The Incas, Aztecs, Mayans, Moche and other South American cultures are called "Advanced"???!! What have they contributed to society?
LEADERS OF SOCIETY
The "BIG MEN" in these cultures were the ones who won all their savage bloodthirsty battles and won the most land & money & booty. The "BIG MEN" in ancient greek civilization were not only the leaders but also the PHILOSOPHERS, WRITERS, DRAMATISTS, ATHLETES, MATHEMATICIANS.
MATH
You could argue the SA cultures(South American cultures) had mathematicians. But for what purpose? to predict the astronomical signs to read "godly" signs and also for building & farming. Well the greeks also did this but also PONDERED and PHILOSOPHIZED the various complex maths, not just the ability to CALCULATE. For instance, Archimedes already understood the rudimentaries of Calculus and thought it was just too easy using math to develop clever monstrous war machines against the Romans. And philosophers had many theorems which they would discuss with each other for the UNDERSTANDING/DISCUSSION & ENJOYMENT, not just a matter of calculations.
MEDICINE
The SA cultures would BLEED those who were ill with sharp painful objects and used witch doctors. Now, you could say this isn't different from the dark ages of Europe. I agree, but if you compare the SA cultures with Greek culture, the greeks WERE MUCH FURTHER in their understanding of medicine, even having the ability to perform complex surgeries as well as having specialized surgical gadgets to remove arrows. Even ancient Egypt (e.g. understood how to heal bones with tourniquets) and ancient Chinese culture was much more advanced in medicine (with their methods of accupuncture & herbs) compared to SA cultures.
ARTISTRY OF BUILDINGS
As far as we can see, most of the writings on lavish buildings in SA cultures were for the main purpose of SELF-PROPAGANDA FOR THE "BIG MEN WARRIOR LEADERS." Some Egyptian rulers did this also, but most Egyptian rulers created large buildings & pyramids for the purpose of the afterlife, not just for self-aggrandizement. In Greek cultures, there was much more artistic expression with myths of Gods, Goddesses, heroes with artistry later moving to a more "moving" more realistic style of expression, not the static stilted style of art that was predominant in ancient Greece & Egypt.
HUMAN SACRIFICE-RELIGION
Obviously, the ancient Greek culture also had human sacrifice but it was disdained once their culture evolved. The ancient Chinese never practiced these revolting practices. In fact, Chinese religion evolved into 2 non-violent enlightened religions of Buddhism and Confucius and Indian religion also evolved into 2 non-violent enlightened religions of both Buddhism & Hinduism. For MANY HUNDREDS of years, SA culture has never turned away from human sacrifice. Why? Superstition and the desire to INTIMIDATE AND SCARE their large populations into never rebelling against their selfish rulers and basically, IGNORANT SUPERSTITION which is not to say I look down on them for that since obviously the Europeans & Americans have had their witch-hunting Salems, but that for hundreds if not thousands of years, the S.A. cultures never evolved away from this practice even though it must have been obvious that the weather could not be controlled by sacrificing humans, although i'm sure it helped the rulers quickly eliminate the opposition.
CONTRIBUTIONS??
The greeks contributed to Logic, Artistry, Ship making, Ocean Mapping, Medicine, Commerce, Mythology, Mathematics, Philosophy and other numerous fields. The Chinese contributed to the making of the printing press, medicine, religion. The SA cultures contributed what? that we shouldn't use up our resources or else we'll end up disappearing like them??
More later.....
ARICULTURE
Looking at Macchu Picchu, they were obviously masters of agriculture. They pretty much structured themselves around the mountain's structure rather than the other way around so that water would flow downwards predictibly and purposefully.