MCA Question Bank

MCA Question Bank

MODERN OPERATING ENVIRONMENTS

Q.1
a) What is EDI ? Explain what is needed to implement EDI ?
b) Decribe IT common tools ?

Q.2
a) What is offixce manager ? Explain hoe information can be shared with MI-office?
b) Expalin word's table feature? also explain table specific feature that enlist the size, shape and appearace of cell.
c) Explain excel function by categories with example.

Q.3
a) Explain the advantages of working with the multiple worksheet.in Excel.? Also explain the concept of command "macro"
b) Write a short note on:
1) What if project in Excel.
2} previewing and reheasing slides in PPT.
c) Explain how client/server approch is used in internet.?

Q.4
a) Describe the advantages of internet ? Explain off-line capabilities . Can web-page be made off-line ? If yes how ?
b) in MS-WORD, explain
1) tables of content
2) creating an idea of index.

Q.5
a)How can worksheet be used as a database? Also explain
1) sorting database
2) cross tabulating database.
b) Explain how e-mail work? Also explain various containt of an e-mail message?

Q.6
a) While formating the text explain
    1) format pointer
    2) line spacing
    3) margins and gutter
b) List and explain call error message that come while using escel function.
c) Write a short note on
    1) local client and public client
    2) telnet

Q.7
a) Write short note on
1) Business management and IT.
2) Brief history of internet.
b) Describe evolution of IT.

Q.8
a) What is usenet? What are the ways to find stuff on usenet?
b) Explain with example how hyperlink make information accessable on web.
c) Explain suitable HTML code following HTML tags
1) <A>
2) <TABLE>

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Q.1
a) Explain in detail shadow paging recovery scheme with the help of suitable example,with its advantages and disadvantages .
b) List and explain in brief architectural models for parallel machines .

Q.2
a) What is referential integrity ? Give its mathematical definition . List and explain the test that must be made for insertion deletion and updation type of modifications in order to preserve the following referential integrity constraint .
b) List and explain the rules that must be used to get more efficient relational algebra query from the original one , with suitable examples .

Q.3
a) Let R = ( A,B,C,D,E ) and let M be the set of multivalued dependencies .
    M = { A ->-> BC , B ->-> CD , E ->-> AD }
    (i) List nontrivial dependencies in M+
    (ii) Give a lossless join decomposition of R into 4 NF .
b) What is conflict serializability ? Explain the test that need to be performed for testing conflict serializability .

Q.4
a) Explain client server system . Also explain categorization of server system in detail with suitable diagram .
b) Consider the following relational database
        employee ( emp_no , name , address )
        project ( P_no , P_name )
        work-on ( emp_no , P_no )
        part ( Part_no , Part_name , Qty_on_hand , size )
        use ( emp_no , p_no , part_no , number )
Write relational algebra queries for the following :
(i) List the names of employees who are not working on any project .
(ii) List the names of employees and the projects with which the employees are associated with and for which they have used no part so for .
(iii) List the part numbers and names of the parts used in both the projects "CAR" and "SCOOTER" .

Q.5
a) What is data fragmentation , related to distributed databases ? Explain in brief various ways of fragmenting a relation .
b) At what point during query processing does optimization occur ?
c) Consider r1 ( A,B,C ) , r2 ( C,D,E ) , r3 ( E,F ) with primary keys A,C & E respectively . Assume that r1 has 1000 , r2 has 1500 and r3 has 750 rupees . Estimate the size of r1| x | r2 | x | r3 and give efficient strategy for computing the join.

Q.6
a) Explain :
         Cascadeless schedules
         Recoverable schedules
b) Explain with the help of suitable example :
         Generalization
         Aggregation
c) With the help of suitable diagram explain database system structure .

Q.7
a) Consider the database given in Q.4 (b). rite SQL queries for the following .
    (i) List the names of employees who are working on a project named "RDBMS" .
    (ii) List the names of employees who are working in both the projects "DBMS" & "MIS".
    (iii) List the names of projects such that every employee working on these projects has used a parts "bolts" with size 10.
b) List and explain security specification in SQL .
c) Define superkey using functional depedency .

Q.8
a) Two phase lock based protocol .
b) Checkpoints .
c) Pitfalls in Relational database design .

OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Q.1
a) What is object-oriented development ? Discuss the various stages involved in object oriented methodology .
b) Wire is used in the following applications . For each application , prepare a list of wire characteristics that are relevant and explain why each characteristic is important for application :
    (i) Designing a piano .
    (ii) Designing a filament for a light bulb .
    (iii) Designing the electrical system for an airplane

Q.2
a) Prepare object diagram showing at least ten relationship in the following object classes. Include association , aggregations , and generalizations . Also add attributes and operations to the object diagram .
file system , file , directory , filename , ASCII file , executable file , directory file , disk , drive , track , sector .
b) Prepare an object model to describe undirected graphs . Your model should capture only the structure of graphs , and need not be concerned with geometrical details . Explain

Q.3
a) Prepare an object diagram for a graphical document editor that supports grouping . Assume that a document is composed of several sheets . Each sheet contains drawing object , including text , geometrical objects , and groups . A group is simply a set of drawing objects , possibly including other groups . A group must cotain at least two drawing objects . A drawing object can be a direct member of at most one group . Geometrical objects include circles , ellipses , rectangles , lines and squares .
b) What are abstract and concrete classes ? Explain each with suitable examples .

Q.4
a) A simple digital watch has a display and two buttons on it ,the A button and the B button . The watch has two modes of operations , display time and set time . In the display time mode , hours and minutes are displayed , separated by flashing colon . The set time mode has two sub modes , set hours and set minutes . The A button is used to select modes . Each time it is pressed , the mode advances in the sequence : display , set hours , set minutes , etc . Within the sub modes , the button B is used to advance the hours or minutes once each time it is pressed . Button must be released before they can generate another event . Prepare a state diagram for a watch .
b) Prepare a state diagram for selecting and dragging items with the graphical diagram editor :
A cursor on the diagram tracks a two-button mouse . If the left button is pressed with the cursor on an item ( a box or a link ) , the item is selected , otherwise previously selected items are deselected . Moving the mouse with the left button held down drags any selected item .

Q.5
a) Using the quadratic formula as a starting point , prepare a data flow diagram for computing the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 .
b) Discuss the relation of functional model to object and dynamic models .

Q.6
a) For each of the following systems , identify the relative importance of the three aspects of modelling : 1) object modeling , 2) dynamic modeling , 3) functional modeling .
Explain your answers .
(i) bridge player , (ii) spelling checker , (iii) telephone answering machine .
b) What is system design ? List the various steps involved in system design with reference to OMT methodology .

Q.7
a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of design optimization ? Also explain in brief how designer carry out design optimization .
b) List and explain various style guidelines for writing programs in object oriented and non-object oriented languages in a proper object oriented spirit .

Q.8
a) What is UML ? Why it is necessary to have variety of diagrams in a model of a system? Which diagrams give static and dynamic view of a system ?
b) Suppose you are building a computer based system that plays chess with user . Which UML diagrams would be useful in designing the system ? Why ?

