Formal Logic Quiz 5
1. JOHN STOSSEL: Now, [all] the massive coverage of school shootings might be justified if school violence were getting worse, but it isn't. [Since 1992, schoolyard killings are down 50 percent.] (20/20: Give Me a Break: School Violence 10/22/99)
a) This argument, above, is valid.
b) This argument, above, commits the fallacy of denying the antecedent.
c) This argument, above, commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent.
d) This argument, above, is in Modus Ponens.
e) This argument, above, is in Modus Tollens.
2. If all African-Americans are black, does it follow that all blacks are African-Americans?
a) Yes.
b) No.
c) All of the above.
d) None of the above.
e) Nothing follows from it.
3. If some men are dogs and all dogs are animals, then some men are animals.
a) This argument, above, is valid.
b) This argument, above, is invalid.
c) This argument, above, commits the fallacy of illicit major or minor.
d) This argument, above, commits the fallacy of exclusive premises.
e) This argument, above, commits no fallacy.
4. If some Lincoln University students are black, does it follow that some Lincoln University students are white?
a) Yes.
b) No.
c) All of the above.
d) None of the above.
e) Nothing follows from it.
5. If some students at Lincoln University are not black, then it follows that:
a) All students at Lincoln University are not black.
b) All students at Lincoln University are black.
c) No student at Lincoln University is black.
d) Some students at Lincoln University are black.
e) none of the above is accurate.
6. Researchers have known for years that all those countries that have a considerably lower incidence of prostate cancer are countries in which drinking green tea is very popular; and those countries that have lower incidence of prostate cancer, also have a low lung cancer rate despite the high rate of smoking. Thus, those countries where people drink a lot of green tea, will reduce their chances of having lung cancer.
a) This argument, above, is valid.
b) This argument, above, is not invalid.
c) This argument, above, commits the fallacy of four terms.
d) This argument, above, commits the fallacy of the undistributed middle.
e) None of the above is accurate.
7. People who drink tea significantly reduced their chances of heart disease, particularly their risk of aortic atherosclerosis by 46 to 69 percent depending on whether they drink 2 to 4 cups a day, according to a study published in the Oct. 11 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine. We already know that all those who increase their chances of living longer significantly reduce their chances of getting heart disease; so all those who drink tea, particularlly 2 to 4 cups of green tea a day, increase their chances of living longer.
a) This argument, above, is valid.
b) This argument, above, commits the fallacy of four terms.
c) This argument, above, commits the fallacy of the undistributed middle.
d) This argument, above, commits the fallacy of illicit major or minor.
e) This argument, above, commits no fallacy.
8. According to our text, the contrapositive of "All students cheat at one time or other."
a) All those who do not cheat at one time or another are not students.
b) None of those who do not cheat at one time or another are not students.
c) Some of those who do not cheat at one time or another are not students.
d) Some of those who do not cheat at one time or another are students.
e) none of the above.
9. According to our text, the obverse of "All students cheat at one time or other." is:
a) No student does not cheat at one time or other.
b) All students do not cheat at one time or other.
c) Some students do not cheat at one time or other.
d) Some students cheat at one time or other
e) none of the above.
10. According to our text, the converse of "All students cheat at one time or other." is:
a) All of those who cheat at one time or other are students.
b) Some of those who cheat at one time or other are students.
c) None of those who cheat at one time or other are students.
d) Some of those who cheat at one time or other are not students.
e) none of the above.