| Hanyi Pinyin | English | Dialect | Symbol | Notes | |
| Ba Xian bā xiān |
八仙 | Eight Immortals | Known as individual deities, they became associated together from the Yuan (元) on. The 8 are 钟离权 (zhōng lí quán), 张果老 (zhāng guŏ lăo), 吕洞宾 (lǔ dòng bīn), 曹国舅 (cáo guó jìu), 李铁拐 (lĭ tiĕ guăi), 韩湘子 (hán xiāng zĭ), 蓝采和 (lán căi hé), 何仙姑 (hé xiān gū). Often represented in a boat together. | ||
| Cao Guo Jiu cáo guó jìu |
曹国舅 | Castanets | Official holding imperial tablet. Patron: theatre. A Ba Xian (8 Immortals). | ||
| Guang Ze Zun Wang guăng zé zūn wáng |
广泽尊王 | Kong Teik Choon Ong | See The Saintly Guo. | ||
| Han Xiang Zi hán xiāng zĭ |
韩湘子 | Flute | Flutist. Patron of music. A Ba Xian (8 Immortals). | ||
| Han Zhong Li | ?钟离 | Fan | See Zhong Li Quan | ||
| He Xian Gu hé xiān gū |
何仙姑 | Lotus | Lady carrying or sitting on a lotus. A Ba Xian (8 Immortals). | ||
| Jiu Huang Ye jĭu huáng yé |
九皇爷 | Nine Emperor Gods | Kiu Ong Yiah (闽南) Kew Ong Yah (闽南) Kau Wong Yeh (Can) Kow Wong Yeah (Can) |
Represent the 9 stars of the Big Dipper. 2 of the stars are not visible. the 9 are 天篷 (tiān péng), 天芮 (tiān ruì), 天冲 (tiān rén), 天辅 (tiān fǔ), 天禽 (tiān qín), 天心 (tiān xīn), 天柱 (tiān zhù), 天仁 (tiān rén), 天英 (tiān yīng). They are the sons of Dou Mu (斗母). See weecheng.com. | |
| Lan Cai He lán căi hé |
蓝采和 | Flower basket | Young man in blue robes & one shoe. Carries a wand. A Ba Xian (8 Immortals). | ||
| Li Tie Guai lĭ tiĕ guăi |
曹国舅 | Iron Crutch Li | Gourd | Lame beggar w an iron crutch. A Ba Xian (8 Immortals). | |
| Lu Dong Bin lǔ dòng bīn |
吕洞宾 | Sword | Scholar holding a flybrush with a sword on the back. A Ba Xian (8 Immortals). | ||
| Shan Cai Ye shàn cái yé |
善财爷 | Sian Chye Ya (闽南) | |||
| Zhang Guo Lao zhāng guŏ lăo |
张果老 | 鱼鼓 | Old man often seen riding a white donkey backwards. A Ba Xian (8 Immortals). | ||
| Zhong Li Quan zhōng lí quán |
钟离权 | Fan | Aka Han Zhongli. Fat bare-bellied man carrying a fan. A Ba Xian (8 Immortals). | ||
| Hanyi Pinyin | English | Dialect | Notes |
| Official | Hanyi Pinyin | Address | Notes | |
| Lin Hoon Din | 凌云殿 | Ling Yun Dian líng yún diàn |
Geylang Lor 27A | See weecheng.com |
| Lorong Koo Chye Sheng Hong Temple | 新加坡韭菜芭城隍庙 | 15 Arumugam Rd | City God temple. See shtemple.org.sg. | |
| Loyang Tua Peh Kong Temple | 洛阳大伯公宫 | Luo Yang Da Bo Gong Gong luò yáng dà bó gōng gōng |
||
| Hiang Tong Keng | 贒当宫 | Xian Dang Gong xian dāng gōng |
784 Tampines Rd | Quan Zhen Long Men sect. See Hiang Tong Keng |
| 华报善堂 | Hua Bao Shan Tang huá bào shàn táng |
Chong Pang Combined Temple, 561 Yishun Ring Rd | Founded 1959. |
|
Cheu, Hock Tong. An Analysis of the Nine Emperor Gods Spirit-Medium Cult in Malaysia. Ithaca, NY: Southeast Asia program, Cornell University, 1982. Chinese Deities Web 2004. <http://www.geocities.com/javewu81/cdw.html>. DeBernardi, Jean. <http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~jdeberna>. Stevens, Keith. "The Popular Religion Gods of the Hainanese". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 41(2001). <http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4400884.pdf>. Stevens, Keith and Jennifer Welch. "Xu, the Taoist Perfected Lord Xu Zhenjun, the Protective Deity of Jiangsi Province". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 38(1998). <http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4400809.pdf>. Stevens, Keith. Chinese Gods: The Unseen World of Spirits and Demons. London: Collins & Brown, 1997. (Call no: 299.51 STE) Stevens, Keith. "Singapore's Disappearing Temples and The Decline and Apparent Demise of a Popular Religion Cult". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 35(1995). <http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4400675.pdf>. Stevens, Keith. "Three Fukienese [Min-Nan] Cults: Pao-Sheng Ta-Ti, Ch'ing-Shui Tsu-Shih and San P'ing Tsu-Shih". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 33(1993). <http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4400645.pdf>. Stevens, Keith. "T'i-Shen: Substitute for a Person". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 30(1990). <http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4400609.pdf>. Stevens, Keith. "The Jade Emperor and His Family, Yu Huang Ta Ti". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 29(1989). <http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4400572.pdf>.
Stevens, Keith. "The Saintly Guo".
Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 18(1978). Stevens, Keith. "Three Chinese Deities: Variations on a Theme". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 12(1972). <http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4400212.pdf>. Tan, Szan. "The Cult and Festival of the Goddess of the Sea - A Maiden Encounter With Mazu". The Heritage Journal. 1.1(2004):13-20. <http://epress.nus.edu.sg/nhb/include/getdoc.php?id=26&article=8&mode=pdf>. Elliott, Alan. Chinese Spirit-Medium Cults in Singapore. London: Royal Anthropological Institute, 1955. (Call no: 299.51095957 ELL) Elliott, Alan. The Cult of the Heavenly Monkey: A Sociological Study of Chinese Spirit-Mediumship in Singapore. (1951). Typescript. Draft report carried out under the Colonial Social Science Research Council.
Jordan, David K. Gods, Ghosts, & Ancestors: Folk Religion in a Taiwanese Village (3rd ed). (1999). <http://weber.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/scriptorium/gga/ggacover.html>. Nickerson, Peter. "A Poetics and Politics of Possession: Taiwanese Spirit-Medium Cults and Autonomous Popular Cultural Space". Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique. 9.1(Spr 2001):187-217. Stevens, Keith. "Patron Deity of Prostitutes: Zhu Bajie". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 40(2000). <http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4400866.pdf>. |