NETWORK COMPUTING Q-1.
a) Explain the OSI-7 layer model. How is the data transmission done in OSI model?
b) State & explain the type of services provided by the layers to the superior layers?

Q-2.
a) Explain the ANSI FDDI protocol ?
b) Given a channel with an intended capacity of 36.6 kbps. What signal to noise ratio is required in order to achieve this capacity if the bandwidth of the channel is 5 KHz.
c) Explain Hub polling ?

Q-3.
a) What is UDP ? How process on source machine can get address of process on destination machine ?
b) Write short note on router ?

Q-4.
a) Explain the Flow control and Error control techniques used in X.25.
b) Explain FDM . State its merits and demerits .

Q-5.
a) Explain the SDLC protocol.
b) What factors would you consider if you are asked to build a LAN from scratch. Assume that all H/W requirements can be satisfied appropriately .

Q-6.
a) Explain the IP address structure.
b) What are the mahor services provided by IP ? Explain .

Q-7.
a) Write the packet format used in X.25 and explain .
b) State and explain the IEEE 802.1(MAC) specification .

Q-8. Write short notes on :
a) Network Operating System.
b) Message switching .
c) MAN

DATA WAREHOUSING AND MINING Q.1
a) List and explain the diffrence between a data warehouse and operational database.
b) What is data warehouse administration ? Explain in detail any one important
aspect of it.

Q.2
a) Explain the following tetms
1)Denormalization
2)Aggregation.
b) List and explain the challanges encountered during integration data from
diffrent data sources

Q.3
a) List diffrent phases of decision support life cycle and explain pgysical
database design development phase of it.
b) What is initial deployment ? List and explain three mejor steps that
are involved in the initial deployment.

Q.4
a) What is business directory ? Explain the information contained in itb ?
b) List and explain the assumption on which information directory is built.
c) What is multistar schema ? Explain it with suitable example.

Q.5
a) What is multidimensional data store and OLAP services approches ? Explain
how the data is stored in MDDS ? Also explain it's advantages.
b) List the mejor function offered to the business users by relational OLAP
approch.
c) Explain the term outboards.

Q.6
a) Distinwish between informational/ analytical processing and data mining.
b) List and explain in brief application of statastical analysis.
c) Explain the term
1) Database getway.
2) Data transformation.

Q.7
List and explain the criteria for evaluating OLAP servers and tools.

Q.8
Write short note on:
a) Knowledge discovery system manager.
b) source syncronization.
c) Replication management.

Q.2
a) Explain the following tetms
1)Denormalization
2)Aggregation.
b) List and explain the challanges encountered during integration data from diffrent data sources

Q.3
a) List diffrent phases of decision support life cycle and explain pgysical database design development phase of it.
b) What is initial deployment ? List and explain three mejor steps that are involved in the initial deployment.

Q.5
a) What is multidimensional data store and OLAP services approches ? Explain how the data is stored in MDDS ? Also explain it's advantages.
b) List the mejor function offered to the business users by relational OLAP approch.
c) Explain the term outboards.

Q.7
List and explain the criteria for evaluating OLAP servers and tools.

Q.8
Write short note on:
a) Knowledge discovery system manager.
b) source syncronization.
c) Replication management.

WEB SCRIPTING LANGUAGES Q.1
a) Compare and contrast netscape document object model to that of microsoft.Which one of these would you prefer. ? why ?
b) Explain various enviroment variable that are useful for form procrssing.

Q.2
a) Write a CGI perl code that parses data that is passed to it by the GET method.
b) With the help of appropriate diagram explain the CGI programming enviroment in detail.

Q.3
a) What are CGI liabraries ? Write in short about the CGI 1.05 liabrary.
b) What are the primary type of header return by the web server to the client program? Explain.

Q.4
a) "CGI highly insecure",comment.
b) Explain the following
1) regular and associate array.
2) chat room.

Q.5
a) Using an suitable block diagram explain the concept of database backending on the web.
b) What are the various type of file format to display picture in the web browser. Which type of file format is the most efficient one ? Why ?

Q.6
a) Write CGI based perl script that keeps track of the number of visitors to the home page of a certain site.
b) What measures can be taken by a CGI programmer to improve security ?

Q.7
a) Explain the window., document and location object of java sript in detail.
b) Write a short note on SSI directives.

Q.8
a) A certain web application has a field for product -id, the constraints associated with this fact are
    1) it should not be null
    2) initial two characters out of six are letter and are AB, BC, or CD
    3) the remaining four characters are digits.
write javasript code to validate this field.
b) Explain script level and procedure level scipting in VBscript.
c) Explain split(),chop(), and die() function of perl.

INTERNET COMPUTING Q.1
a. Explain how internet technologies have changed marketing in the business .
b. Discuss various organizations for designing a web site. Also explain other issues to be considered before starting actual page designing.
c. Discuss the advantages of XML over HTML

Q.2
a) What are intranet and Kiosks ? How are they used in Internet Communications ?
b) Write a brife note on :
(i) Graphics conversions on web
(ii) Public Vs Private site
c) What is the structure of XML declaration markup ? Give suitable example.

Q.3
a)What are the various ways a businessorganization can track its page success ?
b)The logical and physical structure of an XML document shoude be synchrnous . Comment.
c)Explain with suitable example external and internal DTD .

Q.4
a) Discuss the security issues one should consider while designing on-line payment system. Also give an example of on-line ordering form of this type .
b) Explain the need for multiple authors in the web site design. Also discuss the technical & non-technical problems in such systems.
c) Illustrate with appropriate example cascading style sheets.

Q.5
a) How can a web sute be protected from hackers?
b) Explain in detail how net can be used to sell and provide services?
c) Write short nite on :
(i) A teaser
(ii) Offline Marketing

Q.6
a) Can a head of MIS become a webmaster ? Jusify your answer.
b) Write a short note on :
(i) Developing Link partnership
(ii) Usenet groups for marketting.
c) What are error logs ? How are they used ?

Q.7
a) Explain how HTML forms can be made user friendly ? Give suitable example .
b) Write short notes on :
(i) XML software
(ii) Dithering
c) What are the various incentives offered to the clients in offline marketting ? Also discuss the related cost issues.

Q.8
a) Explain the following in detail :
(i) Bartering
(ii) Computer consultant
b) what are the linguistic problems for international marketting ? How can they be solved ?

MODERN OPERATING SYSTEM Q.1
a) Explain with the help of ISO-OSI reference model how communication is achieved between any two computers . Why this is not used in distributed systems ?
b) Compare bus based microprocessor and bus based microcomputer on the basis of components used in it.

Q.2
a) What is clock synchronization ? what is contribution of Lamport in this particular area ? Explain Cristian's algorithm for clock synchronization .
b) What different ways are available to cope with the inconsistency problem because of cache memory in the file systems .

