1. “II. What are the unique properties of all stem cells?” September 2002. <http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm>

Stem cells are cells with very unique properties. They don’t have a structure that can perform a specific task. They are created for body uses only. They can be divided for long periods of time. Stem cells are good due to their ability to rise above specialized cells. We used this article’s way of describing the properties of stem cells.

 

2.“NIH Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry.” November 18, 2002. <escr.nih.geov>

This article was about the president’s decision to allow federal funds to be used for stem cell research. He also set down some ground rules and responsibilities that the researchers must follow. Some were the researchers must used embryo only for stem cell research. Also they have to have documents that verify adoption of embryo. We used this article’s descriptions on Bushes ground rules.

 

3. “Blood Vessel Cells From Embryonic Stem Cells: Catch- Up, Not Breakthrough” <www.stemcellresearch.org/info/blood_vessel_advance.htm>

This article was on how adult stem cells at times turn into blood vessels. Many argued that is a waste and it happens not very often. Some say stem cells research repeats itself by talking about one thing. Scientists say it’s important to discuss such a discovery. This shows controversy. We used this article’s descriptions on the adult stem cell.

 

4. “Stem Cell Deal Reached.” January 9, 2002. <www.news.wisc.edu/packages/stemcells/index.msql?get=6949>

Discusses that the controversial arguments are resolved between Wisconsin Alumni research Foundation and Geron Corporation. They agreed on the topic of the commercialization of embryonic stem cell technology. They have settled lawsuit and partnered up to work on cures for diagnoses. We used this article’s descriptions on how companies can have controversy over stem cell research.

 

5. “AAAS/ICS Report on Stem Cell Research.” 1999 <www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl/projects/stem/main.htm>

This article emphasized the importance of stem cell research. It said that it is very important due to it can cure diseases such as cancer and nervous system diseases. It then discussed the importance of the AAAS institute because it helps to extend the study of stem cells as much as any other corporation or institute. We used this article’s descriptions on how institutes help stem cell research grow.

 

6. “Stem Cell Research.” September 12, 2001. <www.healthlink.mcw.edu/article/1000329899.html>

This scientist described how stem cell research is a controversial subject. He first described how it works and what the scientists do with the embryos and fetuses. Then he started to get into the controversial subjects. He said that many people dislike stem cell research because they believe that the embryos should be donated to women who can produce their own embryos or just for aforementioned (above mentioned) purposes. Some others say that since the embryo is in its most mature human stage, it should be left alone. We used this article’s descriptions about how the human embryo should be left alone.

 

7. Pearson, Helen. “Stem cell powers challenged.” March 14, 2002.

<www.nature.com/nsu/020311/020311-5.html>

Pearson describes how there were some reports on adult stem cells creating genetically mixed up tissues in the body. She then said that they could cause minor or very serious health effects. This shows that stem cells can also be very lethal if they are placed in the wrong place. If adult stem cells fuse with other stem cells they can be carrying twice the amount of normal DNA. At times fusing stem cells is sickly but at rare times it’s very healthy. We used this article’s descriptions about the dangers of stem cell research

 

8. “Cloned stem cells may give new lease of life.” November 8, 2002. <www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99993017>

This article states that cloned stem cells are younger and fitter. They are liked because they can replace tissue better. In recent research people found out that adult stem cells are very identical to cloned one, which are supposed to be the best. Because of that research many find it unnecessary to clone stem cells. Later on new research came on that said that cloned stem cells have a better advantage because they replaced fifty percent of a cow’s blood in and experiment and they also took over the adult stem cells. We used this article’s descriptions about how stem cells can replace tissue.

 

9. “NIH issues US embryonic stem cell guidelines, at last.” August 29, 2000. <www.biomedcentral.com/news/20000829/05.com>

The US National Institute of Health has issued specific guidelines that are meant to govern the federally funded research with stem cells from embryos. One guideline is the forbiddance of paying the donor of an embryo. These guidelines that they have set are hoped to help with the studies for cures for diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, and etc. The NIH created these outline also to lower outcries from groups and citizens alone. We used this article’s descriptions on how the NIH has strict rules for scientist who research stem cells.

