Basic Commands

$ ls -lt total 3 -rw-r--r--   1 guest  &  users           8 Aug  5 15:57 file2 -rw-r--r--   1 guest  &  users           8 Aug  4 15:57 file3 -rw-r--r--   1 guest  &  users           8 Aug  4 15:56 file1

cp - copy files

$ ls file1  file2  file3 $ cp file1 file4 $ ls file1  file2  file3  file4

mv - rename files

$ ls file1  file2  file3  file4 $ mv file4 /tmp $ ls file1  file2  file3 $ cd /tmp [guest@linux /tmp]$ ls file4

$ ls file1  file2  file3  file4 $ mv file4 file5 $ ls file1  file2  file3  file5

rm - remove files

$ ls file1  file2 $ rm file2 $ ls file1

mkdir - make directories

$ ls file1 $ mkdir directory $ ls -lt total 2 drwxr-xr-x   2 guest    users        1024 Aug  5 11:40 directory/ -rw-r--r--   1 guest    users           8 Aug  4 16:04 file1

rmdir - remove empty directories

$ ls directory/  file1 $ rmdir directory $ ls file1

cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output

$ cat file1 101     3people         2-DK 102     none            1-room 201     2people         2-DK 202     4people         3-LDK

grep - print lines matching a pattern

$ cat file1 101     3people         2-DK 102     none            1-room 201     2people         2-DK 202     4people         3-LDK $ cat file2 301     4people         4-DK 302     3people         3-LDK 401     none            2-DK 402     2people         2-DK $ grep LDK * file1:202       4people         3-LDK file2:302       3people         3-LDK

chmod - change the access permissions of files

[root@ns public_html]# ls -l -rw-------   1 hoge  staff         163 Aug  7 22:39 index.html [root@ns public_html]# chmod g+r index.html [root@ns public_html]# ls -l -rw-r-----   1 hoge  staff         163 Aug  7 22:39 index.html [root@ns public_html]# chmod 644 index.html [root@ns public_html]# ls -l -rw-r--r--   1 hoge  staff         163 Aug  7 22:39 index.html

kill - terminate a process

# ps ax | grep dhcpd   278  ?  S    0:00 /usr/sbin/dhcpd  7308  p1 S    0:00 grep dhcpd # kill 278 # ps ax | grep dhcpd  7310  p1 S    0:00 grep dhcpd

# kill `ps ax | awk '/pppd/ {print $1}'`

passwd - update a user's authentication tokens

$ passwd Changing password for guest (current) UNIX password: New UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully

man - format and display the on-line manual pages

$ man ls LS(1)                                                       LS(1) NAME        ls, dir, vdir - list contents of directories SYNOPSIS        ls  [-abcdfgiklmnpqrstuxABCFGLNQRSUX1] [-w cols] [-T cols]        [-I pattern] [--all]  [--escape]  [--directory]  [--inode]        [--kilobytes]  [--numeric-uid-gid]  [--no-group]  [--hide-        control-chars] [--reverse] [--size] [--width=cols] [--tab-        size=cols]  [--almost-all] [--ignore-backups] [--classify]        [--file-type] [--full-time] [--ignore=pattern] [--derefer-        ence]     [--literal]     [--quote-name]     [--recursive]        [--sort={none,time,size,extension}]   [--format={long,ver-        bose,commas,across,vertical,single-column}]        [--time={atime,access,use,ctime,status}] [--help]  [--ver-        sion]  [--color[={yes,no,tty}]]  [--colour[={yes,no,tty}]]        [name...] DESCRIPTION        This documentation is no longer being maintained  and  may ......................................