Q.3
a) Explain the workstation model . Explain in detail how any busy processor can distribute some of the load to any idle processor in workstation model , by considering all different possibilities regarding idle processor.
b) Explain buffered as well as unbuffered primitives.

Q.4
a) What is stateless server ? How NFS is implemented ? Show whether NFS server is stateless or statefull ?
b) How time required for RPC can be minimized ?

Q.5
a) List out what problems may occur while two computers are communicating with each other through RPC . Explain in detail how each problem is tackled ?
b) Write a note on monolithic kernel and microkernel .

Q.6
a) Explain how RPC is carried out ?
b) What are the advantages of file reflection ? Explain voting algorithm and its purpose.

Q.7
a) What is the purpose of election algorithm ? Explain ring algorithm with example.
b) Write nite on :
(i)Windows NT
(ii) Novell Netware

Q.8
a) What do you mean by process of mounting ? Write down advantages of automounting over static mounting .
b) What is thread ? How thread package is implemented ?
c) How time stamps are used to achieve concurrecy control ?

NETWORK COMPUTING Q.1
a) How UNIX I/O facilities will be extented by adding TCP/IP protocols to UNIX. ?
b) Diffrence between programs and process . Give an appropriate example.
c) Give two paradims to building distributed programs. Expalin in details.

Q.2
a) Define master and slave processes and concurrent connection oriented server algorithm.
b) How remote programs and procedures will be identified? Explain in detail with example . Also explain how multiple versions of a remote programs will be accommodated.

Q.3
a) Define Authentication . How authentication information is devided into diffrent type.?
b) Explain NFS file modes and attribue in details.

Q.4
a) Explain analogy between client-server and RPC in details.
b) How appearant concurrency will be achived using a single process. Explain with an algorithm.
c)Diffrence between iterative-connection oriented server and concurrenr connection oriented server.

Q.5
a) Explain sequence of code made by a client and a server. using TCP.
b) Write a node on:
1)RPC retramsmission.
2)Inode.

Q.6
a) Explain the basic I/O operation available in UNIX.
b) Explain how correction will be establish with server using UDP, with diffrent sockets .Also explain closing of a socket that uses UDP.
c) Explain which function will allocate communication socket.

Q.7
a) Explain the stucture "auth-unix" and "auth-type" . Why it is used.
b) How NFS mount entries will be added to unix mount table.Also explain remote paradigms for remote mounts in UNIX.
c) How TELNET will be used to access an alternative service.

Q.8
a) Explain the format of following system calls.
    1) getpeername system call
    2) setsocket system call
    3) gethostbyname system call
b) Explain how symbolic const

JAVA PROGRAMMING Q.1
a) What is multicasting ? How it is achieved ? Explain with suitable example.
b) How event handling in java is diffrent from other programming languages ?
c) Define 1) Accessor method 2) Mutator method 3) Interface.

Q.2
a) What is a thread ? Discuss it's properties.
b) Describe collection and iterator interfaces in JAVA library.
c) How do you terminate a grafic program ?

Q.3
a)"Network programming is not a complex issue with JAVA" comment.
b) List the situation causing deadlocks. What is solution to come out of deadlock.

Q.4 Write short note on :
a) Layout management
b) Comment dialogue boxes supported by swing.

Q.5
a) How can you construct menus in a JAVA program ? How do they process commands? Explain with suitable example.
b) Given reader and writer stream hierarchy. Explain any two claases each with example.

Q.6
a) Explain following AWT event classes alongwith their listeners.
    1) mouse event
    2) window event
    3) text event
4) component event

Q.7
a) What is graphic object? Give important method of graphic classes.
b) Explain conable interface with suitable example.
c) How do you information to applet?

Q.8
a) List the setup required write an application that can also be used as applet.
b) What is Jascrol Pane ? Describe the method of Jascrol pane class.

INTERNET COMPUTING Q.1
a) Explain with suitable examples the following VBScript functions :
    (i) DateDiff
    (ii) Instr
    (iii) FormatCurrency
    (iv) Datepart
b) Explain with example error handling in ASP

Q.2
a) What is the purpose of Content Linking Component ? Enlist and explain various methods and properties associated with it.
b) How is concurrency control implemented in an ASP application ? Explain with help of example . (Provide necessary source code .)

Q.3
a) What are server side includes ? How do they contribute in the developement of modular code ?
b) Write in short about internet information server

Q.4
a) Explain in detail the command and parameter objects in ASP .
b) How will you do the following with the help of Response object :
(i) Redirecting the browser
(ii) Changing content type
(iii) Buffering output

Q.5
a) What is data link file ? what are the advantages of having such a file?
b) Are cookies harmful ? If yes, how ? If so, How are they useful ?

Q.6
a) What are different ways one can establish connection with file data source ? Also explain the purposes and methods of the connection object.
b) Write and explain various properties related with the server object.

Q.7
a) With the help of sample source code explain the Ad Rotator component .
b) Draw and explain the ADO objects hiereachy.

Q.8 Write short nites on :
(i) File System object
(ii) Server Environmental varibles
(iii) Dictionary objects

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Q.1
a) Compute the function point value for a project having following information number of user input : 32 number of user output : 85 number of user enquires: 20 number of files :22 number of external interface: 01 Assume that all complexity value for adjustment are essential state explecitily the assumption made by you if any.
b) You are responsible for development of an e-mail system to be emplemented on a PC network. The e-mail system will enable users to create letters to be mailed to another user or specific address list. Letters can be read copied and strored. The e-mail system will make use of existing word processing capability to create letter using this description as a starting point consider that you have to write code. using semidetached mode l calculator.
    1) Efforts applied in person month
    2) project duration
    3) recomended number of people Given LOC=2400 lines.

Q.2
a)discuss various type of team stucture that can be formed for software development. State pros and cons of each.
b) Explain in brief why the feasibility of producing quality software is reducedif project risk is great.

Q.3
a)From your every day experience in NMU , select five classes of object and provide at least five installetion of object for each class. Define the attribute for each class and the operation that apply on it.
b) consider interactive application of ebanking i.e electronic banking, describe what approch you will chose to provide user help facility for design model on ebanking.

Q.4
a) Who should perform validation test- the software developer or software user ? Justify your answer.
b)A FTR is effective only if everyone has prepaired in advance. How do you recognize a review perticipant who has not prepared ? What do you do if you are the review leader.
c)You have been assign the job of engineering word processing software Micro-Word-007 . A class named "document" is identified.Define the attribute and operation that are relevent for "document".

Q.5 a) Decribe three real-life situation in which the customer and the end user and one and the same. Describe three situation in which they are diffrent people.
b) Explain diffrent measures of reliability and availability.

Q.6
a) provide three exemple of fourth generation technique.
b) Explain COCOMO model for software estimation.
c) Discuss your perception of ideal training and background for a system analyst.

Q.7
a) Object oriented design tends to be programming language dependent. Why?
b) Discuss design guideline for information display.
c) JAVA is a programming language with wide verity of feature . How is java diffrent from programming languages such as c++.