 

10. “Stanford stem cell project draws criticism.” December 11, 2002. <www.cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/12/11/stanford.cloning.ap/index.html>  

Stanford is gearing towards stem cell research. Even though many criticize this, they are researching to cure cancer. Their plan is to take DNA form diseased adult cells and then to put them in to and egg and grow them there for couple days. Then they will produce stem cells than are said to cure certain illnesses. Many think what they are doing is cloning because when DNA is placed in an egg it grows into a human embryo. But Stanford claims its not. This process Stanford’s doing is called nuclear transfer. We used this article’s descriptions on how Stanford is performing their research.

 

11. “Response to the Select Committee on Stem Cell Research by the Court of the Chief Rabbi.” July 6, 2001. <www.chiefrabbi.org/articles/other/stemcell.html>

The Rabbi gave religious standards to stem cell research. He described how human life is delicate and sacred, so that’s why we must protect it. The Rabbi continued to explain why stem cell research should be limited. Then he brought up Old Testament excerpts. For illness treatments he said that we all must trust God for he is the one that will take care of us when we are sick. He finished with Jewish laws against this kind of research. We used this article’s descriptions about how religions views are different from scientists.

 

12. “VI. What are the potential uses of human stem cells and the obstacles that must be uses will be realized?” September 2002. <www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm>

This article described uses for stem cells. One interesting use was that stem cells could be used to test new drugs. Stem cells can be used to test drugs by simulating the condition the drugs are made to cure. The new uses of stem cells are now very important because they are more accurate. This person really fore stem cell research because he really likes the way they can replace organ tissue. We used this article’s descriptions on how stem cells can help create pharmaceutical drugs.

 

 

 

13. Dalton, Alastair. “US firms blocking stem cell research.” Thursday October 17, 2002. <www.news.scotsman.com/scotland.cfm?id=1148432002>

Professor Austin Smith says that stem cell capabilities are limitless. Says that some researchers use their research to commercialize. Professor Smith Austin is one out of many to be given am license for stem cell research. He studies how stem cells begin the process of making human body cells. Researching get harder and harder as the mystery of how stem cells work uncovers. Providing stem cells from adult stem cells may take 20 years. Researchers plan to make research need less stem cells. We used this article’s descriptions on how scientists use the process of how stem cells create the body to their advantage.

 

 

 

 

14. “Neural Stem Cells, Modified To Produce A Protein Toxic To Cancer Cells, Show Promise In Treating Malignant Glioma.” January 2003. <www.stemcellresearchfoundation.org/WhatsNew/January_2003.htm>

Neutral stem cells can deliver TRAIL (which is a protein) to human glioblastoma cells, which are tumor cells. TRAIL is a protein that helps to lower tumors sizes. The TRAIL protein concentrates to kill only human glioblastoma cells but rarely harms tissue from the brain or any other area it is released to. This technique may be used in the future to reduce tumors malignant effect. We used this article’s descriptions on how stem cells carry helpful proteins in them.

 

15. “Stem Cell Research.” August 14, 2002. <www.aaas.org/spp/cstc/issues/stemcells.htm>

Es cells are also a type of stem cells that can turn into any cell that exists in the human body. They are pulled out of several day old embryos and are hoped to be used to repair damaged human tissue. Dr. Thomson discovered the potentials of the Es cells but hasn’t been able to receive funding from the NIH. But he has received private funding from other stem cell companies. The reason NIH couldn’t fund Dr. Thomson is because congress has banned public funding to embryonic research. But later on NIH was allowed to fund Dr. Thomson under one condition. He would only receive money for the Es cell research, but for the destruction of an embryo, they would have to us private funds. We used this article’s descriptions on how some types of cells don’t receive funding from the NIH.

 

16. “Stem Cell Transplantation Program.” <www.upmccancercenters.com/stemcell/pfv/research.html>

Scientists are looking for traces of stem cells in the placenta and umbilical cord. They plan to use those specific stem cells for the cures of cancers of the blood. Scientists say during allogeneic stem cells transplantation GVHD happens when immune cells are taken from the donor stem cells it injures the organs. In order to prevent this from happening again scientists have created a immunosuppressive agent to keep GVHD from happening. GVHD is a graft-versus-host disease. Whenever any type of stem cell transplantation occurs, the immune system is either left damaged and dysfunctional or just weakened. We used this article’s descriptions on how stem cells are also located in the umbilical cord.

