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Students Summarize in Complete Sentences or Strings Sentences or Narrates

	1. When the students are asked to summarize after the material has been presented, they have the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge to themselves, their classmates, and the teacher--in both content and language. 2. This not only assists them to become more fluent orally, but it helps them to become better writers. 3. When we talk about oral language development we do not mean teaching students to speak as much as we mean improving their ability to talk or communicate more effectively. 4. Speech is not usually simple basic communication--it involves thinking, knowledge, and skills. 5. It also requires practice and training. 6. To speak in more effective ways requires particular attention and constant practice.
				#3-#6 adapted from Zhang, H. and Alex, NK (1995). "Oral language development across the curriculum." ERIC Digest. Bloomington, IN: ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading, Engish, and Communication. [ed 389029]


			Many times, the teacher needs to model or show the students how to summarize:

		Teacher, "I want someone to summarize. Use the vocabulary I've written on the board: (winter-hockey-basketball-summer-baseball-tennis). First, let me give you a model. Listen and then you can try it. Hello,//my name is Mr./Ms________________.// Today,//I'm going to talk about//sports seasons in the US and Canada.// In the winter,//people play hockey and basketball.// In the summer,//people play baseball and tennis.// Thank you.// Now, Ji Young, please tell us about sports seasons in the US and Canada." Ji Young, "Hello, my name is Ms. Kim. My topic is...etc."

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