Q.8
a) Write short note on following:
    1) Flow-graph notaation.
    2)cyclomatic complexity
    3) Graph matrices.
b) A program read three integer values . The three values are interpreted as representing the length of the sides of a trianngle .The program prints the message that states whether the triangle is scalene , isoscelene or equilateral . Develope a set of test cases that you fill will adequately test this program.
c) Explain in short how loop testing is get performed in white box testing.

MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEM Case study-1
NCR corporation is one of the mejor vendors that is peddinfg distributed and co-operative computing solution to the market.Most organization downsize to reduce costs, and this was one of the NCR's primary motivation to downsize.
Many companies are reluctant to share trade secretes about how they are cutting cost and complementing compettive applications. NCR found that it is possible to do both things simultaniously. It also found it advatagious to tell otyhers about its accomplishment . NCRs credibility with customers is increased its willingness to reveal the downsizing techniques it has learned -in some cases -the hard way while movving from mainframe to client server platform.
By 1990, NCR has developed considerable expertise in implementing client/server application. programer productively improved more than 180 percent and the line it takes to develope new application was reduce by a factor of five. insiders estimate that if they stay on the course they chose , they will experiance a simmiler jump in the productivity improvment in coming 5 to 7 year.
These changes have emerged everyone in the organization. They want to share what they have learned about makiong the translation from centralized to distributed system with customer - both the good and the bad.
Despite the drawbacks, the customer find the downsizing and distributed computing seminars sponsered and taught by NCR to be inspiring.
Questions:
1) Why do you think companies are reluctant to publicize hoe they are using information technology to reduce cost and to be more competitive in their industry?
2) IN the long run , do you think it will be beneficial for NCR to share the downsizing experiance with customers ? why or why not ?
3) What do you think in this case can be the drawback of downsizing?

Case study-2:
Boeing is one of many organization to discover that the critical success factor(CSF) approch can be effectively used to connect . MIS plans with organizational plans. The Boeing Military Airplanes Support division (BMA support division) of Boeing Computer Services(BCS) has used this approch since 1983. BMA support division mission is to directly contribute to Boeing success ; to do so it provide a broad range of computing services, including database management , ingineering graphics, and tradition MIS systems.
After considering various alternative approches for better connecting BMA Support Divisions plan with corporate plans, they decided to adopt the CSF approch.
Then CSF approch evolved into a six step process :
1) Reassessing the mission of the firm in ther context of dynamic environment.
2) identifing CSFs.
3) Analysing the firms strength and weaknesses related to each CSF.
4) Developing specific action plan for overcomming weaknesses and achieving each CSF.
5) Implementing actual plans and reviewing actual performance after implementaion.
Questions:
1) IN addition to CSF approch , there are several other MIS stategic planning tools like observation , the value chain model and the competitive fource model . Based on the information provided on this case, which approch to do you think could be selected others than CSF ? Explain your rreasonig and justify your choice.
2) What seems to be mejor advantages of the CSF approch?
3) What weakness do you see in this approch?
4)Some experts feel that CSF approch work beat with managers oat high levels in the organization than than managers with lower levels, What do you think accounts for this.

**************************************************************** Q.1
a) What are distributed systems ? Give suitable example
b) What are the way to assess future IS expenditures ? Explain any one in detail.
c) Distingwish between inside and outside evalution performed in IS audits by organizations

Q.2
a) How is cluster management achived via groupware ?
b) Describe the responsibilities of the Chief Information Officer.
c) Explain the purpose of the strategic grid in the organization.

Q.3
a) What is capacity planning . Explain with diagram.
b) In client server computing a way of downsizing ? Explain how client server is a specialist while mainframe is generalist.
c) Describe with diagram IS organizational model during seventies to eighties.

Q.4
a) Explain with example use of the PERT technique in IS development.
b) How did IS planing evolved during various stages of growth of IS ? Also explain the significant of pragmatic palnning.

Q.5
a) Why may Chief INformation Officer resist outsourcing ?
b) What is the impact of electonic highway if following issues are considered
    1)Social value and quality of the life.
    2) privacy issue
    3) Computer crime and hacking
    4) Physical and environmental concerns.
    5) Education and training

Q.6
a) How did the concept of knowledge workers rise?
b) What are the charecteristicks of an information system ? Discuss all in detail.
c) What political and culturakl consideration need to be focused in IS architecture?

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND PROBLEM SOLVING IN C/C++

Q . 1
a) What is meant by precedence and associatively of operators ? Give an example ?
b) What are the advantages of OOPs over traditional al procedure oriented lang. Programming?
c) Explain with suitable example bit wise operators ?

Q . 2
a) Describe the mechanism of accessing data members and members functions in the following cases
    1. inside the main program
    2. inside member function of the same class
    3. inside a member function of another class.
b) What is application of scope resolution operator :: and "this" pointer in C++?
c) When is function is made inline? How does it differ from a macro?

Q.3
a) What is meant by data encapsulation and message passing?
b) Create a class FLOAT that contains three float data members. Overload all four arithmetic operator so that they operate on the objects of FLOAT
c) What are the different forms of inheritance?

Q.4
a) What are static data member? When are the used?
b) Find the output of the following;
( i )
# include <stdio.h>
void value ( intx =10, inty = 20)
{
Print ("%d…%d , x , y);
}
main()
{
int p=50 , q=60;
value();
value(p);
value(p,q);
}
( ii ) #include <stdio.h>
int num;
main()
{
int num;
num=25;
printf ( % d…%d"num:num);
{
int num = 50 ;
printf( ( "%d … %d",num,::num ) ;
}
printf( "%d…%d",num,::num ) ;
}
c) What are the advantages of using pointers? List special operators read for using pointers in C++ ?

Q.5
a) Write short notes :
1. Constructors & Destructors
2. Polymorphism in OOPs
b) Write a C++ program using a friend function to swap private data of 2 classes.

Q.6
a) Explain hybrid inheritance.
b) Write short notes on
1. new vs malloc
2. function prototyping in C vs C++

Q. 7
a) Write a C++ program to illustrate the application of overloaded operators to strings. Overload following two operators "+" and "<=" .
b) Explain visibility of inherited members .
c) Explain the class templates .

Q.8
a) Describe how pointers can be used to access members of a structure in ‘C’.
b) Write a short note on :
1. Hierarchy of c++ data types
2. The iostream class hierarchy.

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND PROBLEM SOLVING IN C/C++

Q.1
a) Explain in detail all the functions related to file manipulation in C.
b) Find the output of the following:

main( )
{
static int a[]={o,1,2,3,4};
static int *p[]={a,a+1,a+2,a+3,a+4};
int **ptr=p;
ptr++;
printf("%d%d\n",**ptr);
*ptr++;
printf("%d%d\n", ptr-p,*ptr-a);
}

c) Describe the structure of a C++ program. Also explain insertion and extraction operator.