 

17. “Stem-cell Research and the Catholic Church.” February 2003.

<www.americancatholic.org/News/StemCell/default.asp>

When it was August 9, 2001 President Bush decided that he was going to only allow limited federal funding to stem cell research. Later on he decided that he would allow stem cell research funding only for stem cells that have been already been pulled out of destructed embryos. President Bush saw that on Pope John Paul’s II agenda was surprisingly stem cell research. In other words the pope hates stem cell research. The pope wants Bush to reject embryonic stem cell research since it only happens if embryos are aborted. The pope said it violates the right of the embryo. It should only be used if it has died from natural death. We used this article’s descriptions on how religious leaders like the Pope believe in the ethical rights of the embryo.

 

18. Zerhouni, Elias M.D. “Senate Testimony.” Wednesday, September 25, 2002. <www.nih.gov/about/director/092502sctestimony.htm>

NIH has a good grasp at stem cell research. They are getting closer to a cure for diseases. They will at some point in the future have a numerous amount of cures. Human embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells have the power to make cures in the future. NIH is beginning to provide training courses for people who are interested on stem cell research. Now that scientists understand the methods of the stem cells, they are easier to predict. Adult stem cells in animals have to capabilities to cure damaged bone or cartilage. Stem cell research foundations will minimize risks and side effect stem cell therapies might cause. We used this article’s descriptions on how stem cells are becoming more and more easier to predict.

 

19. “Opportunities and Challenges: A Focus on Future Stem Cell Applications.” May 2, 2002. <www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/scireport.htm>

Therapies will start to make the headlines once stem cell research succeeds. Failures in research will help scientist become more knowledgeable in stem cell research areas. A discovery for a cure unpredictable like a bolt of lightning striking. What lie ahead of stem cells are very mysterious. The therapies it will offer will be very unbelievable. Many get lured to what stem cell research has to offer. Stem cell research is on of the most massive discovery in medical history. We used this article’s descriptions on how cures are unpredictable.

 

20. “NIH Backgrounder on Stem Cells.” <www.nih.gov/news/backgrounders/stemcellbackgrounder.htm>

There are three types of stem cells: totipotent-“it gives rise to all different types of cells in the body.” Pluripotent-“stem cells can give rise to any type of cell in the body except those needed to develop a fetus.” The last one is multipotent and those stem cells only turn into a few types of cells. Blood forming stem cells in bone marrow are the only type of cells used for therapy. Pluripotent are stem cells from the human embryo. They are mostly used for research. We used this article’s descriptions on how there are different types of stem cells.

 

21. “National Institute of Health (NIH) Update on Existing Human Embryonic Stem Cells.” August 27, 2001. <www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/082701list.htm>

President Bush states that embryos must be donated to stem cell research foundations and that they must have an “informed consent” with them. All the research institutes that are based in the United States of America must follow this law. The NIH researchers now will be able to do more thorough research on stem cells and will have better luck to find cures. Bush’s announcement must be taken seriously because if not, the federal funding will not be given to research foundations. We used this article’s descriptions on how Bushes rules should be taken seriously or funding will be cut.

 

22. “The White House.” August 9, 2001. <www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/08/print/200110809-1.html>

President Bush states in this article that embryos can only be used if they were supposed to be derived from a person. Also, he said that he doesn’t want to reach a plateau in which the “tax payer” must start to pay for stem cell research. Bush believes that human life is very precious, but he also wants medical research to advance. The three standards that must be followed in order to perform stem cell research: 1. There must be some sort of consent from the donor 2. Embryos should be used only for “reproductive purposes.” 3. Donors shouldn’t be paid for their donations. Adult stem cell research is federally funded for. We used this article’s descriptions on how the taxpayer shouldn’t pay for stem cell research.

 

Pictures (new addition)

 

1. Pearson, Helen. Article: “Stem-Cell Powers Challenged.” "Fused cells become nerves and other cell types." (c) Nature <www.nature.com/nsu/020311/020311-5.html>