Middle School Language Arts

Parts of Speech

  1. Noun
  1.  Common
  2.  Proper
  3.  Concrete
  4.  Abstract
  5.  Collective
  6.  Singular
  7.  Possessive
  8. Pronoun
    1.  Singular
    2.  Plural
    3.  Possessive
    4.  Relative
    5.  Nominative and objective
    6.  Antecedent - agreement in number and
    7.   gender
    8.  Reflexive
    9.  Demonstrative
    10.  Indefinite
    11.  Interrogative
  9. Verb
    1.  Action
    2.  Linking
    3.  State of being
    4.  Verb phrase
    5.   Main verb
    6.   Helping verb
    7.  Transitive and intransitive
    8.  Voice
    9.   Active
    10.   Passive
    11.  Tenses
    12.   Present
    13.   Past
    14.   Future
    15.   Present, past, and future perfect
    16.  Principal parts
    17.   Present, past, past participle, present
    18.   participle
    19.  Progressive form
    20.  Subject verb agreement
  10. Adjective
    1.  Articles
    2.  Proper
    3.  Demonstrative
    4.  Comparing
  11. Adverb
    1.  Comparative and superlative
    2.  Distinguishing between adjective and   adverb
    3. Conjunction
    4.  Coordinating
    5.  Correlative
    6.  Subordinating
  12. Preposition
    1.  Phrase
    2.  Object
    3.  Used as adjective or adverb
  13. Interjection

Sentence elements

  1.  Subject
  2.   Simple and complete
  3.   Compound
  4.  Verb
  5.  Modifiers
  6.   Adjective
  7.   Adverb
  8.   Prepositional phrases
  9.  Completers
  10.   Direct object
  11.   Subject complement
  12.    Predicate noun, pronoun, adjective
  13.   Indirect object
  14.   Objective complement
  15.  Conjunctions
  16.  Appositives
  17.  Direct address
  18.  Interjection
  19.  Phrases
  20.   Prepositional
  21.   Appositive
  22.   Verbal and verbal phrases
  23.    Participle
  24.    Gerund
  25.    Infinitive
  26.  Clauses
  27.   Independent (main clause)
  28.   Dependent (subordinate clause)
  29.    Adjective
  30.    Adverb
  31.    Noun
 Type of sentence
  1.   Simple
  2.   Compound
  3.   Complex
  4.   Compound-complex
 Sentence Patterns
  1.   Subject-Verb (S-V)
  2.   Subject-Verb-Direct Object (S-V-DO)
  3.   Subject-Verb-Indirect Object-Direct Object
  4.    (S-V-IO-DO)
  5.   Subject-Verb-Predicate Nominative (S-V-
  6.    PN)
  7.   Subject-Verb-Predicate Adjective (S-V-PA)
Diagramming sentences
 Basic Sentence Parts, Phrase Configurations
  1. Simple subject and predicate
  2. Understood subject (for commands, directives) Sit!
  3. Questions
  4. Compound predicate
  5. Compound subject and compound predicate
  6. Three subjects
  7. Direct object
  8. Compound direct objects
  9. Three direct objects
  10. Compound predicate with direct objects
  11. Compound predicate with one direct object
  12. Indirect object
  13. Compound indirect objects
  14. .Predicate noun
  15. Objective complement
  16. Appositive
  17. Direct address
  18. Interjection
  19. Adjective
  20. Compound adjectives
  21. Predicate adjective
  22. Compound predicate adjectives
  23. Comparative adjective
  24. Adverb
  25. Adverbs modifying other adverbs
  26. Compound adverbs
  27. Prepositional phrase
  28. Prepositional phrase modifying another prepositional phrase
  29. Preposition with compound objects
  30. Prepositional phrase modifying an adverb
  31. Participle
  32. Participial phrase
  33. Gerund
  34. Gerund phrase acting as object
  35. Gerund phrase as object of a preposition
  36. Infinitive as noun (subject & predicate)
  37. Infinitive acting as adjective
  38. Infinitive acting as adverb
  39. Infinitive as direct object
  40. .Infinitive phrase as object of preposition
  41. .Infinitive phrase as objective complement
  42. Infinitive phrase as appositive
  43. Expletive Construction
  44. Absolute Construction
  45. Correlative Conjunction
  46. Passive Verbs
Sentence Types, Clause Configurations
  1. Adjective clause introduced by an adverb
  2. Adjective clause introduced by a relative pronoun acting as subject
  3. Adjective clause introduced by a relative pronoun as direct object.
  4. Adjective clause modifying a direct object
  5. Adjective clause modifying the object of a preposition
  6. Adjective clause modifying the sentence subject
  7. Adverb clause modifying the verb
  8. Adverb clause modifying an adjective
  9. Adverb clause modifying an adverb
  10. Noun clause acting as subject
  11. Noun clause acting as the the object of a preposition
  12. Noun clause acting as a predicate noun
  13. Noun clause acting as the object of the sentence

Using Words

Misused words
  1.  Homophones
  2.  Pronouns and cotractions
  3.  Prepositions
  4. Use of nouns and pronouns
  5.  Use of who and whom
  6.  Subject and object pronouns
  7.  Naming self last
  8.  Possessive and plural nouns
  9.  Pronouns and antecedents
  10.  Reflexive nouns
  11.  Needless pronouns
Use of adjectives and adverbs
  1.  a or an
  2.  Comparative and superlative adjectives
  3.  Double negatives
  4.  Adjective, adverb confusion
  5.  Misplaced modifiers
Use of verbs
  1.  Subject verb agreement
  2.  Irregular verbs
  3.  Change of tense
  4.  Problem verb pairs
 Use of Special Verbs
  1.   sit and set
  2.   lie and lay
  3.   rise and raise
  4.   let and leave

