1. Audio-Lingual Method
2. Cognitive Code Method
3. Direct Method
4. Grammar Translation
5. The Lexical Approach
6. The Natural Approach
1. Community Language Learning
2. The Silent Way
3. Suggestopedia
4. Total Physical Response
1. Competency-Based Approach
2. Content-Based Approach
3. Project-Based Approach
4. Strategies-Based Approach
5. Task-Based Approach
6. Theme-Based Approach
7. Whole Language Approach
1. Academic Listening
2. Workplace Listening
3. Children's Authentic Listening
4. Adults' Authentic Listening
1. Academic Speaking
2. Workplace Speaking
3. Children's Authentic Speaking
4. Adults' Authentic Speaking
1. Academic Reading
2. Workplace Reading
3. Children's Authentic Reading
4. Adults' Authentic Reading
1. Academic Writing
2. Workplace Writing
3. Children's Authentic Writing
4. Adults' Authentic Writing
1. Comprehensible Input
2. Cooperative Learning
3. Critical Thinking (Bloom's Taxonomy)
4. Interactive Processing
5. Multiple Intelligences
6. Proficiency Development
7. Schema Theory
8. Skills Integration
Teaching Vocabulary
1. Audio Samples
2. Computer Software
3. Internet (Web-based technology)
4. Projection
5. Recording Devices
6. Television
7. Videos
1. Portfolios
2. Oral Proficiency Interviews
3. Standard Tests
4. Writing Assignments
1. Cambridge University Press
2. Longman (Pearson)
3. McGraw-Hill
4. Oxford University Press
5. Thompson-Heinle
6. Smaller presses
1. English Raven
2. Internet TESL Journal
3. Others