Q.2
a) Different between calls by value and call by reference.
b) Describe C preprocessor.
c) Find out the result of the following expressions. Execute each expression independently.
int a =40,b=-8,c =2,p=9,q=4,r=12,x=5,y=10,
i. X += !(!x)+!!y*c
ii. X=(a%b>? (a%c>0? 3:4): (b>c?5:6))
iii. P-=q++ % --q+r
iv. X = p++ * --q +++ r

Q.3
a) What are distinguishing features of object oriented programming?
b) Describe constructor. Define a class "string" that could work as a user defines string type. Include Constructors that will enable:
i. To create an uninitialized string.
ii. To initialize a string with a string constant.
c) Explain type conversions in C++

Q.4
a) What are friendly functions? Explain their features.
b) What is an operator function? Explain with reference to binary operator.
c) What are pure virtual functions?

Q.5
a) Differentiate between:
    i. new and malloc
    ii. delete and free
b) Explain:
    i. Default constructor
    ii. Destructor
c) Create a class MAT of size m*n. Define all possible matrix operations for MAT type objects.

Q.6
a) Write short notes on:
i. Function template
ii. Working of pointers
b) What are manipulators? How can one create his own manipulator?
c) Differentiate between functions, macros and inline functions.

Q.7
a) Explain private, public and protected inheritance.
b) Which operators can not be overloaded? Explain "this" pointer with example.
c) Explain:
i. Constant pointers
ii. Pointer to a constant

Q.8
a) How are symbolic contents defined in c++?
b) What is an abstract class?
c) Describe class templates.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES & PERSONAL MGMT Q.1 ) what do you mean by PM ? Explain its importance ?
Q.2 ) What are personal policies ? Explain its objectives.’
Q.3 ) W training is necessary ? Describe its importance in detail ?
Q.4 ) Discuss the varios methods of training with advantages & disadvantages?
Q.5 ) Discuss briefly the varios dimensions of organizatios structure .
Q.6 ) w do you mean by line & staff organization? Explain the line & staff conflicts?
Q.7 ) Define group & group dynamics. Describe types of groups in detail .
Q.8 ) Describe different types of decisions which have been taken by an organizaon . What types of complexity can be found in group designs.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

Q.1 which qualities are required for a personnel manager to fulfill his functions?
Q.2 Describe the principles of personnel policies in detail
Q.3 What are the objects of training? Explain in detail
Q.4 What do you mean by "Vestibule" Training? Explain it in detail.
Q.5 What is "Bureaucracy"? Explain in detail.
Q.6 What is delegation of authority? Describe its process
Q.7 Define group and explain the characteristics of a group in detail.
Q.8 Explain Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory in detail.

DATABASE THEORY & APPLICATION

Q.1
a) What is the difference between a stored function and database trigger?
b) Explain with the help of appropriate example how to design a report using SQL * PLUS

Q.2
a) Discuss the issue of security & data protection in distributed database .
b) what purpose do the grant and revoke command serve? What is "with grant option" ?

Q.3
a) Explain ORACLE memory architecture in brief.
b) list different front ends that can be used with oracle database engine . explain role of ODBC when front
end other than developer is used.

Q.4
a) what is cursor? Explain various attributes associated with a cursor.
b) write short note on import & export facility of ORACLE.

Q.5
a) Explain the different kinds of report styles provided by ORACLE reports .
b) what is the exception ? how is it different from a trigger?

Q.6
a) Explain in the detail relationship object that is required to set the master detail relationship in a form .
b) what is a base table ? also , explain what is the control block is.?

Q.7
a) explain radio grops and record grops in oracle forms
b) Write about concurrency control in ORACLE . what is session?

Q8
short note on :
1. rollback segments.
2. Oracle dba
3. Object databases
4. Oracle processes.

DATABASE THEORY AND APPLICATIONS

Q.1 a) Explain the concept of ODBC, with help of an architectural diagram.
b) What is a transaction? Write about different transaction control statements available in Oracle.

Q.2 a) What do you mean by distributed databases? Explain in brief.
b) With the help of a schematic diagram explain relation between table spaces, segments and database.

Q.3 a) ‘Oracle is used as a backend" Comment.
b) What are the different kind of reports styles available in Reports 2.5?

Q.4 a) Explain Backup and Recovery using export and import utilities of Oracle.
b) Can you load a flat file’s data into an Oracle table? If yes how?

Q.5 a) With the help of an appropriate example explain IN, OUT, INOUT keywords in a stored procedure.
b) What do you mean by a Trigger? How is it different from a procedure?

Q.6 a) What do you mean by a radio group?
b) What is a cursor? Give different attributes of a cursor.
c) Write about the report writing capabilities of SQL*PLUS.

Q.7 a) What are the steps that should be followed so that a form is capable of displaying balloon help, whenever the mouse moves over a push-button?
b) Assume yourself to be a DBA. Now explain how will you confer deny various kinds of access to a table’s data

Q.8 a) Write a short about homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
b) Explain the terms
    i. Exception
    ii. Client-server environment
    iii. Master-detail relationship.

MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS. 1 A) compare centralized , distributed and token ring algos on mutual exclusion .
b. explain basic RPC operations.
c. 2a) write short note on berkely’s algo.
b) Describe the varios methods for addressing processes.

Q.3 a) why do most distributed file systems provide file replicationas a service to their clients.
b) what is dynamic binding
?? c) explain critical path

Q.5 a) what do you mean by synchronization of clocks. Give lamports algo for clock synchronization.
b) Explain with the help of pseudo code working of the sample server

Q.6 a) write short note on NFS
b) give the advantages of distributed systems over centralized.
f. give different algo on election of coordinator . explain one of them with the help of suitable example.

Q.7 a) write note on scheduling in distributed system.
b) explain centralized algo for processor allocation

Q.8 a) Discuss on various design issues of group communication
b) what are primary tasks of micro Kernel.
c) an experimental file server is of ¾ of the time and down ¼ of the time due to bugs. How many times does this file server have to be replicated to give availability of at least 99 %.

MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS

Q.1 a) When file server stores file contiguously, file grows beyond its current allocation unit, then it will have to be copied. Suppose the average file is 20K bytes, and it takes 200 nsec to copy a 32-bit word. How many files can be copied per second? Suggest a way to do this copying without tying up the file server’s CPU the whole time?
b) What is files replication? Why do distributed system provide file replication service to their clients?

Q.2 a) A file is replicated on 10 servers. List all the combinations of read quorum and write quorum that are permitted by the voting algorithm.
b) Client caching introduces inconsistency into the system. Discuss the four cache management algorithm which are used to deal with this inconsistency.

Q.3 a) Discuss in detail a graph theoretic deterministic processor allocation algorithm.
b) Discuss different issues designer must consider while implementing processor allocation algorithm.

Q.4 a) Why is a multithreaded file server is better than single-threaded server and a finite-state machine server? Are there any circumstances in which a single-threaded server might be better ? Give an example.
b) Devise centralized deadlock detection algorithm without using global time.