Mechanics

 Types of sentences
  1.   Declarative
  2.   Interrogative
  3.   Imperative
  4.   Exclamatory

Capitalization

Punctuation

Spelling

  1.  Plural forms of nouns
  2.  Verbs in present and past tense
  3.  Spelling rules
  4.  Words often written
  5.  Possessive forms
  6.  Writing out numbers

Handwriting

Vocabulary

  1.  Compounds
  2.  Synonyms
  3.  Antonyms
  4.  Prefixes
  5.  Suffixes
  6.  Homophones
  7.  Contractions
  8.  Using context clues
  9.  Homographs
  10.  Base and root words
  11.  Connotation and denotation
  12.  Etymologies / history of English language
  13.  Idiomatic expression
  14.  Formal and informal language
  15.  Shades of meaning

Speaking

  1.  Discussions and conversations
  2.  Telling a story
  3.  Using the telephone
  4.  Dramatization, improvisation, pantomime
  5.  Oral reading
  6.  Giving directions
  7.  Giving opinions and persuasive talks
  8.  Peer conferencing
  9.  Oral reports and informative talks
  10.  Interviews and surveys
  11.  To give descriptive details
  12.  Sharing opinions
  13.  Voice and speech techniques
  14.  To give comparison and contrast

Listening

  1.  To appreciate literature
  2.  For rhyme, rhythm, an other poetic sound
  3.   devices
  4.  In discussions and conversations
  5.  For main idea or details
  6.  On telephone
  7.  For sequence
  8.  To answer questions / interviews
  9.  To follow directions
  10.  Manners and techniques
  11.  Peer conferencing
  12.  For context clues
  13.  For fact vs opinion
  14.  Active listening
  15.  Critical listening

Study Skills

  1.  Using alphabetical order
  2.  Using the library
  3.  Recognizing author and title
  4.  Using a thesaurus
  5.  Organizing information and classifying
  6.  Reading pictures
  7.  Parts of a book
  8.  Following written directions
  9. Spelling rules
    1.  Using the dictionary for spelling, pronunciation, meaning
    2.  Using and locating words in the dictionary
  10.  Choosing / narrowing a topic
  11.  Using an encyclopedia
  12.  Summarizing
  13.  Taking tests
  14.  Taking notes
  15.  Using an atlas, almanac, newspaper,
  16.   Readers Guide
 Study tips / habits
  1.  Outlining
  2.  Using the library’s card catalogue or
  3.   computer listing
  4.  Paraphrasing
  5.  Thinking Skills
  6.  Critical Thinking
  7.  Compare and contrast
  8.  Drawing conclusions
  9.  Observing
  10.  Problem solving
  11.  Sequencing
  12.  Creative Thinking
  13.  Elaborating
  14.  Supposing
  15.  Point of view
  16.  Predicting
  17.  Wondering

Writing

Sentences
  1.  Writing sentences
  2.   Complete
  3.   Incomplete
  4.   Fragment
  5.   Run-on
  6.  Sentence combining and expansion
  7.  Clincher sentences
Paragraphs
  1.  Definition
  2.  Topic sentence
  3.  Detail (supporting) sentences
  4.  Order of ideas in paragraphs
  5.  Informative and explanatory
  6.  Descriptive
  7.  Narrative
  8.  Persuasive
  9.  Comparison / contrast
  10.  Paragraph unity
 Methods of developing paragraphs
  1.  Clincher sentence
Other Expository Forms
  1.  Book reports and media reviews
  2.  Research reports
  3.  Summaries
  4.  Newspaper / magazine articles and
  5.   editorials
  6.  Letters
    1.  Friendly letters
    2.  Thank-you notes and invitations
    3.  Envelopes
    4.  Business letters
Steps in writing process
  1.  Prewriting
  2.  Writing
  3.  Revising
  4.  Proofreading
  5.   Proofreading marks
  6.  Publishing
  7.  Identifying purpose
  8.  Identifying audience
  9.  Improving word choice
  10.  Sharing writing products
  11.  Receiving response to writing

Literature

Poetry
  1. Forms of poetry
    1.  Couplet
    2.  Tercet
    3.  Haiku
    4.  Limerick
    5.  Ballad
  2. Poetic voice
    1.  Lyric
    2.  Dramatic
    3.  Narrative
  3. Figures of speech
    1.  Simile
    2.  Metaphor
    3.  Personification
    4.  Sound devices
    5.  Onomatopoeia
    6.  Alliteration
    7.  Assonance
    8.  Consonance
    9.  Rhyme
    10.  Repetition
    11.  Sensory words
    12.  Dialogue
Play
Short story
  1.  Literary Elements and Devices
  2.   Plot, character, setting
  3.   Speaker (point of view)
  4.   Exaggeration
Fable, myth, tall tale, folklore
Essay or article
Personal narrative

Responding to literature
Appreciation of literature
Other Forms or Genres

  1. Stories and narratives
  2. Journals

 

 
 

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