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| Techinques to Make Input Comprehensible | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| If students do not understand what the teacher has said (or) If the students do not understand what they have read... The teacher can use one or more of the following techniques to make input comprehensible. |
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| REPEAT at a slower rate, with clearer pronunciation, with a louder voice, or with emphasis on key words or phrases | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| "Role reversal is one of the main techniques used in Total Physical Response. According to Larsen-Freeman, 'students command their teacher and classmates to perform some actions.'" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| REPHRASE using smaller chunks or changing the word order | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| "Role reversal is one technique in Total Physical Response. Larsen-Freeman says that, 'students command their teacher and classmates to perform some actions.'" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| "When students do the teacher's techniques it is called role reversal. Role reversal is used in Total Physical Response." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PREVIEW telling students the objectives, activating their schemata, or explaining what will happen next | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| "Today, you are going to watch a demonstration of Total Physical Response. It is a method that requires the teacher to initially direct all student behavior. The students are supposed to imitate the teacher's nonverbal behavior. During the warm-up of the demonstration, I will model a mime activity of meeting a friend at a cafe, and I will ask you some questions about my miming. During the presentation, three volunteers will silently interact with me. The rest of the class must also be silent. At the endof the demonstration, the volunteers can speak and the rest of the class can help the volunteers." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DESCRIBE & PROVIDE EXAMPLES avoiding incomprehensible input when elaborating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| "An action sequence is a series of commands given by the teacher. For example, 'Come here. Sit down. Would you like something to drink? How about some juice?' is an action sequence." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| "There are many kinds of techniques, such as modeling, correcting errors, and asking questions." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| "Kangaroos come from Australia. A kangaroo looks like a very, very big mouse. It has long ears and a long tail. Its fur is golden brown. It does not walk but hops. Kangaroos carry their babies in a stomach pouch." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| USE VISUALS Written: board, transpacency, graphic organizers, handouts Non-verbal cues: gestures, facial expressions, body movement Pictures, photographs, drawings, flashcards Realia |
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