Q.5 a) Discuss the problem of deadlocks in the context of distributed processing.
b) Dose using time stamping for concurrency control insure serializability? Discuss in detail

Q.6 a) A distributed system may have multiple, independent critical regions. Imagine that process 0 wants to enter critical region A and process 1 wants to enter critical region B. Can Ricart & Agrawala’s algorithm lead to deadlock? Explain your answer.
b) Compare three different mutual exclusion algorithm that can be used while implementing distributed system.

Q.7 a) Suppose in a particular distributed system all the machines are redundant multiprocessors. Devise a sample algorithm for implementing global time ordered atomic broadcast using only unicasting.
b) What is group communication? How are groups formed?
Also explain what do you understand by open groups and closed groups.

Q.8 a) Explain how acknowledgements are handled in RPC.
b) How is NFS implemented? Discuss this respect to the architecture?
c) What are the primary tasks of a microkernel?

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHM. Q. 1
a) write a recursive procedure SEACH for seaching an element in a given array. Convert it to a iterative from by using rules of removal Of recursion .
b) find the shortest path betn veritces A & E for the following graph by using SHORTEST_PATH algo.

Q.2
a) what is breadth first spannig tree. Modify breadth first seaching algo for obtaining breadth first spanning tree.
b) state the principle of optimality. For the following. Obtain matrix A s.t. A(I,j) is the shortest path from vertex I to j. for all vertices by using all pair shortest path.
c) list the varios representations of SETs in memory.

Q.3
a) find an optimal soln to the Knapsack instance n = 7 , m = 15 , profits ( p1 , p2 …. P7 ) = ( 10 , 5 , 15 , 7 , 6 ,18,3) and weights
(w1,w2,…w7) = ( 2,3,5,7,1,4,1)
b) what is graph coloring problem .write m coloring algo and explain how can we solve graph coloring problem by using backtracking.

Q.4
a) state collapsing rule for FIND & weighting rule for UNION & write UNION & FIND algo.
b) write INSERT algo for creation of min-heap . Analyze INSERT algo.
c) Explain the terms "DESIGN" & "analysis" of algo in brief

Q5
a) what do u mean by code optimization & optimal code . Define the operator properties commutative , left and rit distributive and Associative w.r.t. binary operator.
b) analyze quick sort algo. And determine its time complexity in avg and worst case

Q.6
a) draw and expl tree of recursive calls of MAX MIN algo for the following data set( -8,15,89 , 2 , 0 , 18 , 20 , -17)
b) on which factors the efficiency of backtracking depends. Write an algo which estimates avg no of nodes generated in a state space tree.
c) differentiate betn the method of problem betn the techniques brand-and-bound and backtracking

Q7
a)what is non deter ministic algo?explain its 2 terminating condnas and write nondeterministice sorting algo NSORT
b)expln how to determine lower bound for any sorting algo by useing comparison tree for sorting 3 items
c)explian the asymptotic notation 0(f(n))where f (n) is the time complaxcity of any algo

Q8a)explin diff graph representations in memory
b) give an idea of implementing huffman codes for messages
c) write the control abstraction of the greedy method . Explain for each kind of problem , the greedy method can be applied.

DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHM

Q.1 a) What do you understand by Analysis of Algorithm?
b) Suppose that you have a list of 10,000 names in alphabetical order in an array and you must frequently look for various names. It turns out than 20% of the name account for 80% of the retrievals. Instead of doing a binary search over all 10000 names every time, consider the possibility of splitting the list into two, a high frequency list of 2000 names and low frequency list of 8000 names. So look up a name, you first use binary search on the high frequency list and 80% of the time you not need to go on to the second stage, where you use binary search on the low frequency list Devise an algorithm for implementing this scheme and compare it with the original binary search method and state which is better of the two methods.

Q.2 a) Write a procedure to insert a node in a min-Heap. Find the worst case time complexity of your algorithm.
b) What is control Abstraction? Explain the control Abstraction for Greedy Technique.

Q.3 a) The following message is to be sent to destination B from source A.
"ABLE WAS | ERE | SAW ELBA"
codify this message using Huffmans code procedure and write down the code.
b) Devise an algorithm to implement D-search. Find the complexities of algorithm.

Q.4 a) Find an optimal solution to the Knapsack instance where n=7, M=15, (P1, P2, …P7) = (10,5,15,7,6,18,3) and
(W1, W2, …W7) = (2,3,5,7,1,4,1).
b) Design an algorithm that will delete the entry with the largest key from a Max-heap and restore the properties (Heap) for the resulting smaller list. Analyze the time and space requirements of your algorithm.

Q.5 a) Find the shortest path between each pair of nodes for the following network.
5 6
1 8
4 7
9 2
b) Devise an algorithm to find the maximum and minimum from the given list using divides and conquers strategy. Analyze your algorithm.

Q.6 a) Show that the clique problem is NP-Complete.
b) What do you understand by process of Branch and Bound? Write control Abstraction of process LC-search.

Q.7 a) Let T be tree with n nodes created using algorithm UNION. Show that no node in T has level greater [log n]+1
b) Define following terms:-
    i. State space
    ii. Solution space
    iii. Rearrangement
    iv. Problem state
    v. E-node
    vi. Backtracking

Q.8 a) Discuss the recursive control Abstraction for Backtracking
b) Write an algorithm to traverse a tree in breadth first fashion Analyze the algorithm.

COMPUTER NETWORKS Q. 1
A) Explain the CSMA in detail.
b) differentiate betn pure ALOHA & slotted ALOHA.

Q.2
a) The frame received at receivers end is 1101011011. G(x) = x\s\up8(4 )+ x + 1. Find out whether the transmitted message is received correctly or not ? justify.
b) explain the various design issues for layers of n/w

Q.3
a) state the services provided by data link layer to its higher layer.
b) explian FDM in detail.
c) define 1) protocol 2) topology

Q.4
a) short notes.
1. USENET 2) MLMA 3) Deadlock prevention in n/w layer in ARPANET.
b) what is the difference, if any , betn static routing using 2 eqally weighted alternatives and selective flooding using only best paths.

Q.5
a) what is CRC code techn. ? prove its correctnes mathematicaly
b) in 1 bit , sliding window protocol , what will happen if 2 stations transmit data to each other at the same clock time? Explain with example.

Q.6
a ) what is the character count method for framing? Discuss the problems associated with it ? suggest some solut or other convenient Methods
b) A binary signal is sent over a 3 KHZ channel with signal to noise ratio of 30 db . what is the maxm achivable data rate ?

Q. 7
a ) what is the piggybacking . can it be used for simplex protocols. Justify.
b) compare virtual circuits with datagrams , which one would u prefer.justify ?
c) define LAN & WAN

Q 8
a) Explain the isarithmatic congestion control method . discuss advantages and disadvantages.
b) describe atleast 6 clear prediction for n/w in the future . Support ur claims by using specific example or trends from history of n/w.

