # rpm -ihv mtr-0.69-4.i586.rpm

• Create a script as, /usr/local/sbin/ping.pl

  #!/usr/bin/perl # Usage: perl.pl host @result = split(/\s+/,`/usr/sbin/mtr -r $ARGV[0] | tail -n 1`); if ($result[7] != 0) {         print $result[7] / $result[8] * 100 . "\n";         print 100-$result[3] . "\n"; } else {         print "0\n";         print "0\n"; }

• Change the permission

  # chmod 755 ping.pl

• Add following into the mrtg configuration file. This monitor www.hoge.com

  # Network Availability Target[ava_hoge]: `/usr/local/sbin/ping.pl www.hoge.com` MaxBytes[ava_hoge]: 100 Unscaled[ava_hoge]: dwym YLegend[ava_hoge]: Availability ShortLegend[ava_hoge]: (%) LegendI[ava_hoge]:  Stability (best/worst) LegendO[ava_hoge]:  Availability Legend1[ava_hoge]:  Stability (best/worst) Legend2[ava_hoge]:  Availability Options[ava_hoge]: gauge, absolute, growright, noinfo, nopercent Title[ava_hoge]: Availability -- www.hoge.com PageTop[ava_hoge]: <H1>Availability -- www.hoge.com</H1>

• This configuration checks connectivity for 10 seconds (ten pings on each second) on every five minues.
• To monitor multiple destinations, repeat the configuration, but change the bold place.

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