Statistics and Probability

Statistics and Probability

Statistics
Find mean, median, mode and range
Graphs
Collect, record and analyze data
Construct, read, analyze and interpret tables, charts, graphs and data plots
horizontal and vertical bar graph
pictograph
tally chart
circle graph (pie graph)
histograms
box-and-whisker
stem-and-leaf plot
scatter plot
Venn diagrams
flow chart
Formulate predictions
Locate points on a line graph (grid) using ordered pairs
Solve problems using graphs
Missing, incorrect information
Probability
Event
Properties of probability
Predict outcomes
Independent events
Dependent events
Compound events
Randomly occurring events
Make predictions
Paramutions

Mean, Median, and Mode
Measures of range and central tendency (mean, median and mode)
Range is the lowest number to the highest number.
The mean is another word for average. To find the mean, add the numbers together, then divide the total by the number of numbers.
The median is the middle number when the data is arranged in order.
To find the median:
Make sure data is in order from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
If there is an odd number of items, the median is the middle number.
If there is an even number of items, the median is the average of the two middle numbers.
The mode is the number that occurs most often in a set of data.
Graphs
(this is not completed at this time, the following is a list of skills to learn)
Collect and analyze data using the concepts of largest, smallest, most often, least often and middle
Collect and record data from surveys (e.g., favorite color or food, height, ages) or experiments
Organize (e.g., sorting, sequencing, tallying) information from surveys or experiments
Identify largest, smallest, most often recorded (i.e., mode), least often and middle (i.e., median) using sorted data
Formulate questions from organized data
Construct, read and interpret displays of data to make valid decisions, inferences and predictions
Make and label a graph (horizontal bar, vertical bar, picture graph or tally chart) from organized data
Answer questions about a circle graph (i.e., pie graph) divided into halves and fourths
Answer questions about a pictograph where each symbol represents multiple units
Write a title representing the main idea of a graph
Locate points on a line graph (grid) using ordered pairs
Draw conclusions (e.g., valid decisions, conjectures and predictions) from graphed data
Formulate questions from graphs, charts and tables
Solve problems using graphs, charts and tables (e.g., given a bar graph or preferred flavors of ice cream, students have to decide what flavors of ice cream
to order)
Construct, read, analyze and interpret tables, charts, graphs and data plots (e.g., box-and-whisker, stem-and-leaf, and scatter plots)
Construct A.bar graphs, line graphs, frequency tables and Venn diagrams (Grades 4-5)� B.histograms, stem-and-leaf plots, scatter plots, circle graphs, and
flow charts (Grades 6-8)
Interpret and analyze data from graphical representations and draw simple conclusions
A.bar graphs, line graphs, circle graphs, frequency tables and Venn diagrams (Grades 4-5)� B.histograms, stem-and-leaf plots, scatter plots, circle graphs
and flow charts (Grades 6-8)
Choose an appropriate graphical format to organize and represent data (Grades 6-8
Make valid inferences, predictions and arguments based on statistical analysis
Formulate predictions from a given set of data and justify predictions (Grades 4-5, 6-8)
Compare a given prediction with the results of an investigation (Grades 4-5, 6-8)
Critique the conclusions and recommendations of others� statistics (Grades 6-8)
Consider the effects of missing or incorrect information (Grades 6-8)
Probability
Probability is the ratio that tells you how likely it is that a certain event will happen. To find the probability of an event, use this ratio:
P =� Number of Successful Ways
�� Number of Possible Ways
The probability that an event cannot happen is 0. The probability that an event is certain to happen is 1.

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