COMPUTER NETWORKS

Q.1 a) Consider the following network. Suppose we want to send a packet from IMP labeled 1 to IMP labeled 6 using flooding. How many total number of copies of the same packet are generated at various intermediate IMPS?
The packet contains a Hop count which is initialized to the diameter of the network.
b) Explain in detail the IEEE 802.5 Token Ring protocol.
a. Explain multicasting in brief.

Q.2 a) Compare twisted pairs with co-axial cable
b) Consider 2n-1 IMP’s connected by the following topologies.
i. STAR: the central node in just a switch & is not an IMP.
ii. Ring
For each give the number of hops needed for the average IMP-IMP packet (no self-traffic)
c) What is BYSYNC protocol? Explain BYSYNC message format with the help of a suitable diagram.

Q.3 a) Write short note on routing algorithm.
b) Consider a half-Duplex point to point line using stop and wait scheme.
    i. What is the effect on line utilization of increasing the message size so that fewer messages will be required? (Other factors remain constant).
    ii. What is the effect on line utilization of increasing the number of frames for a constant message size?
    iii. What is the effect on line utilization of increasing frame size?

Q.4 a) Explain the OSI Reference model in detail.
b) Explain circuit switching in detail.

Q.5 a) Three packet switching networks each contain n nodes. The 1st network has a STAR topology with a central switch, the second is a bi-directional ring and the third is fully interconnected. What are the best, average and worst case transmission paths in hops?
b) A noiseless 4 kHz channel is sampled every 1ms. What is the maximum data rate?
c) State the advantages of networks in brief.

Q.6 a) Explain the binary countdown collision free protocol in detail
b) Write a short note on STDM.

Q.7 a) Explain the simplex protocol for noisy channel.
b) A channel has a bit rate of 4 Kbps and a propagation delay of 20 msec. For what range of frame sizes does stop-and –wait give an efficiency of at least 50%

Q.8 a) Explain the sliding window protocol using GO BACK N.
b) Explain the Broadcast and point-to-point transmission techniques in detail

COMPUTER GRAPHICS Q.1
a) expln the following techniqus
1. initialising lines
2. dithering
b) what is color model . expl n RGB color

Q2
a) Expn raster-scan display processors with video controllers in detail
b) what is transperancy ? how diffuse & specular transmission takes place at the surfaces of transperant object . explain in detail

Q3
a) clip the line with end pts. (6,-6) and (1,-1) where window coordinates are
Xmin = 2 Xmax = 6
Ymin = -2 Ymax = -5
By using cohen sutherland clipping algo.
b) what is ray-tracing . expln basic ray tracing algo.
c) expln basic elimination model ambeint light.

Q4
a) state and exln bresenham’s circle drawing algo.
b) differentiate betn raster scan and random scan monitors.
c) explain flood_ fill algo. For area filling ? what are its advantages over boundry_fill

Q5
a) given B0[ 2,2 ] , B1[2,4] , B2[4,2] , B3[4,4] vertices of Bazier polygon .
Determing 7 control pts for Bazier curve . Also draw the curv.
b) What are the 2 ways of representing color codes in memory. Expln in detail.

Q6
a) how to represent polygon surfaces as a 3-d object using polygon tables.
b) expln the different shading methods in brief.

Q.7
a) expln fractal geometry methods for solid object representation ? what are self-affine and self-similar fractals ?
b) explain application areas of computer graphics.
c)what is windowing?

Q8
a) expln scan line method for removing hidden surfaces.
b) obtain the transformation equatn for rotating a pt about a fixed pivot pt., through rotaion agle 0 degree.in clockwise dirn
c)explain the classification of logical i/p device.

SIMULATION AND MODELING

Q.1 a) Astimulation is to be conducted of cooking a spaghetti dinner to deteremine what time a person shouled start in order to have the meal on the table by 7 p.m. read the recipe for prepairing a spaghtti dinner. To perform a stimulation the model should include each step in a recipe. What are the events, activities & state variables in this system.
b) In what ways and at what steps might a personal computer be used to support stimulation process?

Q.2 a) Compare and cconstrast the various stimulation languages in their capability to aid modeler in the often arduous task of debugging and verifiction.
b) Compare and isseues involed and the techniques available for validation of stimulation models.

Q.3 a) A particle moves along a straight line from some initial position 0 and takes a sequence of N steps.Each step is of unit length and can go left and right,each with probability 1/2. How will you stimulate the above experiment for various values of N?Explain.
b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of stimulation models?

Q.4 a)"When it becomes difficult to use optimization technique for solving a problem one has to resort to simulation techniques"?Discuss.
b)What are dynamic mathematical models?Explain with suitable example.

Q.5 a) Explain system postulation system study method with suitable example.
b)What are cobweb models? Draw a cobweb for the following market:
D=12.4-1.2P
S=8.0-0.6 P-1
Po=1.0

Q.6 a) Whaat is real-time simulation? Explain it wtih suitable examples.
b) In a chemical reaction one molecule of a substance x is produced for one molecule each of substance A & B. The initial concentrations of A & B are a & b,respectively. Let x be the concentration of x & assume that it is initially zero. The rate at which x increases is 0.1 times the product of the current concentrations of A & B .Assume a&b are initially 0.8 & 0.4,respectively. How will you simulate the above system for the production of x.

Q.7 a) Two competing companies invest funds in capital equipment to improve their position. The rate at which each invests funds decreases linearly as their own investment increases linearly as their competitor 's investiment increases.Draw a system dynamics diagram to simulate the above competiton. Also write the level and rate equations.
b) Pepole arrive at a rate of one every 10+/-5 miutes to use a single telephone. If a telephone is busy, 50% of people come back 5 mintes later to try again. The rest give up. Assuming a call take 6+/-3 mintes, count how many people will have give up by the time 1000 calls have been completed. Simulate the above problem in any simulation language known to you (Give the block diagram and write a progarm).

Q.8 Write a short note on each of the following :
a) Use of statistical models in simulation
b) Generatin of arrivals in Discreate Event Simulation.

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND PROBLEM SOLVING IN C/C++

Q . 1
a) What is meant by precedence and associatively of operators ? Give an example ?
b) What are the advantages of OOPs over traditional al procedure oriented lang.
Programming?
c) Explain with suitable example bit wise operators ?

( ii )
#include <stdio.h>
int num;
main()
{
int num;
num=25;
printf ( % d…%d"num:num);
{
int num = 50 ;
printf( ( "%d … %d",num,::num ) ;
}
printf( "%d…%d",num,::num ) ;
}
c) What are the advantages of using pointers? List special operators read for using
pointers in C++ ?

Q.5
a) Write short notes :
1. Constructors & Destructors
2. Polymorphism in OOPs
b) Write a C++ program using a friend function to swap private data of 2 classes.

Q.6
a) Explain hybrid inheritance.
b) Write short notes on
1. new vs malloc
2. function prototyping in C vs C++

Q.8
a) Describe how pointers can be used to access members of a structure in ‘C’.
b) Write a short note on :
1. Hierarchy of c++ data types
2. The iostream class hierarchy.

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND PROBLEM SOLVING IN C/C++ Q.1
a) Explain in detail all the functions related to file manipulation in C.
b) Find the output of the following:
main( )
{
static int a[]={o,1,2,3,4};
static int *p[]={a,a+1,a+2,a+3,a+4};
int **ptr=p;
ptr++;
printf("%d%d\n",**ptr);
*ptr++;
printf("%d%d\n", ptr-p,*ptr-a);
}
c) Describe the structure of a C++ program. Also explain insertion and extraction operator.

Q.2
a) Different between calls by value and call by reference.
b) Describe C preprocessor.
c) Find out the result of the following expressions. Execute each expression independently.
int a =40,b=-8,c =2,p=9,q=4,r=12,x=5,y=10,
    i. X += !(!x)+!!y*c
    ii. X=(a%b>? (a%c>0? 3:4): (b>c?5:6))
    iii. P-=q++ % --q+r
    iv. X = p++ * --q +++ r

Q.4
a) What are friendly functions? Explain their features.
b) What is an operator function? Explain with reference to binary operator.
c) What are pure virtual functions?

Q.7
a) Explain private, public and protected inheritance.
b) Which operators can not be overloaded? Explain "this" pointer with example.
c) Explain:
i. Constant pointers
ii. Pointer to a constant

Q.8
a) How are symbolic contents defined in c++?
b) What is an abstract class?
c) Describe class templates.

DATABASE THEORY & APPLICATION

Q.1
a) What is the difference between a stored function and database trigger?
b) Explain with the help of appropriate example how to design a report using SQL * PLUS

Q.2
a) Discuss the issue of security & data protection in distributed database .
b) what purpose do the grant and revoke command serve? What is "with grant option" ?

Q.3
a) Explain ORACLE memory architecture in brief.
b) list different front ends that can be used with oracle database engine . explain role of ODBC when front
end other than developer is used.

Q.4
a) what is cursor? Explain various attributes associated with a cursor.
b) write short note on import & export facility of ORACLE.

Q.5
a) Explain the different kinds of report styles provided by ORACLE reports .
b) what is the exception ? how is it different from a trigger?

Q.6
a) Explain in the detail relationship object that is required to set the master detail relationship in a form .
b) what is a base table ? also , explain what is the control block is.?

Q.7
a) explain radio grops and record grops in oracle forms
b) Write about concurrency control in ORACLE . what is session?

Q8
short note on :
1. rollback segments.
2. Oracle dba
3. Object databases
4. Oracle processes. DATABASE THEORY AND APPLICATIONS

Q.1 a) Explain the concept of ODBC, with help of an architectural diagram.
b) What is a transaction? Write about different transaction control statements available in Oracle.

Q.2 a) What do you mean by distributed databases? Explain in brief.
b) With the help of a schematic diagram explain relation between table spaces, segments and database.

Q.3 a) ‘Oracle is used as a backend" Comment.
b) What are the different kind of reports styles available in Reports 2.5?

Q.4 a) Explain Backup and Recovery using export and import utilities of Oracle.
b) Can you load a flat file’s data into an Oracle table? If yes how?

Q.5 a) With the help of an appropriate example explain IN, OUT, INOUT keywords in a stored procedure.
b) What do you mean by a Trigger? How is it different from a procedure?

Q.6 a) What do you mean by a radio group?
b) What is a cursor? Give different attributes of a cursor.
c) Write about the report writing capabilities of SQL*PLUS.

Q.8 a) Write a short about homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
b) Explain the terms
    i. Exception
    ii. Client-server environment
    iii. Master-detail relationship.

MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS.

1 A) compare centralized , distributed and token ring algos on mutual exclusion .
b. explain basic RPC operations.

2a) write short note on berkely’s algo.
b) Describe the varios methods for addressing processes.

Q.3 a) why do most distributed file systems provide file replicationas a service to their clients.
b) what is dynamic binding
d. explain critical path

Q.5 a) what do you mean by synchronization of clocks. Give lamports algo for clock synchronization.
b) Explain with the help of pseudo code working of the sample server

Q.7 a) write note on scheduling in distributed system.
b) explain centralized algo for processor allocation

MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS

Q.3 a) Discuss in detail a graph theoretic deterministic processor allocation algorithm.
b) Discuss different issues designer must consider while implementing processor allocation algorithm.

Q.5 a) Discuss the problem of deadlocks in the context of distributed processing.
b) Dose using time stamping for concurrency control insure serializability? Discuss in detail

Q.7 a) Suppose in a particular distributed system all the machines are redundant multiprocessors. Devise a sample algorithm for implementing global time ordered atomic broadcast using only unicasting.
b) What is group communication? How are groups formed? Also explain what do you understand by open groups and closed groups.

Q.8 a) Explain how acknowledgements are handled in RPC.
b) How is NFS implemented? Discuss this respect to the architecture?
c) What are the primary tasks of a microkernel?

DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHM Q.1 a) What do you understand by Analysis of Algorithm?
b) Suppose that you have a list of 10,000 names in alphabetical order in an array and you must frequently look for various names. It turns out than 20% of the name account for 80% of the retrievals. Instead of doing a binary search over all 10000 names every time, consider the possibility of splitting the list into two, a high frequency list of 2000 names and low frequency list of 8000 names. So look up a name, you first use binary search on the high frequency list and 80% of the time you not need to go on to the second stage, where you use binary search on the low frequency list Devise an algorithm for implementing this scheme and compare it with the original binary search method and state which is better of the two methods.

Q.2 a) Write a procedure to insert a node in a min-Heap. Find the worst case time complexity of your algorithm.
b) What is control Abstraction? Explain the control Abstraction for Greedy Technique.

Q.3 a) The following message is to be sent to destination B from source A. "ABLE WAS | ERE | SAW ELBA"
codify this message using Huffmans code procedure and write down the code.
b) Devise an algorithm to implement D-search. Find the complexities of algorithm.

c) Devise an algorithm to find the maximum and minimum from the given list using divides and conquers strategy. Analyze your algorithm.

Q.6 a) Show that the clique problem is NP-Complete.
b) What do you understand by process of Branch and Bound? Write control Abstraction of process LC-search.

Q.8 a) Discuss the recursive control Abstraction for Backtracking
b) Write an algorithm to traverse a tree in breadth first fashion Analyze the algorithm.

COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Q.1
a) expln the following techniqus
1. initialising lines
2. dithering
b) what is color model . expl n RGB color

Q5
a) given B0[ 2,2 ] , B1[2,4] , B2[4,2] , B3[4,4] vertices of Bazier polygon . Determing 7 control pts for Bazier curve . Also draw the curv.
b) What are the 2 ways of representing color codes in memory. Expln in detail.

Q6
a) how to represent polygon surfaces as a 3-d object using polygon tables.
b) expln the different shading methods in brief.

Q.7
a) expln fractal geometry methods for solid object representation ? what are self-affine and self-similar fractals ?
b) explain application areas of computer graphics.
c)what is windowing?

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